Calendar Timeline  in process
Return to home
Solar Year= 365.2421896698 days.
   (SFC, 11/29/03, p.D2)
Caitra is the 1st month of the Indian calendar and corresponds to
March in the Gregorian calendar. Phalguna is the last.
Solar Year= 365.2421896698 days.
   (SFC, 11/29/03, p.D2)
Caitra is the 1st month of the Indian calendar and corresponds to
March in the Gregorian calendar. Phalguna is the last.
Notes & Queries, Guardian Weekly:
Of time past, time present and all of that heaviness. The past goes
all the way back. The future goes on for ever. How long
is the present?
As long as it takes the brain to realize that what just happened has
passed.
Vincent Buytaert, Ghent, Belgium
Quicker than one can formulate the thought "right now", it is
already gone. The present is the point that separates anticipation
from retrospection.
Paul Roth, Dunedin, New Zealand
Very, very short. If it were twice as long as that, the universe
would be twice as heavy. If the past were still there, the
universe would be very, very heavy, and getting much heavier every
very, very short moment.
Les Meek, Wellington, New Zealand
Just as a point has geometrical position and no area, the present
has time position between past and future but no duration.
Dennis Roddy, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
The past and the future don't exist. It is the present that goes on
for ever.
Alan Stockbridge, Tuebingen, Germany
The present doesn't exist; only the future and the past do.
Jake Sigg, San Francisco, California, US
As long as it holds your attention to unwrap it.
Jill Day, Katoomba, NSW, Australia
There is no time like the present.
Ivan Fellowes, Cammeray, NSW, Australia
Jake Sigg Newsletter 6/29/09
432 BCÂ Â Â An Athenian devised a 19-year "Metatonic
cycle" to reconcile the lunar and solar years.
   (SFC, 11/29/03, p.D2)
47BCÂ Â Â Â Â Â Julius Caesar adopted a
modified form of the Egyptian Calendar. Together with Sosigenes, an
astronomer from Alexandria, the new calendar spreads the last 5-6
days of the Egyptian calendar amongst alternate months. March 1
began the year as a carry over from the old Roman calendar.
   (K.I.-365D, p.84)
46BCÂ Â Â Â Â Â The Julian calendar was
introduced by Julius Caesar (708 AUC). It was a reform of the Roman
calendar and took effect January 1, 45 BC (709 AUC).
   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar)
45BCÂ Â Â Â Â Â Jan 1, The Julian calendar
took effect. The year -45 has been called the "year of confusion,"
because in that year Julius Caesar inserted 90 days to bring the
months of the Roman calendar back to their traditional place with
respect to the seasons. This was Caesar's first step in replacing a
calendar that had gone badly awry.
   (http://astro.nmsu.edu/~lhuber/leaphist.html)
45BCÂ Â Â Â Â Â Feb 29, The first Leap Day
was recognized by proclamation of Julius Caesar. Under the old Roman
calendar the last day of February was the last day of the year.
   (HN, 2/29/00)
44BCÂ Â Â Â Â Â The month of Quintilis was
changed to Julius in honor of Julius Caesar. It had been the fifth
month in the earliest calendar attributed to Romulus, which began
with Martius and had 10 months. After a calendar reform that
produced a 12-month year, Quintilis became the seventh month, but
retained its name A bright comet was declared by the Romans to
be the soul of Julius Caesar ascending to join the gods.
   (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintilis)(SFC,
3/28/97, p.A12)
1BCÂ Â Â Â Â Â Mar 1, Start of the revised
Julian calendar in Rome.
   (SC, 3/1/02)
552Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 10, Origin of Armenian
calendar.
   (MC, 7/10/02)
622Â Â Â Â Â Â 24-Sep, In the Hegira
Muhammed left Mecca for Medina (aka Yathrib) with 75 followers. This
event marked the beginning of the Islamic lunar calendar. The new
faith was called "Islam," which means submission to Allah. Believers
in Islam are called Muslims-- "Those who submit to Allah's will." In
Medina Mohammad tried to unite the Jews and Arabs and initially
faced Jerusalem to pray. The Jewish leaders did not accept Mohammad
as a prophet and so Mohammad expelled from the city the Jews who
opposed him. From then on he commanded the Muslims to face the Kaaba
in Mecca when praying.
   (V.D.-H.K.p.19)(ATC, p.60)
1576Â Â Â Â Â Â The basilica of San
Petronio was erected by Egnatio Danti, a mathematician and Dominican
friar who worked for Cosimo I dei Medici, the Grand Duke of Tuscany.
The structure included a solar observatory. Danti also advised Pope
Gregory on calendar reform.
   (SFC, 10/25/99, p.A4)
1582Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 24, Pope Gregory XIII
issued a papal bull, or edict, outlining his calendar reforms. The
old Julian Calendar had an error rate of one day in every 128 years.
This was corrected in the Gregorian Calendar of Pope Gregory XIII,
but Protestant countries did not accept the change till 1700 and
later. [see 1552 and Oct 4, 1582]
   (HFA, '96, p.22)(TL-MB, 1988, p.23)(HN,
6/7/98)(SFEC, 2/20/00, Par p.7)(AP, 2/24/02)
1582 Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 4, The Church Council
at Trent, Italy, discussed the error of 10 days in the calendar as
referenced to the spring equinox which was used to establish the
date for Easter. Pope Gregory announced a correction, "The Gregorian
Adjustment," and had Oct. 4 followed by Oct. 15. The calendar is
accurate to a day in 3,323 years. [see 1552]
   (K.I.-365D, p.97)(NG, March 1990, J.
Boslough)(SFEC, 2/20/00, Par p.7)
1582Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 5, The Gregorian
calendar was introduced in Italy, other Catholic countries. Nothing
happened. This day was skipped and became Oct 15 to bring the
calendar into sync by order of the Council of Trent. In 1998 David
Ewing Duncan published "Calendar: Humanity’s Epic Struggle to
Determine a True and Accurate Year." In Bohemia the anti-Gregorian
astronomer Michael Mestlin proclaimed that the pope was stealing 10
days from everyone’s life. [see Sep 3, 1752]
   (K.I.-365D, p.97)(NG, March 1990)(SFEC, 9/27/98,
BR p.5)(MC, 10/5/01)
1582Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 5-14, The days when
nothing happened.
   (SFEC, 9/27/98, BR p.5)
1582Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 15, The Gregorian (or
New World) calendar was adopted in Italy, France, Luxembourg, Spain,
and Portugal; and the preceding ten days were lost to history. This
day followed Oct 4 to bring the calendar into sync. by order of the
Council of Trent. Oct 5-14 were dropped.
   (K.I.-365D, p.97)(NG, March 1990, J.
Boslough)(HN, 10/15/98)(SFEC, 10/3/99, Par p.27)
1582Â Â Â Â Â Â Prolaptic Gregorian
calendar: This refers to years, months, etc. as if the Gregorian
calendar had been in use since the beginning of time; specifically
before 1582.  Â
1584Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 7, This was the last
day of the Julian calendar in Bohemia & Holy Roman empire. The
1582 Gregorian (or New World) calendar was adopted by this time in
Belgium, most of the German Roman Catholic states and the
Netherlands.
   (SFEC, 10/3/99, Par p.27)(MC, 1/7/02)
1700Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 1, Russia replaced the
Byzantine with the Julian calendar, which remained in effect until
the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in 1918.
   (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etos_Kosmou)
1752Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 3, The Gregorian
Adjustment to the calendar was put into effect in Great Britain and
the American colonies followed. At this point in time 11 days needed
to be accounted for and Sept. 2 was selected to be followed by Sept.
14. People rioted thinking the government stole 11 days of their
lives. [see Oct 5, 1582]
   (K.I.-365D, p.97)(SFEC, 9/27/98, BR p.5)(MC,
9/3/01)
1864Â Â Â Â Â Â Scottish author W.R.
chambers published “Book of Days: A Miscellany of Popular
Antiquities in Connection with the Calendar, Including Anecdote,
Biography, & History, Curiosities of Literature and Oddities of
Human Life and Character.”
  Â
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambers_Book_of_Days)
1870Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 26, Christmas was made
a federal holiday in the US.
  Â
(www.thehistoryofchristmas.com/ch/in_america.htm)(Econ, 12/15/12,
p.34)
1912Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 15, Kim Il Sung, North
Korea's communist founder and leader (1948-1994), was born. In 1997
this date marked year one in the North Korean calendar.
  Â
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korean_calendar)(Econ, 8/15/15,
p.13)
1918Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 31, Russia joined the
rest of the world and adopted the Gregorian calendar. The next day
became February 14, 1918.
   (www.ortelius.de/kalender/greg_en.php)
1920Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 4, Last day of Julian
civil calendar in Greece.
   (SC, 3/4/02)
1929Â Â Â Â Â Â Joseph Stalin reset the
Soviet calendar to give workers every 5th day off. Shifts were
staggered so that factories could run without interruption. The
staggered working week was abandoned after 3 years.
   (Econ, 5/21/05, p.80)
1940Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 27, USSR returned to
the Gregorian calendar.
   (SC, 6/27/02)
1986Â Â Â Â Â Â Danny Hillis began
thinking and working on a 10,000 Year Clock. After some years Jeff
Bezos, founder of Amazon.com provided assistance and the clock began
taking shape inside a mountain in West Texas. The first prototype of
the clock began working on December 31, 1999.
  Â
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_of_the_Long_Now)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â E.G. Richards authored
"Mapping Time: The Calendar and Its History."
   (SFC, 11/29/03, p.D2)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Bonnie Blackburn and
Leofranc Holford-Stevens compiled "The Oxford Companion to the
Year."
   (SFEC, 2/20/00, Par p.7)
2010Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 4, A US-Russian space
team sent their Easter greetings down to Earth after their Soyuz
spacecraft docked flawlessly at the International Space Station. The
rotating calendars of the Christian West and the Christian East
agreed on the same date for Easter.
   (AP, 4/4/10)(Econ, 4/3/10, p.85)
2011Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 30, At midnight on Dec
29 Samoa leaped to Dec 31 to align itself with trading partners. For
the country’s 186,000 citizens, Dec 30, 2011 will simply not exist.
   (SFC, 12/29/11, p.A2)
2012Â Â Â Â Â Â May 18, It was reported
that Saudi Arabia has banned all government and private agencies
from using the Gregorian calendar in official dealings. The use the
English language to answer calls or communicate, mainly in companies
and hotels, has also been banned in an effort to preserve the Arabic
language.
   (SSFC, 5/20/12, p.A4)
2015Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 18, The Chinese New
Year holiday began today due to the insertion of a lunar leap month
last year.
   (Econ, 2/14/15, p.40)
Days of the Year
Jan 3, Â Â Â Â Â Â Grizzly bear cubs are
born around this date.
   (SFEC, 4/20/97, Z1 p.5)
Jan 6, Â Â Â Â Â Â Traditional day of the
Epiphany, the day that the three kings, Melchior, Gaspar and
Balthazar brought to Jesus gifts of Gold, Incense and Myrhh.
   (Cafe Clovis, SF, 1/4/98)
Jan 7, Â Â Â Â Â Â In 2000 some 200
million Orthodox Christians observed Christmas according to the old
Julian calendar.
   (SFC, 1/7/97, p.A9)(SFC, 1/8/00, p.C1)
Jan 11,   National Thankyou Day in the US.
   (HFA, '96, p.22)
Jan 17, Â Â Â St. Anthony’s day.
   (Hem., 3/97, p.74)
Jan 20,   St. Sebastian’s day.
   (Hem., 3/97, p.74)
Jan 23,   US National Handwriting Day in honor of
John Hancock and his signature on the US Declaration of
Independence: "I'll sign it in letters bold enough so the King of
England can see it without his spectacles on!"
   (MC, 1/23/02)
Jan 26, Â Â Â India celebrates its Republic Day, a
national holiday to mark the adoption of its constitution (1950).
   (Econ, 1/24/09, p.50)
February = Phalguna, the last month of the Indian calendar.
   (SFC, 11/29/03, p.D2)
Feb 2, Â Â Â Candlemas day. Candles are blessed in
honor of the presentation of the baby Jesus in the Temple and the
purification of the Virgin Mary. The French of long ago believed
that pancakes eaten on this day prevented hemorrhoids.
   (WUD, 1994, p.216)(SFC, 1/17/98, p.C5)
Feb 2,      Groundhog Day [see 1887]
Feb 12, Â Â Â Clean out your computer day.
   (HFA, '96, p.24)
Mar 20, The International Day of Happiness. It was established
by the United Nations General Assembly on 28 June 2012.
  Â
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Day_of_Happiness)(Econ,
11/24/12, p.68)
Mar 21, World Poetry Day. It was declared by UNESCO (the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) in 1999.
  Â
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Poetry_Day)(Econ, 11/24/12,
p.68)
March   Easter is the Sunday after the Paschal full
moon, which may occur any time from Mar 21 through Apr 18. Thus the
date for Easter may be any time from March 22 to April 25 inclusive.
The date of the Paschal full moon is determined from tables and it
may differ from the date of the actual full moon by as much as 2
days.
   (SFC, 12/27/04, p.C10)
March    Caitra, the 1st month of the Indian
Calendar.
   (SFC, 11/29/03, p.D2)  Â
  Â
Apr 5,      Lava Lamp Day was
celebrated in 1965.
   (MC, 4/5/02)
Apr 7,      In 1795 the National
Convention of Revolutionary France put into effect a new calendar
system, similar to that of ancient Egypt. The year began with the
autumn equinox, and had 360 days divided into twelve months of
thirty days. Five extra days were placed at the end of the year. The
months were divided into three 10 day groups. The day was divided
into 10 new hours, each hour into 100 minutes, and each minute into
100 seconds.
   (K.I.-365D, p.42)
April 19-25, Icelanders, using the old Norse calendar celebrate the
beginning of summer, Summardagurinn Fyrsti, on the first Thursday
between April 19 and 25.
   (SSFC, 4/15/12, p.P3)
May 17,   National Day in Norway.
   (Econ, 5/29/04, p.54)
May 29,   Saint’s day of Theodosia, martyred in 729
in Constantinople.
   (Ot, 1993, p.1)
May, Â Â Â Â Â Â The 40th day after Easter
Sunday is celebrated by Catholics as the Feast of the Ascension.
   (www.newadvent.org/cathen/01767b.htm)
Jun 1,      The Atlantic hurricane
season begins.
   (HFA, '96, p.32)
Jun 24,   St. John’s feast day.
   (DrEE, 9/28/96, p.1)
Jun 14Â Â Â Â Â Â This is Flag Day in the
US.
Jul 25,      The Greek Isle of Tilos
celebrates the feast of St. Pandeleimon.
   (SSFC, 2/14/04, p.D6)
Jul 30, The International Day of Friendship. On 27 April 2011 the
General Assembly of the United Nations declared 30 July as official
International Friendship Day.
  Â
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Friendship_Day)(Econ,
11/24/12, p.68)
Aug 16  Â
Aug 17  Â
Aug 18  Â
Aug 19  Â
     Â
Aug 20  Â
Aug 21  Â
Aug 22  Â
Aug 23  Â
Aug 24  Â
Aug 25  Â
Aug 26  Â
Aug 27   The birthday of Confucius.
   (CFA, '96, p.52)
      The first commercial oil well
was set up in 1859.
   (HFA, '96, p.36)
Aug 28   The first oil well was drilled in
1859.
   (CFA, '96, p.52)
      The first radio commercial was
in 1922.
   (HFA, '96, p.36)
Aug 29   St. John the Baptist was killed c.
29AD.
   (HFA, '96, p.36)
Aug 30   The first flight of the space shuttle
Discovery in 1984.
   (HFA, '96, p.36)
Aug 31   William Saroyan was born in 1908.
   (HFA, '96, p.36)
Â
SEPTEMBER
Sept. 1Â Â Â Â Â Â World War II began in
1939,
   (CFA, '96, p.54)
      The KAL flight 007 was downed
in 1983 by Soviet fighters.
   (HFA, '96, p.38) (TMC, 1994, p.1983)
Sept. 2Â Â Â Â Â Â The Great Fire of
London occurs in 1666.
   (CFA, '96, p.54)
Sept. 3Â Â Â Â Â Â The Trans-Canada
Highway opens in 1962.
   (CFA, '96, p.54)
      Frederick Douglass, American
Negro abolitionist, escaped in 1838.
   (HFA, '96, p.38) (AHD, 1971, p.394)
Sept. 4Â Â Â Â Â Â Los Angeles was founded
in 1781.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 5Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of
Cardinal Richelieu.
   (CFA, '96, p.54)
      The St. Gotthard tunnel in
Switzerland was opened in 1980.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 6Â Â Â Â Â Â The Baltic States gain
independence in 1991.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 7Â Â Â Â Â Â Brazil becomes an
independent nation in 1822.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 8Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of Peter
Stuyvesant.
   (CFA, '96, p.54)
      The siege of Malta was broken
in 1565.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 9 Â Â Â The Battle of Marathon occurred in 490BC.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 10Â Â Â The sewing machine was patented in 1846.
   (CFA, '96, p.54)
Sept. 11Â Â Â The birthday of O Henry.
   (CFA, '96, p.54)
Sept. 13Â Â Â Jesse Owens was born in 1913. He
was multi-gold medal winner at the 1936 Olympic games at
Berlin.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)(AHD, 1971, p.938)
Sept. 13Â Â Â The Battle of Quebec was fought in 1759.
   (CFA, '96, p.54)
      British troops bombard Ft.
McHenry, and Francis Scott Key composes the Star Spangled Banner in
1814.
      New York City was made the
capital of the US in 1788.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 14Â Â Â Dante died in 1321.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 15Â Â Â Greenpeace was founded in 1971.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 16Â Â Â Lt. Gen. Lord Charles Cornwallis directs
the sinking of a fleet of ships at Yorktown to block a French
landing and keep them out of enemy hands in 1781.
   (NG, 6/1988, p.806)
Sept. 16Â Â Â Independence Day in
Mexico.  Â
   (SFE, 9/16/96, p.A21)
Sept. 17 Â Â Â Union forces turn back the Confederate
army at Antietam in 1862.
   (SFE Mag., 2/12/95, p. 30)
      The US Constitution was
approved in 1787.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 18Â Â Â The US Air Force becomes a separate
service.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 19Â Â Â An earthquake hit Mexico City in 1985.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
  Â
Sept. 20Â Â Â The birthday of Alexander the Great.
   (CFA, '96, p.54)
      The Panic of 1873. A financial
panic hits the US when the high-flying bond dealer, Jay Cooke,
grants too many loans to the railroads.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)(WSJ, 2/27/95, p.A-10)
Sept. 21Â Â Â
Sept. 22Â Â Â The first all woman jury in the colonies
was in 1656.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 23Â Â Â The birthday of Caesar Augustus.
   (CFA, '96, p.54)
      Neptune was discovered in
1846.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 24Â Â Â F. Scott Fitzgerald was born in 1896.
[see 1896-1940, Fitzgerald]
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 25Â Â Â Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean in
1513.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 26Â Â Â The birthday of George Gershwin.
   (CFA, '96, p.54)
      The release of the Beatles
last album, Let It Be, was in 1969. Beatles Forever has the date as
May 1970.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)(Beatles Forever, 1995, p. 58)
Sept. 27Â Â Â The Warren Commission Report was
released. The Warren Commission announced that according to its
findings Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone as did Jack Ruby in the
assassination of Pres. John F. Kennedy.
   (WSJ, 5/17/95, p.A-18) (HFA, '96,
p.38)Â Â Â
Sept. 28Â Â Â California was discovered in 1542.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 29Â Â Â The first London "bobbies" appeared in
1829.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 30Â Â Â J.B. Aristide, elected President of
Haiti, was deposed by a military junta in 1991.
   (HFA, '96, p.38)
Â
OCTOBER
      Fighting and mating season for
the southern elephant seals.
   (NH, 5/96, p.70)
Oct. 1Â Â Â Â Â Â The first "Model T" Ford
was build in 1908.
   (CFA, '96, p.56)
      The Allies took Naples in
1943.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 3Â Â Â Â Â Â 18 US Rangers &
Delta Force specialists die in Somalia in 1993.
   (WSJ, 10/23/95, p.A-18)
      Gandhi was born in 1869.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 4Â Â Â Â Â Â The Russian White House
was shelled in 1993.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 5Â Â Â Â Â Â Native American Indian
Chief Joseph surrendered in 1877.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 6Â Â Â Â Â Â Egyptian and Syrian
forces attack Israel on Yom Kippur in 1973.
   (TL-MB, p.21)  Â
  Â
      [Egyptian Pres.] Anwar
Sadat, was assassinated in 1981.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 7Â Â Â Â Â Â
Oct. 8Â Â Â Â Â Â The Great Chicago Fire
began in 1871.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 9Â Â Â Â Â Â Uganda became
independent in 1962
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 10Â Â Â Â Â Â Giuseppi Verdi was born
in 1813. [see 1813-1901, Verdi]
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 11Â Â Â Â Â Â Columbus first saw the
New World in 1492. [some discrepancy here]
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 12Â Â Â Â Â Â Columbus sited an
island in the Bahamas now called Guanahani in 1492.
   (V.D.-H.K.p.176)
      The Magellan spacecraft
crashed into Venus in 1994.
   (TV, 10/17/95)
Oct 12, Â Â Â In Venezuela Pres. Chaves this day is
celebrated as Indigenous Resistance Day. Previously the holiday was
called Día de la Raza, commemorating the arrival of Christopher
Columbus to the Americas.
   (Econ, 1/17/09,
p.41)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Venezuela)
Oct. 13Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of
Margaret Thatcher.
   (CFA, '96, p.56)
      Boston was photographed from
the air in 1860.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 14Â Â Â Â Â Â Dwight D. Eisenhower
was born in 1890. [see 1890-1969, Eisenhower]
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 15Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of Virgil.
   (CFA, '96, p.56)
      Final tax deadline in the US
following extensions.
   (WSJ)
Oct. 16Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of Noah
Webster 1758-1843, American lexicographer.
   (CFA, '96, p.56)(AHD, 1971, p.1452)
      Tax deadline for written
acknowledgement of charitable gift of > $250.00
   (WSJ)
      Marie Antoinette was beheaded
in 1793.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 17Â Â Â Â Â Â A strong earthquake hit
San Francisco in 1989.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 18Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of Pierre
Trudeau.
   (CFA, '96, p.56)
      The first German War Crimes
Trial began in 1945.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 19Â Â Â Â Â Â Cornwallis surrenders
in 1781 and the American Revolution was won.
   (NG, 6/1988, p.808)  Â
      Don Cherry, jazz trumpeter
died in 1995.
   (WSJ, 10/23/95, p.A-1)
      General Sheridan retook Cedar
Creek in 1864.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 20Â Â Â Â Â Â
Oct. 22Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of Sarah
Bernhardt.
   (CFA, '96, p.56)
Oct 23Â Â Â Â Â Â The death of St. John of
Capistrano. Also the scheduled departure date for the swallows of
San Juan Capistrano.
   (HT, 3/97, p.63)
Oct. 24Â Â Â Â Â Â At the San Francisco
Conference chaired by the State Department's Alger Hiss, the United
Nations was born in 1945. [See 1945 June 26, UN charter signed in
SF]
   (CFA, '96, p.56)(TMC, 1994, p.1945)
      The United Nations organized a
cease fire for the Arab-Israeli War of 1973.
   (TL-MB, p.21)  Â
      Black Thursday on Wall Street
in 1929.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 25Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of Pablo
Picasso.
   (CFA, '96, p.56)
      The first female FBI agents in
1972.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 26Â Â Â Â Â Â The Erie Canal was
opened in 1825.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 27Â Â Â Â Â Â
Oct. 28Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of Jonas
Salk.
   (CFA, '96, p.56)
      The first US female ambassador
was appointed in 1949.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 29Â Â Â Â Â Â Turkey became a
Republic in 1923.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 30Â Â Â Â Â Â War of the Worlds was
broadcast in 1938.
   (HFA, '96, p.40)
 Oct 31,    Halloween is a festival of
Scottish-Irish origin held on All Hallows Eve, the night of October
31, the eve of All Saints Day. Elements of the customs associated
with Halloween can be traced to a Druid ceremony of pre-Christian
times. In Britain and Ireland, the Celtic festival of Samhain, the
god of the dead, was held November 1, the beginning of the Celtic
New Year. The occasion was celebrated with a fire festival, when
huge bonfires were set on hilltops to frighten away evil spirits.
This was the time to placate the supernatural powers controlling the
natural process. This was also thought to be the time most favorable
for divination concerning marriage, luck, health and death. This was
the only day the devil’s help was invoked for such purposes.
When the Romans conquered Britain in the first century A.D., their
fall harvest festival, Poloma Day, mixed with the traditions of
Samhain to form a major fall festival at the end of October. After
the spread of Christianity through the west, the Roman Catholic
Church in 835 A.D. made November 1 a church holiday to honor all the
saints. This celebration was called All Saint's Day or All Hallows
and the day before it--October 31--was called All Hallow's Eve. The
Halloween celebrated today includes all these influences. In the
11th century November 2 was specified as All Soul’s Day to honor the
souls of the dead, particularly those who had died the preceding
year.
In Europe, during medieval times and later, elves, fairies and
witches (who occasionally took the shape of cats) were believed to
fly on All Hallows Eve, and bonfires were lit to ward off these
spirits. Laughing bands of guisers (young people disguised in
grotesque masks) carved lanterns from turnips and carried them
through the villages. Halloween was also a time for games and
rituals involving methods of foretelling the future. Through such
methods as apple paring thrown over the shoulder or nuts burned in
the fire, young people tried to determine their marital prospects.
Immigrants to the United States, particularly Irish, introduced
secular Halloween costumes which became popular in the 19th century.
The Irish belief that fairies and elves played pranks on Halloween
led boys and young men to carry out practical jokes, such as putting
a buggy on a roof, overturning sheds and outhouses and breaking
windows. Property damage was sometimes severe. In the 20th century,
Halloween came to be observed mainly by small children, who dress in
costume and proceed from house to house demanding "trick or treat,"
but a trick is rarely played and--remember--a treat always given.
   (Historynet, 10/31/98)(HNPD, 10/31/98)
Â
NOVEMBER
Nov 1Â Â Â Â Â Â All Hallows or All Saints
Day.
   (HFA, '96, p.18,42)
Nov 2Â Â Â Â Â Â Marie Antoinette was born
in 1755. [see 1755-1793, M. Antoinete]
   (CFA, '96, p.58)
      The first radio station was
set up in 1920.
   (CFA, '96, p.58)
      All Souls Day, the birthday of
Daniel Boone, born 1734.
   (HFA, '96, p.18,42)
      South Dakota became the 40th
US state in 1889.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 3Â Â Â Â Â Â There was a Revolution in
Panama in 1903.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 4Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of Will
Rogers, born in 1879.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)
      Walter Cronkite’s (b.1916)
birthday. In 1981 he won the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He
anchored the evening news on CBS from 1961-1981.
   (SFEC, 11/10/96, zone 1 p.3)
      The US Embassy was taken over
by Iranian students in 1979.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 5Â Â Â Â Â Â Guy Fawkes day. After
persuasion on the rack in the White Tower of London, confessed to
trying to blow up Parliament in the Gunpowder Plot of 1605
   (NG, V184, No. 4, Oct. 1993, p. 54) (HFA, '96,
p.18)Â Â Â
Nov 6Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of John
Philip Sousa.
   (CFA, '96, p.58)
      Tchaikovsky died in 1893.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)
      The Tammany Hall officials
lost in 1894. [see 1894, Nov 6, Tammany Hall]
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 7Â Â Â Â Â Â Lewis and Clark reached
the Pacific Ocean in 1805.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
      The birthday of Madame Curie
in 1867.
   (CFA, '96, p.58)(AHD, p.323)
      The Canadian Pacific Railroad
reaches the Pacific Ocean in 1885.
   (CFA, '96, p.58)
      The Russian Revolution of
1917.
   (CFA, '96, p.58)
      Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in
1941.
   (CFA, '96, p.60)
Nov 8Â Â Â Â Â Â Montana became the 41st
state in 1889.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)
      Roentgen discovered X-rays in
1895.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)  Â
     Â
Nov 9Â Â Â Â Â Â Kristallnacht in Germany
in 1938.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)
      A major power failure hits the
East Coast of the US in 1965.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 10Â Â Â Â Â Â Stanley found Livingston
in 1871.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)  Â
      The US Marine Corps was
established in 1775.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)  Â
     Â
Nov 11Â Â Â Â Â Â Armistice was signed in
1918 [end of World War I]. The Germans gave up and World War I
ended. Timed for the 11th hr. of the 11th day of the 11th month.
   (V.D.-H.K.p.268,291)(CFA, '96, p.58)(SFC,
11/9/96, p.A16)
      Veteran's Day.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)
      Washington became the 42nd
state in 1889.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)
Nov 12Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of Sun
Yat-Sen, born (trad) in 1866.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)
      Princess Grace was born in
1929. [Grace Kelly, movie star]
   (HFA, '96, p. 42)
      The San Francisco Bay Bridge
opened in 1936. It cost $78 million and was the longest bridge ever
attempted.
   (SFC, 11/11/96, p.A13)
Nov 13   Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894),
author of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, "Treasure Island" and many other
books was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. "Robert Louis Stevenson:
Interviews and Recollections" was ed. by R.C. Terry and published in
1996.
   (Smith., 8/95, p.54)(SFC, 9/1/96, Par. p.12)
Nov 13Â Â Â Â Â Â The first US
African-American mayor was elected. Carl Stokes became the first
black US mayor of a major US city.
   (HFA, '96, p. 42) (TMC, 1994, p.1967)
Nov 13Â Â Â Â Â Â In 1995 a US facility in
Saudi Arabia was bombed. The explosion shattered the Saudi National
Guard training center, and killed 5 Americans and 2 Indians. Four
Saudi citizens were beheaded on May 31, 1996 for the bombing.
   (SFC, 6/1/96, p.A12)
Nov 14Â Â Â Â Â Â The first blood
transfusion was performed in 1666.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
      Mamie Doud Eisenhower (b.Nov
14, 1896-1979), wife of former Pres. “Ike” Eisenhower.
   (SFEC, 11/17/96, p.C14)
      The birthday of Prince
Charles.
   (CFA, '96, p.58)
      The Dow Jones first tops 1000
in 1972.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)
      The birthday of Robert Fulton.
   (CFA, '96, p.58)  Â
  Â
Nov 15Â Â Â Georgia O'Keefe was born on this day in
1887 and died in 1986.
   (HFA, '96, p.42) (SFC, 5/12/96, p.T-7)
      Brazil became a republic in
1889.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)  Â
     Â
Nov 16Â Â Â Skylab IV was launched in 1973.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)
      Oklahoma became the 46th US
state in 1907.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 17Â Â Â The Suez Canal was opened in 1869.
   (CFA, '96, p.58)
Nov 18Â Â Â The US established universal time zones in
1883.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)
      The Battle of Vertieres was in
1803.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 19Â Â Â The birthday of James A. Garfield
(1831-1881), the 20th Pres. of the US. He was assassinated in July
by Charles J. Guiteau, who wished to be appointed consul to France.
   (CFA, '96, p.58)(WUD, 1994, p.584)(A&IP, ESM,
p.96b, photo,110)
2012Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 19, World Toilet Day.
It was created in 2001 to raise global awareness of the daily
struggle for proper sanitation.
   (Econ, 11/24/12,
p.68)(http://www.worldtoiletday.org/)
Nov 20Â Â Â Â Â Â Elizabeth II married
Phillip in 1947.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 21Â Â Â Â Â Â The Alaska-Canadian
Highway was opened in 1942.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 21, World Television Day. The UN General Assembly proclaimed 21
November as World Television Day (through resolution 51/205 of 17
December 1996).
   (Econ, 11/24/12,
p.68)(http://www.un.org/en/events/televisionday/)
Nov 22Â Â Â Â Â Â Jack London, writer,
died of a kidney disease in 1916. He had written 50 books that
included “Call of the Wild” and “White Fang.”
   (SFC, 11/20/96, p.A17)
      Trans-Pacific mail service was
established in 1935.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)
      The assassination of John F.
Kennedy was in 1963.
   (PBS radio)     Â
Nov 23Â Â Â Â Â Â Billy the Kid was born
in 1859. William H. Bonney, US outlaw, 1859-1881. A ballet titled
Billy the Kid by Aaron Copland was written in 1938.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)(WUD, 1994, p.148)
Nov 24Â Â Â Â Â Â The US left the
Philippines in 1992.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)
      Louis Malle, French film
director, died of Lymphoma in 1995.
   (WSJ, 11/27/95, p.A-1)
      "The Battle Above the Clouds"
began in 1863.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 25Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of Andrew
Carnegie.
   (CFA, '96, p.58)
      The 55 mph speed limit was
imposed in 1973.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 26Â Â Â Â Â Â The first Thanksgiving
Day was in 1789.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 27Â Â Â Â Â Â Chaim Weizmann was born
in 1874. He was an Israeli chemist and Zionist leader and the first
president of Israel from 1948-1952.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)(WUD, 1994, p.1619)
Nov 28Â Â Â Â Â Â William Blake, English
artist-printer, was born in London in 1757.
   (LS MAG, Spring 1995, p.17)
Nov 29Â Â Â Â Â Â The Czechs end Communist
rule in 1989.
   (HFA, '96, p.18)
      Admiral Byrd flew over the
South Pole in 1929. He had flown over the north pole on 1926 with
Floyd Bennett.
   (HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 30Â Â Â The birthday of Winston
Churchill.   (CFA, '96, p.58)  Â
      Mark Twain was born in 1835.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
DECEMBER
Dec. 1Â Â Â Â Â Â The National Day of
Romania.
   (WSJ, 11/6/95, p.B-8F)
      Iceland became independent in
1918.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
      Rosa Parks was arrested in
1955.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
      The United Arab Emirates was
formed in 1971.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)  Â
     Â
Dec. 2Â Â Â Â Â Â John Brown was hanged in
1859.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 3Â Â Â Â Â Â Illinois became the 21st
state of the US in 1818.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
      Robert Louis Stevenson died on
this day in 1894.
   (Smith., 8/95, p.53)
      The Bhopal poison gas disaster
was in 1984.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 4Â Â Â Â Â Â Thomas Carlyle, English
essayist and historian, was born in 1795.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)(AHD, p.204)
      The National Grange was
founded in 1867. It was a US lodge for promoting the interests of
agriculture.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)(WUD, 1994, p.615)
Dec. 5Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of Walt
Disney.
   (CFA, '96, p.60)
      Columbus discovered Haiti in
1492.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
      The US Montgomery Bus Boycott
began in 1955.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 6Â Â Â Â Â Â The Halifax Disaster
occurred in 1917.
   (CFA, '96, p.60)
      Quito, Ecuador, was founded in
1534.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
      St. Nicholas day in Turkey.
   (WSJ, 8/31/98, p.B1)
Dec. 7Â Â Â Pearl Harbor was bombed in 1941.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec 7, International Civil Aviation Day. In 1996 the UN General
Assembly proclaimed December 7 as International Civil Aviation Day.
  Â
(www.timeanddate.com/holidays/un/international-civil-aviation-day)(Econ,
11/24/12, p.68)
Dec. 8Â Â Â Â Â Â The birthday of Eli
Whitney [inventor of the cotton gin, see 1765-1825].
   (CFA, '96, p.60)
      The birthday of Mario Savio
(1943-1996), founder of the Berkeley Free Speech Movement in 1964.
   (SFC, 11/7/96, p.A15)
Dec 9, Â Â Â Int’l. Anti-Corruption Day. On 31 October
2003, the General Assembly adopted the United Nations Convention
against Corruption and requested that the Secretary-General
designate the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) as
secretariat for the Convention’s Conference of States Parties
(resolution 58/4).Â
   (Econ, 12/15/12,
p.61)(www.un.org/en/events/anticorruptionday/)
Dec 9Â Â Â The Convention on Genocide was in 1948.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 10Â Â Â Missouri became the 20th state of the US
in 1817.
    (HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 11Â Â Â The first airplane flight occurs in 1903.
   (CFA, '96, p.60)
Dec 11Â Â Â Roald Amundson, Norwegian explorer, reaches
the South Pole in 1911.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)(AHD, p.45)
Dec 11Â Â Â Edward VIII abdicated from his British
Kingship in 1936.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)(WUD, 1994, p. 454)
Dec 11, Â Â Â International Mountain Day. In 2002 the
UN General Assembly adopted resolution 57/245 designating 11
December as International Mountain Day.
   (Econ, 11/24/12, p.68)
Dec. 13Â Â Â The birthday of Heinrich Heine, German
poet, born in 1797.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
      Kenya became a republic in
1963.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 14Â Â Â George Washington died in 1799. [see
1732-1799, Washington]
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
      Ice hockey originated in 1855.
   (CFA, '96, p.60)
Dec. 15Â Â Â The Dictatorship in Chile ends in 1989.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
      The US Bill of Rights took
effect in 1791.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 16Â Â Â The birthday of Ludwig von Beethoven in
1770. [see 1770-1827]
   (CFA, '96, p.60)
      The Boston Tea Party was held
in 1773.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
      The Battle of Nashville [US
Civil War] in 1864.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
Dec. 17Â Â Â The Aztec calendar was discovered in 1790.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
      Simon Bolivar died in 1830.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
Dec. 18Â Â Â Antonio Stradivari, the great violin maker
died in 1737. [see 1737]
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
      Slavery was abolished in the
US in 1865 with the 13th Amendment.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)(V.D.-H.K.p.276)
Dec. 19Â Â Â 4,000 Indians are killed at Wakefield,
Rhode Island in 1675.
   (Postcard, Wakefield Chamber of Commerce)
      Thomas Paine's The Crises was
printed in 1776.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
      The US invaded Panama in 1989.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)  Â
     Â
Dec. 20   In an official ceremony the French
turn Louisiana over to the US in 1803.
   (CO, Grolier's, 11/10/95)
      Settlers set sail for
Jamestown in 1606.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 21Â Â Â The birthday of Joseph Stalin in 1879.
[see 1879-1953]
   (CFA, '96, p.60)(AHD, p.1255)
      The Pan-American Flight # 103
explosion in 1988..
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
      The Mayflower reached Plymouth
in 1620.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec 22Â Â Â The first commander of the US Navy was
named in 1775.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
      The first gorilla born in
captivity in 1956.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
Dec 23   The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was
passed.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
      Hideki Tojo was hanged in
1948. He was the Prime Minister and dictator of Japan in World War
II.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)(AHD, p.1351)
   Festivus, or the “Festival for the Rest of Us”
was made famous by an episode of Seinfeld on Dec 18, 1997. It came
to be celebrated on Dec 23.
  Â
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festivus)Â Â Â
     Â
Dec 24Â Â Â The birthday of Ignatius Loyola. [see
1491-1556, Loyola]
   (CFA, '96, p.60)
      Gruber wrote Silent Night in
1818.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec 25,   Christmas is the festival celebrating the
birth of Christ and is observed in most countries on December 25.
Christmas is sometimes called Yule (from the Anglo-Saxon) or Noel
(from the French). Christian churches throughout the world hold
special services on Christmas Day to give thanks for the birth of
Christ. In addition to religious observances, Christmas is a time of
merrymaking and feasting. North American customs are a combination
of those of the various European countries from which the original
settlers came. On Christmas Eve children hang stockings for Santa
Claus to fill with gifts. The Christmas tree, usually an evergreen,
was first used in Germany. Topped with a star or spire and decorated
with colored lights and shiny ornaments, the tree plays an important
part in the celebration. Mistletoe was sacred to the Druids, priests
of ancient Britain and Gaul. The Norse used holly and the Yule log
to keep away evil spirits. Gifts were exchanged during the Roman
celebration of the Saturnalia, a feast to the god Saturn.
Gift-giving came to symbolize the gifts brought to the Christ Child
by the Magi. The most popular Christmas legend however, is that of
Santa Claus, whose name came from Saint Nicholas, the patron saint
of children. Many of the qualities that Santa Claus is known for
came from Clement C. Moore's poem "A Visit From St. Nicholas."
   (HN, 12/25/99)
Dec 25, Â Â Â Christmas was made a federal holiday in
the US on June 26, 1870.
  Â
(www.thehistoryofchristmas.com/ch/in_america.htm)(Econ, 12/15/12,
p.34)
Dec 25Â Â Â Samuel Champlain died in 1635.
   (CFA, '96, p.60)
      Isaac Newton was born in 1642.
[see 1642-1727, Newton]
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
      Romanian dictator Ceausescu
was executed in 1989.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
      Dean Martin, singer, comedian,
actor, died in 1995. He was 78.
   (WSJ, 12/26/95, p. A-1)
Dec. 26Â Â Â National Whiner's Day.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
      Mao Tse Tung was born in 1893.
[see 1893-1976, Mao]
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec 27Â Â Â The birthday of Johannes Kepler. [see
1571-1630]
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
      The birthday of Louis Pasteur.
[see 1822-1895, Pasteur]
   (CFA, '96, p.60)
      Radio City Music Hall was
opened in 1932.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec 28Â Â Â The first Poor Richard's Almanac was
published in 1732.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
      80,000 people died in the
Messina, Sicily, earthquake of 1908.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)(WUD, 1994, p.899)
Dec 29,   St. Thomas of Canterbury was killed in
1170.
   (HFA, '96, p.20)
      The birthday of William
Gladstone (1809-1898), British statesman and four times Prime
Minister from 1868-1894.
   (CFA, '96, p.60)(AHD, p.559)
      The Massacre at Wounded Knee
was in 1890. [The Sioux Chief, Sitting Bull, was killed in a fight
with US troops on Dec. 15, 1890 according to the WUD.]
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
2011Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 30, At midnight on Dec
29 Samoa leaped to Dec 31 to align itself with trading partners. For
the country’s 186,000 citizens, Dec 30, 2011 will simply not exist.
   (SFC, 12/29/11, p.A2)
Dec 31Â Â Â Â Â Â Stalin’s 70th birthday
in 1949 was the occasion for a world-wide Communist celebration.
Several Stalin “Peace prizes” were announced as part of the Soviet
“peace offensive” of the cold war.
   (EWH, 1968, p.1197)
Dec 31Â Â Â The Nation of Czechoslovakia officially
ended with division into two Nations: Slovakia and the Czech
Republic in 1992.
   (HFA, '96, p.44)
Â
Chinese Calendar
2010Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 14, This day marked a
new year according to the Chinese calendar, as it moved from the
reign of the Ox to the year of the Tiger. The Chinese calendar is
thought to have been formulated around 500 BC, though elements of it
date back at least to the Shang Dynasty at around 1,000 BC.
  Â
(http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/yearofthetigerallaboutthechinesezodiac)
JEWISH CALENDAR
   The Jewish calendar is lunisolar and used to
determine religious holidays. It is reckoned from 3761BC and was
established by Hillel II in the 4th century AD.
   (WUD, 1994, p. 767)
Tishri      = the 1st month. The
beginning of the civil year.
Heshvan
Kislev
Tebet
Shebat
Adar
Nisan      = The 7th month. the
beginning of the ecclesiastical year.
Iyar
Sivan
Tammuz   = The 10th month corresponding to part of
June and July.
   (HFA, '96, p.32)
Ab
Elul
Veadar   = A 29 day intercalary month added 7 times
in every 19-year cycle in order to adjust the calendar to the solar
cycle. The ecclesiastical year begins with Nisan and the civil year
with Tishri.
Mayan Calendar:
Each of the 20 named days in the Maya calendar was essentially
deified.
End of file