Timeline Nobel
Prizes
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Nobel Prize site: http://www.almaz.com/nobel/nobel.html
1895 Nov 27,
Alfred Nobel, explosives magnate, signed his last will and testament
at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, setting aside his estate to
establish the Nobel Prize after his death (see Dec 10, 1896).
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895)
1896 Dec 10, Alfred Nobel (63),
Swedish Nobel Prize ceremony on this date, died. By the time of his
death Nobel had acquired a massive fortune. In his will, he left
instructions that the bulk of his estate should endow the annual
Nobel prizes for those who had most contributed to the areas of
physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace. In 1968, a sixth
award for economics was established [see Nov 27, 1895]. The
Nobel Peace Prize is therefore awarded on December 10. The first of
the Nobel Prizes was presented in 1901 according to instructions in
his will. At his death he was one of the richest men in the world,
he also felt it would be wrong to leave his fortune to relatives.
"Inherited wealth is a misfortune which merely serves to dull man's
faculties." Nobel wished the Peace Prize to be administered in
Norway.
(HNPD, 10/21/98)(AP,
12/10/06)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize)
1901 Henry Dunant (1828-1910),
Swiss businessman, won the 1st Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in
establishing the Int’l. Red Cross and the First Geneva Convention
covering treatment of those wounded in war. The prize was shared
with Frederic Passy (1822-1912), French economist, for his efforts
toward international peace.
(ON, 4/08,
p.12)(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1901/passy-bio.html)
1901 Jacobus Henricus van't
Hoff won the first Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on the
relationship of volume, pressure and temperature in gases which
became known as van't Hoff's Law. The 1st Nobel Banquet was held at
the Grand Hotel in Stockholm for 118 male guests.
(SFC, 6/30/99, p.C2)
1901 Sully Prudhomme won the
1st Nobel Prize in literature.
(SFC, 10/10/01, p.B8)
1901 Wilhelm Konrad von
Röntgen (1845-1923) won the Nobel in Physics.
(HN, 3/27/99)(MC, 2/10/02)(MC, 3/27/02)
1901 Emil von Behring (b.1854)
was the first recipient of the Nobel Prize for medicine.
(HN, 3/15/99)
1902 Pieter Zeeman (b.1865),
Dutch physicist (Zeeman effect), won the Nobel Prize.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1902 Ronald Ross (1857-1932),
an English physician, won the Nobel Prize for his work on malaria.
His story is part of the 1997 novel "The Calcutta Chromosome: A
Novel of Fevers, Delirium and Discovery" by Amitav Ghosh. In 2003
Fiammetta Rocco authored "The Miraculous Fever Tree: Malaria and the
Quest for a Cure That Changed the World."
(WUD, 1994, p.1245)(SFEC,10/26/97, BR p.8)(WSJ,
8/26/03, p.D5)
1902 Emil Fischer won the Nobel
Prize in Chemistry. He is considered as the founder of the science
of carbohydrate chemistry.
(SFC, 10/24/03, p.E4)
1903 Svante Arrhenius
(1859-1927), Swedish scientist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
(http://tinyurl.com/lxu4w)
1903 Bjornstjerne Martinus
Bjornson won the Nobel Prize in literature.
(SFC, 10/10/01, p.B8)
1903 Randal Cremer (b.1838),
British trade unionist, pacifist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 3/18/02)
1903 Pierre and Marie Curie won
the Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery of radioactivity.
(SSFC, 11/28/04, p.4)
1904 Frederic Mistral, French
poet (d. 1914), won the Noble Prize.
(MC, 3/25/02)
1904 Ivan P. Pavlov (d.1936),
Russian physiologist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 2/27/02)
1905 J.F.W. Adolf Ritter von
Baeyer (b.1835), German chemist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
(MC, 10/31/01)
1905 Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish
author, won the Nobel Prize and wrote the third work of his trilogy
"With Fire and Sword." It was preceded by "Pan Michael" and "The
Deluge." The first 2 books were made into films during the 1960s and
1970s. Filming of the 3rd work began in 1997.
(SFC,11/18/97, p.E2)(SFC, 7/8/99, p.E3)
1905 Robert Koch (b.1843),
German physician, bacteriologist, and medical researcher, won a
Nobel Prize in Medicine.
(HN, 12/11/00)(MC, 12/11/01)
1905 Bertha Kinsky von Sutner
became the first woman to win a Nobel Peace Prize. She had founded
European pacifist organizations with her husband, Artur,
(SFEM, 1/25/98, p.28)
1906 Dec 10, President Theodore
Roosevelt became the first American to be awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize, for helping mediate an end to the Russo-Japanese War. This
was the first Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 12/10/97)(SFC, 9/29/99, p.C3)
1906 Joseph John Thomson
(b.1856), English physicist, won a Nobel Prize for his discovery of
the electron.
(MC, 12/18/01)
1908 Paul Ehrlich (d.1915),
German genealogist, won the Nobel Prize for his work in
Chemotherapy.
(MC, 8/20/02)
1909 Guglielmo Marconi
(1874-1937), Italian engineer, won the Nobel Prize for physics for
his invention of wireless telegraphy.
(ON, 11/99, p.10)(MC, 7/20/02)
1910 Otto Wallach (d.1931),
German chemist, won the Nobel Prize.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1911 Maurice Maeterlinck
(1862-1949), Belgian poet, dramatist, and essayist, won the Nobel
Prize in Literature.
(WUD, 1994, p.861)
1911 Wilhelm K.W. Wien
(b.1864), German physicist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 1/13/02)
1911 Marie Curie won the Nobel
Prize in Physics for the isolation of the elements polonium and
radium.
(SSFC, 11/28/04, p.4)
1912 Alexis Carrel (b.1873),
French surgeon and biologist, won a Nobel Prize for the development
of blood vessel suture technique.
(HN, 6/28/99)(MC, 6/28/02)
1912 Gerhart Hauptmann
(b.1862), German author (Before Dawn) won the Nobel Prize in
Literature.
(MC, 11/15/01)
1912 US Sec. of State Elihu
Root won the Nobel Peace Prize.
(SSFC, 8/15/04, p.D11)
1913 Charles Richet (b.1850),
French physiologist, won the Noble Prize for his work on
anaphylaxis.
(MC, 8/26/02)
1914 No Nobel Prizes were
given.
(SFC, 10/10/01, p.B8)
1914 Theodore William Richards
(1868-1928), chemist, won the Nobel Prize.
(WUD, 1994 p.1231)(MC, 1/31/02)
1917 Dec 10, The Nobel Peace
Prize was awarded to the International Red Cross.
(HN, 12/10/98)
1917 Karl Gjellerup (b.1857),
Danish poet, novelist won the Nobel Prize.
(SC, 6/2/02)
1918 Fritz Haber (1868-1934),
German chemist, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for extracting
ammonia from nitrogen in 1909. The Haber-Bosch process was
beneficial for food production and explosives. Haber also helped
develop poison gas during WW I.
(WSJ, 12/8/00, p.W11)(SSFC, 8/7/05, p.C6)
1919 US Pres. Woodrow Wilson
won the Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 10/9/09)
1920 Nov 20, The Nobel Peace
Prize was awarded to US president W. Wilson.
(MC, 11/20/01)
1920 Knut Hamsun (1859-1952),
Norwegian writer, won the Nobel Prize in literature for his work
"The Growth of the Soil."
(Econ, 11/7/09, p.79)
1920 Leon Bourgeois (b.1851),
French premier (1895-96) won the Nobel Peace Prize.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1921 Frederick Soddy (b.1877)
received the Nobel prize for chemistry.
(HN, 9/2/98)
1921 Anatole France (d.1924),
French satiric master, won the Nobel Prize in Literature. His books
included “Thais” (1890), “Penguin Island” (1908) and “Revolt of the
Angels” (1914).
(WSJ, 2/20/96,
p.A-14)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_France)
1921 Carlos Chagas (1879-1934),
a Brazilian doctor, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his 1909
discovery of how a single cell parasite carried by insects
transmitted a disease (Chagas disease) to sleeping victims.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Chagas)(Econ, 4/11/09, p.36)
1922 Jacinto Benavente y
Martinez (b.1866), Spanish dramatist, won the Nobel Prize.
(SC, 8/12/02)
1922 Otto Meyerhof (1884-1951),
German doctor, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his discovery of
the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the
metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle.
(http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1922/meyerhof-bio.html)
1922 Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian
Arctic explorer (1893-1896), was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
(ON, 7/05, p.5)
1923 John J.R. Macleod
(d.1935), Scottish-Canadian physiologist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 3/16/02)
1923 Robert A. Millikan
(b.1868), US physicist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 3/22/02)
1924 Oct 24, Nobel prize for
physiology and medicine was awarded to W. Einthoven.
(MC, 10/24/01)
1925 American vice president
Charles Gates Dawes (d.1951) was awarded the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize
along with Sir Austen Chamberlin. Dawes, vice president to Calvin
Coolidge from 1925-1929, was the chief author of the 1923 Dawes Plan
for German financial reconstruction after the First World War.
Dawes, who was born in 1885 in Marietta, Ohio, was named the first
director of the U.S. Bureau of the Budget in 1921 and was ambassador
to Great Britain from 1929-32.
(HNQ, 6/25/98)
1925 George Bernard Shaw
(1856-1850), Irish-born, English dramatist, critic and social
reformer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(V.D.-H.K.p.237)(HN, 7/26/98)(AP, 3/15/00)(MC,
7/26/02)
1926 Aristide Briand (d.1932),
11-time premier of France, won a Nobel Prize.
(MC, 3/7/02)
1926 Johannes Fibiger won a
Nobel Prize for supposedly finding the cause of cancer.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)
1929 Frank Kellogg (b.1856),
Secretary of State (1925-29), won the Nobel Peace Prize. He tried to
outlaw war with the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
(HN, 12/22/98)(AP, 10/9/09)
1930 Nov 5, Sinclair Lewis
(1885-1951) became the first American to win a Nobel Prize in
Literature for his 1922 novel "Babbit."
(TMC, 1994, p.1930)(HNQ, 5/18/98)
1931 Dec 10, Jane Addams became
a co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, for her efforts as the
president of the Women’s International league for Peace and Freedom.
She was the first American woman so honored. She was also known for
her work as a social reformer and pacifist, and founded the Hull
House in Chicago. The co-recipient was Nicholas Murray Butler.
(HN, 9/6/98)(WSJ, 1/2/02, p.A16)(AP, 12/10/06)
1931 Dec 10, Nicholas Murray
Butler (1862-1947), presidential advisor and president of Columbia
Univ. (1902-1945), was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on
behalf of the Briand Kellogg Pact (1929), a treaty that denounced
war as an instrument of national policy. In 2006 Michael Rosenthal
authored “Nicholas Miraculous,” a biography Butler.
(SSFC, 8/15/04, p.D11)(WSJ, 1/25/06, p.D10)
1931 Karl Bosch (b.1874),
German chemist (BASF), received the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 8/27/02)
1931 Friedrich C.R. Bergius
(d.1949 at 64), chemist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 3/30/02)
1932 Nov 2, Melvin Schwartz,
physicist, was born. He won the Nobel Prize for work on neutrinos.
(HN, 11/2/00)
1932 John Galsworthy
(1867-1933), English novelist and dramatist, won the Nobel Prize for
Literature.
(WUD, 1994, p.581)
1932 Werner C. Heisenberg
(1901-1976), Germany physicist, won the Nobel Prize in physics.
(SFC, 2/7/02,
p.A2)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg)
1933 Sir Norman Angell
(1872-1967), English journalist, won the Nobel Peace Prize. He was
knighted in 1931. From 1928-1931 he had served on the Council of the
Royal Institute of International Affairs, was an executive for the
World Committee against War and Fascism, a member of the executive
committee of the League of Nations Union, and the president of the
Abyssinia Association.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell)
1934 Dec 10, Harold C. Urey
(1893-1981), US chemist, was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry
for his work with deuterium.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1934/urey-bio.html)
1934 Luigi Pirandello
(b.1867), Italian playwright (Six Characters in Search of an
Author), won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(HN, 6/28/01)(MC, 6/28/02)
1934 The Nobel Prize in
Medicine and Physiology was awarded to Drs. George R. Minot
(1885-1950), William P. Murphy and George H. Whipple for curing
pernicious anemia with liver extract in 1926.
(Smith., May. 1995, p.14)(WUD, 1994 p.913)
1935 [Jean] Frederic
Joliot-Curie (b.1900), French physicist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 3/19/02)
1936 Oct 16, Eugene O'Neill
(1888-1953) of the US won the Nobel Prize in Literature "for the
power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which
embody an original concept of tragedy." His work includes "A Long
Day's Journey Into Night" and "The Iceman Cometh."
(HN,
10/16/00)(www.nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/index.html)
1936 Oct, Dutch-born Peter
Debye (1884-1966), won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his studies
on the structure of molecules. In 1938, as Chairman of the German
Physical Society, he had a letter sent out under his name requesting
that the domestic Jewish members voluntarily resign. In 1940 he
moved to the US. In 2006 he emerged in a book, "Albert Einstein in
the Netherlands." which contained evidence of pro-Nazi actions. In
2008 the Terlouw Committee, appointed by the Dutch Ministry of
Education, reviewed the allegations and issued its report clearly
stating that Debye was neither a Nazi collaborator nor a Nazi
sympathizer.
(AP, 3/3/06)(http://piurl.com/5F)
1936 Nov 24, Pacifist and
anti-fascist writer Carl Von Ossietzky, sent to a concentration
camp, was awarded Nobel Peace Prize.
(MC, 11/24/01)
1937 Roger Martin du Guard
(b.1881), French novelist, won the Nobel Prize.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1938
Nov 10, Pearl Buck (1892-1973), pen-name of Pearl Walsh, née
Sydenstricker, received the Nobel for literature for her rich and
truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China (“The Good Earth”),
and for her biographical masterpieces.
(http://nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/1938/index.html)
1938 Gertrude Stein led a
campaign to award the Nobel Peace Prize to Adolf Hitler. Stein was
also a close friend of Bernard Fey, who collaborated with the Nazis
and was named by Hitler as head of the French national library in
Paris. Fey was convicted of war crimes after WW II.
(SFC, 6/9/96, Z1 p.5)
1939 Nov 9, Nobel for physics
was awarded to Ernest O. Lawrence for his work on the cyclotron.
(MC, 11/9/01)
1939 Adolf Butenandt (b.1903),
biochemist, won the Nobel Prize.
(HN, 3/24/01)(MC, 3/24/02)
1940-1943 No Nobel Prizes were given.
(SFC, 10/10/01, p.B8)
1944 Nov 9, Red Cross won the
Nobel peace prize.
(MC, 11/9/01)
1944 Isidore Isaac Rabi was
awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his resonance method for
recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei.
(http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1944a.html)
1944 Otto Hahn 1944 was awarded
the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on nuclear fission. During
WW II physicist Lisa Meitner (1878-1968), while in hiding from
Hitler in Sweden, analyzed and understood for its significance the
work of Hahn.
(MT, 10/94, letters, p.10)
1944 Dr. Joseph Erlanger
(b.1874) won the Nobel Prize for his work in shock therapy.
(MC, 1/5/02)
1945 Nov 12, Cordell Hull
(d.1955) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in founding
the United Nations. Hull served as secretary of state in the
Franklin Roosevelt Administration (1933-1944) longer than any other
individual. Hull, born in Tennessee in 1871, had been a U.S. senator
prior to his appointment by Roosevelt.
(HNQ, 7/6/98)(MC, 11/12/01)
1945 Sir Alexander Fleming was
awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his codiscovery of
penicillin along with Ernst B. Chain (b.1908), German chemist,
bacteriologist, and Dr. Howard Florey, who found Fleming's paper in
1938 and began clinical trials.
(WUD, 1994, p.542)(SFC, 1/19/04, p.B4)
1945 Wolfgang Pauli (b.1900),
Austrian-born physicist, received the Nobel prize.
(SS, 4/25/02)
1946 Emily Greene Balch
(1867-1961), American lawyer, share the Nobel Peace Prize with John
Raleigh Mott. Balch helped in one way or another with many projects
of the League of Nations - among them, disarmament, the
internationalization of aviation, drug control, the participation of
the United States in the affairs of the League.
(AP,
10/9/09)(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1946/balch-bio.html)
1946 John Raleigh Mott
(1865-1955), organizer (YMCA), shared the Nobel Peace Prize with
Emily Greene Balch.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1946/mott-bio.html)
1946 Wendell M. Stanley and
John H. Northrup of UC Berkeley won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Northrop (b.1891), US biochemist, won for his work on crystallized
enzymes.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)
1946 Hermann Hesse (1877-1962),
Swiss-born German philosopher poet and author, was awarded the Nobel
Prize in literature "for his inspired writings which, growing in
boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian
ideals and high qualities of style."
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1946/)
1947 Gerty Cori (1896-1957),
Prague-born American biochemist, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
(AP,
10/5/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerty_Cori)
1948 Nov 4, T.S. Eliot won the
Nobel Prize for literature.
(MC, 11/4/01)
1948 Paul Hermann Muller
(d.1965), a Geigy pesticide researcher in Switzerland, won the Noble
Prize in medicine for his 1939 synthesis of DDT.
(ON, 11/01, p.6)
1949 W.F. Giague of UC Berkeley
won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in chemical
thermodynamics.
(TOH, 1982, p.1949)(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)
1949 William Faulkner
(1897-1962), American novelist, was awarded the Nobel Prize for
Literature. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1955.
(TOH, 1982, p.1949)(HNQ, 10/29/01)
1949 Portuguese neurologist
Antonio Egas Moniz (1874-1955) won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for
his pioneering work in prefrontal brain lobotomy (1936). It was
later rejected as a valid medical technique.
(SFEC,11/2/97, Z1 p.6)(WUD, 1994, p.925)(SFC,
10/8/01, p.A17)
1949 Hediki Yukawa (b.1907),
Japanese physicist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 1/23/02)
1950 Dec 10, Dr. Ralph J.
Bunche (b.1904) became the first African-American to receive the
Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 12/10/97)(HN, 12/10/98)
1950 Two doctors at the Mayo
Clinic were awarded the Nobel Prize for isolating cortisone to treat
rheumatoid arthritis. Edward Kendall, chemist, won a Nobel Prize for
isolating cortisone.
(SFC, 7/5/96, PM, p.5)(MC, 3/8/02)
1950 Bertrand Russell,
mathematician and philosopher, won the Nobel Prize for literature.
(WUD, 1994, p.1255)
1951 Nov 16, Glenn T. Seaborg
(1912-1999) and Edwin McMillan (1907-1991) of UC shared the Nobel
Prize in Chemistry for their discoveries in the chemistry of
transuranium elements beginning with plutonium, the first element
ever known to be heavier than uranium. In 1974 Seaborg co-discovered
element 106, named seaborgium.
(SFC, 10/6/98, p.A22)(SFC, 2/27/99, p.A17)(SFC,
11/16/01, WB p.G4)
1952 Nov 7, Felix Bloch (47) of
Stanford Univ. and E.M. Purcell (40) of Harvard won the Nobel Prize
in Physics for their work on measuring the magnetic properties of
atomic particles.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)
1952 Francois Mauriac (b.1885),
novelist, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(HN, 10/11/00)
1952 Oct 30, Dr. Albert
Schweitzer (1875-1965) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize but only
received it in 1953. Schweitzer and his wife Hélène
had moved to Gabon (French Equatorial Africa) in 1913 and opened a
hospital in Lambaréné, which he later expanded with
money from the Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 10/30/97)(HNPD, 9/4/98)
1953 Oct 30, Gen. George C.
Marshall was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Dr. Albert Schweitzer
received his 1952 Peace Prize.
(AP, 10/30/97)
1953 Hermann Staudinger
(b.1881), German chemist, plastics researcher, won the Nobel prize.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1954 Oct 30, Linus Pauling won
the Nobel prize in chemistry.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)(MC, 10/30/01)
1954 Oct 28, Ernest Hemingway
received news that he was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.
Poor health prevented him from going to Stockholm to receive it.
(TMC, 1994, p.1954)(AH, 10/04, p.15)
1954 Max Born won the Nobel
Prize in Physics for his contributions to quantum theory.
(WSJ, 12/8/00, p.W11)
1954 Walter Bothe (b.1891),
subatomic particle physicist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 1/8/02)
1954 Thomas Weller (1915-2008),
John Enders (1897-1985) and Frederick Robbins (1916-2003) won the
Nobel Prize in Medicine for their discovery of the ability of
poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of
tissue.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1954/)(LSA,
Spring, 2009, p.56)
1955 Nov 2, Dr. Willis E. Lamb
(1913-2008) of Stanford Univ. and Dr. Polykarp Kusch of Columbia
Univ. were named co-winners of the Nobel Prize in physics. They came
up with complementary discoveries in nuclear physics in 1947.
(SFC, 10/28/05, p.F3)(SFC, 5/23/08, p.B10)
1955 Halldor Laxness
(1902-1998), Icelandic author, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
His 1946 novel "Independent People" helped him win the prize.
(SFC, 2/11/98,
p.A24)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness)
1956 Nov 1, Walter Brattain,
John Bardeen and William Shockley were awarded the Nobel Prize in
physics for the invention of the transistor. The trio invented the
transistor in 1948 at the Bell Laboratories. William Schockley,
co-developer of the transistor, founded Schockley Semiconductor
Laboratory in Palo Alto this year. Two of his hires, Robert Noyce
and Gordon Moore, later went on to start Intel Corp. Tim Jackson in
1998 published "Inside Intel."
(SFEC, 8/17/97, BR p.4)(WSJ, 2/13/98, p.A13)(HNQ,
12/23/99)
1956 Werner Forssman
(1904-1979), German urologist, won the Nobel Prize. He was the first
to catheterize his own heart.
(MC, 8/29/01)
1957 Oct 14, Lester Bowles
Pearson (1897-1972, former president of the UN General Assembly
(1952-1953) and later Canadian PM (1963-1968) won the Nobel Peace
Prize for his role in defusing the Suez crisis.
(www.un.org/depts/dhl/deplib/un_milestones.htm)(http://tinyurl.com/ojxcz)
1957 Oct 17, French author
Albert Camus was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.
(WUD, 1994, p.524)(AP, 10/17/97)
1958 Oct 23, Boris Pasternak
won the Nobel Prize in literature. However, Soviet authorities
pressured Pasternak into relinquishing the award.
(SFC,11/27/97, p.B3)(AP, 10/23/99)
1958 Oct 29, Boris Pasternak
refused the Nobel prize for literature. Pasternak's novel "Dr.
Zhivago" was on the best seller list in the west.
(WSJ, 10/10/95, p.A-14)(MC, 10/29/01)
1958 Pavel Cerenkov, Russian
physicist, was awarded the Nobel prize for his work in the 1930s
showing when a charged particle travels through any medium at a
speed exceeding the speed of light in the medium (but not the speed
of light in a vacuum), it emits light in a cone. This is called
Cerenkov radiation.
(JST-TMC,1983, p.99)
1958 Joshua Lederberg
(1925-2008), molecular biologist, won the Nobel Prize in physiology
or medicine for discovering that bacteria reproduced sexually in a
process called recombination. Lederberg shared the prize with Prof.
George Tatum of Yale and George Beadle.
(SFC, 2/8/08, p.B9)
1959 Owen Chamberlain
(1920-2006) and Emilio Segre of UC Berkeley received the Nobel Prize
in Physics for their 1955 discovery of the anti-proton. Oreste
Piccioni (d.2002 at 86) did many of the landmark experiments that
led to the discoveries.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A1)(SFC, 5/1/02, p.A22)(SFC,
3/2/06, p.B7)
1959 Arthur Kornberg
(1918-2007) of Stanford Univ. won the Nobel Prize for physiology of
medicine. He shared the prize with Severo Ochoa for their research
on how genetic information is transferred from one DNA molecule to
another.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)(SFC, 10/27/07, p.A2)
1960 Alexis Saint-Leger
(1887-1975), Guadeloupe-born French poet and diplomat, won the Nobel
Prize for literature. He wrote under the pseudonym Saint John Perse.
(http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Leger,+Alexis+Saint-Leger)
1960 Donald A. Glaser of UC
Berkeley won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A1)
1960 Albert John Lutuli
(c1898-1967), tribal chief and president-general of the African
National Congress, won the Nobel Peace prize.
(http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/1960/lutuli-bio.html)
1961 Melvin Calvin (b.1911), US
chemist, won the Nobel Prize for his work on photosynthesis.
(MC, 4/8/02)
1961 Robert Hofstadter of
Stanford won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A1)
1961 Ivo Andric of Yugoslavia
won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP, 10/8/09)
1962 Oct 25, American author
John Steinbeck (62) was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.
(WUD, 1994, p.1392)(AP, 10/25/97)
1962 Oct 18, Dr. James D.
Watson of the United States and Dr. Francis Crick and Dr. Maurice
Wilkins (d.2004) of Britain, were named winners of the Nobel Prize
for Medicine and Physiology for their work in determining the
double-helix molecular structure of DNA.
(AP, 10/18/02)(SFC, 3/19/98, p.C4)
1962 Oct, Linus Pauling won the
Nobel Peace Prize. In 1954 he won a Nobel in Chemistry.
(SFC, 9/16/98, p.E1)(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)
1962 Oct, Max Perutz
(1914-2002), Austrian-born molecular biologist, won the Nobel Prize
in chemistry for his work in England on the structure of hemoglobin.
(Econ, 8/25/07,
p.77)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Perutz)
1963 Eugene Paul Wigner
(1902-1995), Hungarian-born mathematician and physicist, won the
Nobel Prize in Physics.
(HN, 11/17/00)(MC, 11/17/01)
1963 Giorgos Seferis
(1900-1971), Turkish-born Greek poet, won the Nobel Prize in
Literature. Seferis was the pen name of Georgios Seferiades
(AP,
10/8/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis)
1964 Oct 22, Jean Paul Sartre
(1905-1980), philosopher and novelist, declined the Nobel Prize for
Literature.
(WUD, 1994 p.1269)(HN, 10/22/00)
1964 Oct 14, Civil rights
leader Rev. Martin Luther King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for
advocating a policy of non-violence.
(SFC, 10/3/96, p.C6)(AP, 10/14/97)(HN, 10/14/98)
1964 Dec 10, Dr. Martin Luther
King Jr. received the Nobel Peace Prize during ceremonies in Oslo,
Norway.
(AP, 12/10/97)
1965 Oct 21, Robert B.
Woodward was awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry, "for his
outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis."
(http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1965/index.html)
1965 Mikhail Sholokhov
(b.1905), Russian novelist (And Quiet Flows the Don), won a
Nobel Prize in Literature.
(HN, 5/24/01)(MC, 5/24/02)
1965 Richard Feynman
(1918-1988), theoretical physicist won a Nobel Prize.
(MC, 5/11/02)
1966 The Nobel prize in
medicine was awarded to Dr. Charles B. Huggins (1902-1997) for
research on the relationship between hormones and cancers of the
prostrate and breast.
(SFC, 1/16/97, p.C4)
1966 Robert Mulliken (b.1896),
US chemist, physicist won the Nobel Prize.
(SC, 6/7/02)
1966 S.Y. Agnon (1888-1970),
Jewish writer, shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with Nelly
Sachs, a German-born Swede.
(www.kirjasto.sci.fi/agnon.htm)(AP, 10/8/09)
1967 Miguel A. Asturias
(1899-1974) of Guatemala won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP,
10/8/09))(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias)
1967 Hans Bethe (1906-2005),
German-born peace worker and physicist, won the Nobel Prize for
explaining how the sun and stars generate energy.
(SFC, 3/8/05, p.B5)
1967 George Wald (d.1997 at
90), won a Nobel Prize for his work on the biochemistry of vision.
He helped discover Vitamin A in the retina and retinol as a
component of the visual cycle as a National Research Council fellow
in Germany in 1932.
(SFC, 4/14/97, p.A19)
1968 Oct 19, Yasonari Kawabata
(1899-1972), Japanese novelist (Thousand Cranes) won the Nobel Prize
in Literature.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1968/kawabata-docu.html)
1968 Oct 30, Luis W. Alvarez
(1911-1988) of UC Berkeley won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his
work on the bubble chamber.
(SFC, 10/10/96,
p.A1)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez)
1968 The Nobel Memorial Prize
in Economic Sciences was first endowed by Sweden’s central bank. It
is the only Nobel Prize that was not created by Alfred Nobel in
1901.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-16)(WSJ, 10/15/98, p.A22)
1969 Oct, Economists Jan
Timbergen (1903-1994) of the Netherlands and Ragnar Frisch of Norway
were awarded the first Nobel Prize in Economics for having developed
and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes.
Tinbergen was a founding trustee of Economists for Peace and
Security.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen)
1969 Oct, The Nobel prize in
Literature was awarded to Irish writer Samuel Beckett (1906-1989).
He learned of the award while on holiday in Tunisia and avoided the
ceremony.
(WSJ, 7/11/97,
p.A12)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Beckett)
1970 Oct 8, Soviet author
Alexander Solzhenitsyn was named winner of the Nobel Prize for
literature.
(AP, 10/8/97)
1970 Oct, David Baltimore (37)
of MIT won a Nobel Prize for discovering the reverse transcriptase
enzyme. In 2001 Shane Crotty authored "Ahead of the Curve," an
account of Baltimore’s work and ten year defense over a 1986
controversy over scientific data and the work of junior colleague
Thereza Imanishi-Kari.
(WSJ, 8/1/01, p.A12)
1970 Oct, Sir Bernard Katz
(d.2003 at 92) shared the Nobel Prize (medicine or physiology) for
his discovery of how nerve cells communicate with each other and
with the muscles they control. Ulf von Euler of Sweden and Julius
Axelrod (d.2005) of the US shared the prize for their work on
neuro-transmitters.
(SFC, 5/1/03, A21)
1970 Oct, The Nobel Peace Prize
was won by Norman Borlaug (1914-2009) for his development of
high-yield wheat varieties for which he was dubbed father of the
"Green Revolution." In 2006 Leon Hesser authored ”The Man Who Fed
the World,” a biography of Borlaug.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Borlaug)(WSJ, 9/5/06,
p.D8)(SFC, 9/14/09, p.A7)
1970 Oct, The Nobel Prize for
Physics was won by Louis Neel (d.2000 at 95) of France for
discoveries about magnetic fields and Hanes Alfven of Sweden for
work on interactions between plasmas and magnetic fields.
(SFC, 11/25/00, p.A23)
1970 Oct, Paul Samuelson
(1915-2009), American economist and MIT professor, won the Nobel
Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his effort to bring
mathematical analysis into economics.
(SFC, 12/14/09, p.D1)
1971 Oct 20, Willy Brandt, West
German Chancellor, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for beginning
the German reunification.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(MC, 10/20/01)
1971 Oct 21, Nobel prize for
literature was awarded to Chilean poet Pablo Neruda (1904-1973).
(MC, 10/21/01)(SSFC, 8/31/03, p.M3)
1971 Oct, Earl W. Sutherland
Jr. (1915-1974), US pharmacologist, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine
for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of
hormones.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1971/press.html)
1972 Dec 10, Kenneth Arrow
(b.1921) of Stanford Univ. shared the Nobel Prize in economics with
John R. Hicks (1904-1989) of Oxford, England.
(SFC, 10/8/01,
p.A17)(http://economics.about.com/cs/nobelwinners/l/blnobel.htm)
1972 Heinrich Boll (1917-1985)
of West Germany won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP,
10/8/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll)
1973 Oct 16, Henry Kissinger,
US Secretary of State (1973-77), and Le Duc Tho were named winners
of the Nobel Peace Prize; however, the Vietnamese official declined
the award.
(AP,
10/16/98)(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1973/press.html)
1973 Konrad Lorenz (1903-1989),
Austrian zoologist, won the Nobel Prize.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz)
1973 Leo Esaki (b.1925), [Esaki
Reona], Japanese-born physicist, won the Nobel Prize.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Esaki)
1973 Patrick White (1912-1990),
British-born Australian, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP,
10/8/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_White)
1974 Oct 15, Nobel prize for
chemistry was awarded to Paul J. Flory of Stanford Univ. for his
work on macro molecules.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1974/press.html)
1974 Albert Claude (1899-1983),
Belgium-born biologist, won the Nobel for his work on the
sub-structure of the cell.
(www.belgium.be)
1974 Friedrich August von Hayek
(1899-1992) of the UK and Gunnar Myrdal (1898-1987) of Sweden shared
the Nobel Prize for Economics Science. Hayek was later awarded the
Presidential Medal of Freedom by Pres. George Bush.
(WSJ, 5/7/99,
p.A18)(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1974/)
1974 Eisaku Sato (b.1901),
premier of Japan, and Ireland’s Sean MacBride, president of the
Int’l. Peace Bureau, won the Nobel Peace Prize.
(www.almaz.com/nobel/nobel.html)
1974 Eyvind Johnson and Harry
Martinson of Sweden shared the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP, 10/8/09)
1975 Oct 9, Soviet scientist
Andrei Sakharov was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 10/9/97)
1975 Oct, Vladimir Prelog
(d.1998 at age 91), a Swiss chemist, won the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry for his work in stereochemistry and the architecture of
molecules like cholesterol and antibiotics. John Cornforth,
Australia-born chemist, also shared the prize.
{Nobel Prize, Chemistry, Switzerland, Australia}
(SFC, 1/17/98,
p.A19)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates)
1975 Oct, Aage Nills Bohr
(b.1922), Denmark-born physicist, won the Nobel Prize in Physics for
his study of the atomic nucleus. Ben Mottelson (b.1926),
Danish-American physicist and James Rainwater (1917-1986), American
physicist, also shared the prize.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates)
1975 Oct, Eugenio Montale
(1896-1981), Italian poet, won the Nobel Prize for Literature. In
1999 two collections of his poetry were translated and published in
English: Collected Poems 1920-1954" and "Satura 1962-1970."
(SFEC, 2/28/99, BR p.8)
1975 Dec 10, Elena Bonner
Sacharova (b.1923) read Andrei Sacharov’s Nobel Peace Prize
acceptance speech in Oslo.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1975/sakharov-acceptance.html)
1976 Milton Friedman won the
1976 Nobel Prize in economics and retired to the Hoover Inst. at
Stanford.
(WSJ, 7/9/96, p.A18)(WSJ, 5/27/98, p.A20)
1976 Oct 21, Saul Bellow won
the Nobel Prize for literature, the first American honored since
John Steinbeck in 1962.
(AP, 10/21/01)
1976 Baruch S. Blumberg
(1925-2011) of NASA Ames Astrobiology Inst. won the Nobel Prize in
medicine or physiology. He had discovered a virus that caused
hepatitis and a vaccine to prevent it.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)(Econ, 4/30/11, p.92)
1976 Oct, Dr. Carleton Gajdusek
shared the Nobel Prize in medicine for proving the existence of a
certain kind of virus. In 1996 he was arrested for on charges of
molesting a teenage boy whom he brought from Micronesia to live with
him in Maryland.
(SFC, 4/4/96, p.A-3)
1976 Oct, Mairead Corrigan
Maguire was a co-winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace for her efforts
to stop bloodshed in Northern Ireland.
(SFC, 10/8/99, p.A12)
1976 Oct, Burton Richter of
Stanford and Samuel Ting of MIT won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Their work with the SPEAR machine revealed the Psi-particle, a
subatomic object that lasts for a tiny fraction of a second. It
confirmed that protons and neutrons were composed of smaller quarks.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A1)(SFC, 5/1/97, p.A7)(SFC,
11/24/98, p.A20)
1977 Amnesty International
(b.1961), a human rights organization founded by Peter Benenson
(1921-2005), won a Nobel Prize.
(HN, 5/28/98)(Econ, 3/5/05, p.85)
1977 Sir Neville Mott
(1906-1996) shared the Nobel Prize with Philip Anderson and John van
Vleck for research on the behavior of electricity in non-crystalline
or so-called "disordered" materials.
(SFC, 8/11/96, p.D5)
1977 Ilya Prigogine (d.2003 at
86), Russian-born Belgian chemist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
(SFC, 5/31/03, p.A20)
1977 Rosalyn Yalow (b.1921),
American medical physicist, together with Roger Guillemin and Andrew
V. Schally, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
(AP,
10/5/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow)
1977 Vicente Aleixandre
(1898-1984), Spanish poet, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP, 10/8/09)
1978 Oct 5, Isaac Bashevis
Singer (1902-1991), Polish-born American author, was named winner of
the Nobel Prize for literature.
(AP, 10/5/98)
1978 Oct 27, Egyptian President
Anwar Sadat (1918-1981) and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin
were named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for their progress
toward achieving a Middle East accord. Sadat: "There can be hope
only for a society which acts as one big family, and not as many
separate ones."
(AP, 10/27/97)(AP, 5/9/98)(HN, 12/25/98)
1979 Oct 11, Allan McLeod
Cormack and Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield won Nobel Prize for medicine
for developing CAT scan.
(AP, 10/11/04)
1979 Oct 17, Mother Teresa of
India, head of the Missionaries of Charity, was awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize for her years of work on behalf of the destitute in
Calcutta.
(SFC, 3/14/97, p.A13)(AP, 10/17/97)
1979 Sir Arthur Lewis
(1915-1991), an economist from St. Lucia, won the Nobel Prize in
Economics.
(Econ, 9/6/08, p.90)
1979 Abdus Salam (1926-1990),
Pakistan-born physicist, shared the Nobel Prize in physics with
Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg for work on unifying the
electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force.
(SFC, 11/22/96,
p.A28)(www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/physics/1979b.html)
1979 Odysseus Elytis
(1911-1996), Greek poet, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP,
10/8/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis)
1980 Oct 14, Paul Berg of
Stanford Univ. won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Walter
Gilbert of Harvard and Frederick Sanger of Cambridge for their roles
in genetics research.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)(SFC, 10/14/05, p.F2)
1980 Dec 10, Czeslaw Milosz of
UC Berkeley, a Polish-born American, received the Nobel Prize in
literature from King Carl Gustaf in Sweden.
(SFC, 12/9/05, p.F2)(AP, 10/8/09)
1980 Jean Dausset (1916-2009),
French immunologist, shared the Nobel Prize for medicine with
Americans George D. Snell and Baruj Benacerraf for their work on
genetically determined structures on cell surfaces that regulate
immunological reactions. Dausset's discovery in 1958 of the human
leukocyte antigen (HLA) tissue system allowed doctors to verify
compatibility between donor and receiver for an organ transplant.
(AP, 6/24/09)
1980 Lawrence R. Klein of the
United States won the Nobel Prize in Economics for the creation of
certain econometric models.
(AP, 10/11/09)
1980 Swedish-German
philanthropist Jakob von Uexkull founded the Right Livelihood
Awards to recognize work he felt was being ignored by the
Nobel Prizes.
(AP, 10/13/09)
1981 James Tobin (d.2002), key
Kennedy advisor, won the Nobel Prize in economics for his portfolio
theory.
(WSJ, 3/13/02,
p.A1)(http://www.almaz.com/nobel/economics/1981a.html)
1981 Arthur Schawlow (d.1999 at
77) of Stanford won the Nobel Prize in Physics. He with his
brother-in-law and Charles Townes of UC Berkeley shared credit for
inventing the laser. They developed the laser in the 1950s and made
a working model in 1960 while working for Bell Laboratories.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A1)(SFC, 4/29/99, p.D6)
1981 Elias Canetti (1905-1994),
Bulgarian-born British novelist and essayist, won the Nobel Prize in
Literature. His ancestors were Sephardic Jews who had been expelled
from Spain in 1492.
(AP,
10/8/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_Canetti)
1982 Swedish scientists Dr.
Sune Karl Bergstrom (d.2004), Bengt Samuelsson and John R. Vane of
Britain shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or medicine for their
work on natural chemicals involved in birth, blood clotting and pain
control. Samuelson received the Nobel Prize for his work in 1979
when he identified a natural chemical produced in the body that
helps spawn the severe, breath shortening attacks that are the
hallmark of asthma.
(WSJ, 4/5/96, p.B-1)(SFC, 8/19/04, p.B7)
1982 George Stigler (1911-1991)
of the Univ. of Chicago won the Nobel Prize in Economics for studies
of industrial structures and the causes and effects of public
regulation. Stigler had studied the process by which people acquired
information.
(Econ, 11/25/06, p.80)(AP, 10/11/09)(Econ,
10/16/10, p.92)
1982 Gabriel Garcia Marquez
(b.1928), Columbian-born novelist, won the Nobel Prize in
Literature.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez)
1983 Oct 5, Lech Walesa, Polish
Solidarity founder, was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.
(SFC, 10/12/96, p.A13)(AP, 10/5/08)
1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his insight into black holes.
Chandrasekhar was the nephew of Nobel-prize winning physicist C. V.
Raman.
(WSJ, 6/30/05,
p.D8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramanyan_Chandrasekhar)
1983 Gerard Debreu (1921-2004)
of UC Berkeley won the Nobel Prize in Economics for offering proof
of how prices affect the supplies of goods bought and sold.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)(SFC, 1/6/05, p.B1)
1983 William Golding
(1911-1993), English author, received the Nobel Prize for
literature.
(WSJ, 10/5/95, p.A-12)
1983 Barbara McClintock
(1902-1992), American geneticist, won the Nobel prize.
{Nobel Prize, USA, DNA}
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_McClintock)
1983 Henry Taube won a Nobel
Prize in chemistry.
(SFC, 11/21/96, p.D4)
1984 Oct 16, Desmond Tutu,
black Anglican Archbishop in South Africa, won the Nobel Peace Prize
for his decades of non-violent struggle for racial equality.
(SFC, 6/23/96, BR, p.32)(AP, 10/16/04)
1984 Oct, Jaroslav Seifert of
Czechoslovakia won the Nobel Prize for literature.
(SFC, 3/30/02, p.A19)
1984 Oct, Richard Stone of
Great Britain, won the Nobel Prize in Economics for contributions to
the development of systems of national accounts.
(AP, 10/11/09)
1984 Oct, Simon van der Meer
(1925-2011), Dutch physicist, and Carlo Rubbia (b.1934), Italian
physicist, shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for contributions to
the CERN project which led to the discovery of the W and Z
particles, two of the most fundamental constituents of matter.
(Econ, 3/19/11,
p.96)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer)
1985 Franco Modigliani (d.2003
at 85), Italian economist at MIT, won the Nobel Prize in economics
for his research on savings habits of people and the market value of
businesses.
(WSJ, 9/26/03, p.A1)(Econ, 11/14/09, p.88)
1985 The Nobel Peace Prize was
awarded to the International Physicians for the prevention of
Nuclear War. Dr. Bernard Lown, a Harvard cardiologist, accepted the
prize on behalf of the physicians.
(SFC, 10/12/96, p.A13)(SFEC, 12/8/96, zone 1
p.3)(SFC, 12/3/97, p.D3)
1985 Claude Simon (1913-2005,
French novelist, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP,
10/8/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Simon)
1986 Oct 14, Holocaust survivor
and human rights advocate Elie Wiesel in the US was named winner of
the Nobel Peace Prize.
(SFC, 10/12/96, p.A13)(AP, 10/14/97)
1986 Dec 10, Human rights
advocate and Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel accepted the Nobel Peace
Prize.
(AP, 12/10/06)
1986 The Nobel Prize in
literature was awarded to Wole Soyinka of Nigeria.
(WSJ, 10/15/96, p.A16)
1986 Rita Levi Montalcini
(b.1909), Italian scientist, shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine
with American Stanley Cohen for discovering mechanisms that regulate
the growth of cells and organs.
(AP, 4/19/09)
1986 James M. Buchanan Jr. of
the United States won the Nobel Prize in Economics for research in
the theory of economic and political decision-making.
(WSJ, 4/25/96, p.A-18)(AP, 10/11/09)
1987 Oct 13, Costa Rican
President Oscar Arias was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for
his efforts on behalf of a Central American peace plan to end the
war in Nicaragua.
(AP, 10/13/97)(WSJ, 12/12/97, p.A19)
1987 Oct 22, Nobel prize for
literature was awarded to Joseph Brodsky (1940-1996). At an
interview in the Stockholm airport, to a question: "You are an
American citizen who is receiving the Prize for Russian-language
poetry. Who are you, an American or a Russian?", he responded: "I am
Jewish".
(http://tinyurl.com/zx2yz)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky)
1987 Donald J. Cram (d.2001 at
82) won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for synthesizing molecules that
mimicked some chemistry reactions of life. He later created "prison:
molecules that enclosed smaller molecules.
(SFC, 6/22/01, p.D6)
1987 Susumu Tonegawa of Japan
won the Nobel Prize in medicine for the discovery of the process
that enables the body to produce thousands of different antibodies
to fight disease.
(SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)
1987 Robert M. Solow of the
United States won the Nobel Prize in Economics for contributions to
the theory of economic growth.
(AP, 10/11/09)
1988 Oct 13, Egyptian novelist
Naguib Mahfouz was named recipient of the Nobel Prize for
Literature.
(AP, 10/13/98)
1988 Oct 18, Maurice Allais of
France won the Nobel Prize in economics for contributions to the
theory of markets and the efficient use of resources.
(SFC, 10/15/98, p.A2)(AP, 10/18/98)(AP, 10/11/09)
1988 Oct 19, Three West Germans
were named winners of the Nobel Prize in chemistry; three Americans
received the Nobel Prize in physics. Melvin Schwartz (1933-2006),
Leon Lederman and Jack Steinberger won the Nobel in Physics for
their research into the innermost structure and dynamics of matter.
Their work focused on the nature of neutrinos.
(AP, 10/19/98)(SFC, 8/29/06, p.B5)
1988 Gertrude B. Elion
(1918-1999), American biochemist, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
(AP,
10/5/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion)
1988 The Nobel Peace Prize was
awarded to the UN Peacekeeping Operations.
(SFC, 10/12/96, p.A13)
1989 Oct 5, The Dalai Lama, the
spiritual and temporal leader of Tibet, was named winner of the
Nobel Peace Prize.
(WSJ, 12/2/98, p.A22)(AP, 10/5/99)
1989 Oct 19, Camilo Jose Cela
(d.2002 at 85)) of Spain received the Nobel Prize for literature.
(AP, 10/19/99)(WSJ, 1/18/02, p.A1)
1989 Oct, The Nobel Prize in
Economics was awarded to Trygve Haavelmo of Norway, for
clarification of the probability theory foundation of econometrics.
(SFC, 10/15/98, p.A2)(AP, 10/11/09)
1989 J. Michael Bishop and
Harold E. Varmus of the UC San Francisco won the Nobel Prize in
medicine for their 1976 discovery of a family of genes, oncogenes in
chickens, that helped scientists understand how cancer
develops. In 1998 Robert A. Weinberg published "One Renegade
Cell," a primer on the discovery of oncogenes.
(SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)(SFC, 2/6/98, p.A1)(WSJ,
11/25/98, p.A16)
1990 Oct 11, Octavio Paz was
named the winner of the Nobel Prize for literature, the first
Mexican writer so honored.
(SFC, 4/20/98, p.A17)(AP, 10/11/00)
1990 Oct 8, American
doctors Joseph E. Murray and E. Donnall Thomas were named recipients
of the Nobel Prize in medicine for their discoveries about organ and
cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease. In 1954 a
Boston a team led by Dr. Joseph Murray at Peter Bent Brigham
Hospital performed the 1st successful transplant of a kidney
between identical twins.
(SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)(SFEC, 1/30/00, p.A14)(AP,
10/8/00)(SFC, 12/3/01, p.A17)
1990 The Nobel Prize for
economics was awarded to Merton M. Miller (d.2000) of the Univ. of
Chicago for his work in the theory of financial economics. William
F. Sharpe of Stanford Univ. and Harry Markowitz were also winners.
Harry Markowitz won the Nobel Prize for his 1952 theory behind
portfolio diversification.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-1)(WSJ, 4/25/96,
p.A-18)(WSJ, 10/21/96, p.A18)(SFC, 10/15/98, p.A2)(SFC, 6/5/00,
p.A17)
1990 Soviet President Mikhail
S. Gorbachev won the Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 6/5/01)
1990 Richard Taylor of Stanford
won the Nobel Prize in Physics. He shared the prize with Prof. Henry
W. Kendall (d.1999 at 72) for experimental work that led to proof of
the existence of quarks.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A1)(SFC, 2/17/99, p.C3)
1991 Jun 5, Soviet President
Mikhail S. Gorbachev delivered his delayed Nobel Peace lecture in
Oslo, Norway, warning that Western failure to heed his call for
economic aid could dash hopes for a peaceful new world order.
(AP, 6/5/01)
1991 Oct 3, South African
author Nadine Gordimer was named winner of the Nobel Prize in
literature.
(SFEC, 1/11/98, BR p.3)(AP, 10/3/01)
1991 Oct 14, Burmese opposition
leader Aung San Suu Kyi was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize
for her non-violent promotion of democracy. Her award was accepted
by her husband, Michael Aris (d.1999 at 53) and their sons. A
collection of her writings is titled "Freedom From Fear."
(SFC, 5/22/96, p.C-1)(SFEC, 3/28/99, p.D6)(AP,
10/14/01)
1991 Erwin Neher and Bert
Sakmann of Germany won the Nobel Prize in medicine for their
discoveries concerning single ion channels that shed light on
mechanisms underlying several diseases, including diabetes and
cystic fibrosis.
(SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)
1991 The Nobel Prize in
economics was awarded to Ronald H. Coase of Britain for "the
discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs
and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning
of the economy." Coase noted that the cost of gathering information
determines the size of organizations.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-1)(SFC, 10/15/98,
p.A2)(SSFC, 1/11/04, p.D1)
1992 Oct 8, Derek Walcott
(b.1930), West Indies born poet (Saint Lucia), was named winner of
the Nobel Prize in literature.
(AP, 10/8/97)(Econ, 3/20/10, p.94)
1992 Oct 14, The Nobel Prize
for chemistry went to American Rudolph A. Marcus; the prize for
physics went to George Charpak of France.
(AP, 10/14/97)
1992 The Nobel Prize in
economics was awarded to Gary S. Becker of Stanford’s Hoover Inst.
for "having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide
range of human behavior and interaction, including non-market
behavior." A collection of his essays from Business Week was
published in 1996 as: "The Economics of Life." Also published was
his new book "Accounting for Tastes."
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Becker)(WSJ,
11/19/96, p.A20)(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)
1992 The Nobel Prize in
Literature was awarded to Derek Walcott. In 1997 his collection of
poems "The Bounty" was published.
(SFEC, 7/13/97, BR p.1)
1992 The Nobel Prize in
medicine was awarded to Edwin G. Krebs of the US and Edmund H.
Fischer (US & Switz.) for discoveries concerning the process of
reversible protein phosphorylation that helped explain how
imbalances in cells caused diseases.
(SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)
1993 Oct 15, Nelson Mandela and
F.W. de Klerk were named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for their
efforts to end apartheid.
(AP, 10/15/98)
1993 Russell Hulse and Joseph
Taylor won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery of the
first binary pulsar and for subsequent studies leading to a
verification of the theory of general relativity for a system
outside our solar system. In 1974 they recorded an indirect sighting
of gravitational waves when they showed a pair of stars spiraling
towards each other was radiating energy in the form of gravitational
waves at exactly the same rate predicted by Einstein.
(Econ, 6/24/06,
p.94)(www.aip.org/pnu/1993/split/pnu147-1.htm)
1993 The Nobel Prize in
Chemistry was awarded to Kary B. Mullis for developing the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identifying fragments of DNA.
(SFC, 7/18/00, p.A8)
1993 The Nobel Prize in
economics was awarded to Robert W. Fogel for "having renewed
research in economic history by applying economic theory and
quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional
change." Douglas C. North of Stanford’s Hoover Inst. also shared in
the prize.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-1)(SFC, 10/15/98, p.A2)(SFC,
10/8/01, p.A17)
1993 The Nobel Prize in
medicine was awarded to Richard J. Roberts of Britain and Philip A.
Sharp of the US for discovery of split genes that changed how
scientists look at evolution and advanced research on hereditary
diseases, including some cancers.
(SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)
1993 Toni Morrison (b.1931,
American novelist, won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Her novels are
known for their epic themes, vivid dialogue, and richly detailed
black characters. Among her best known novels are “The Bluest Eye,”
“Song of Solomon,” and “Beloved,” which won the Pulitzer Prize for
Fiction in 1988.
(AP,
10/8/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni_Morrison)
1994 Oct 13, Kenzabuto Oe,
Japanese novelist, won the Noble prize for literature. His work
included "An Echo of Heaven."
(SFC, 7/7/96, BR p.9)(AP, 10/13/99)(SSFC, 3/3/02,
p.M3)
1994 Oct 10, Americans Alfred
G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell won the Nobel Prize in medicine.
(AP, 10/10/99)
1994 Oct 12,
American Clifford G. Shull and Canadian Bertram N. Brockhouse
won the Nobel physics prize; American George A. Olah won the Nobel
chemistry prize.
(AP, 10/12/04)
1994 Oct 14, The Nobel Peace
Prize was awarded to PLO leader Yasser Arafat, Israeli Prime
Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres.
(SFC, 10/12/96, p.A13)(AP, 10/14/99)
1994 Oct, John Forbes Nash Jr.
(66) won the Nobel Prize for Economic Science based on his work in
game theory which proved that there is always one set of strategies
in which no player can improve his situation by switching to a
different strategy. Nash spent many years debilitated by paranoid
schizophrenia. In 1998 Sylvia Nasar published Nash’s biography: "A
Beautiful Mind." In 2001 a film opened based on the book.
{Economics, Nobel Prize}
(WSJ, 6/19/98, p.W9)(NW, 1/14/02,
p.68)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash)
1994 Dec 10, Yasser Arafat,
Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin received the Nobel Peace Prize,
pledging to pursue their mission of healing the anguished Middle
East.
(AP, 12/10/99)
1995 Oct 10, The Nobel Prize in
chemistry was won by Mario Molina of MIT, Sherwood Rowland of UC
Irvine, & Dutch scientist Paul Crutzen for the study of Earth's
ozone layer and their controversial work warning that gases once
used in spray cans and other items were eating away Earth’s ozone
layer.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-1)(AP, 10/11/00)
1995 Oct 10, The Nobel Prize in
Economic Science was awarded to Robert E. Lucas of the Univ. of
Chicago for his theory of "rational expectations." He demonstrated
how people’s fears and expectations can frustrate policymakers’
efforts to shape the economy.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-1)(AP, 10/10/00)
1995 Oct 5, Seamus Heaney won
the Nobel Prize in literature. His poetic works portray the pain of
sectarian strife and growing up in a Roman Catholic farming family.
His works include: "Death of a Naturalist" (1966), "Door into the
Dark" (1969), "North" (1975), "Field Work" (1979), "The Spirit
Level" (1996) and the Nobel lecture "Crediting Poetry."
(WSJ, 10/6/95, p.A-1)(SFEC, 8/25/96, BR p.8)
1995 Oct 9, The Nobel Prize in
medicine was awarded to Edward Lewis of Caltech, Eric Wieschaus of
Princeton, and Christiane Nuesslein-Volhard of Germany's Max Planck
Inst. They all studied genes in relation to embryonic development.
They unraveled the developmental genetics of the fruit fly
Drosophila and discovered homologs of the same genes in vertebrates.
(WSJ, 10/10/95, p.A-1)(NH, 2/97, p.70)
1995 Oct 10, The physics prize
went to Martin Perl of Stanford and Frederick Reines (d.1998 at 80)
of UC Irvine for discovering the subatomic neutrino particle. Perl
helped discover the tau lepton in 1975, a particle that resembles an
electron but is 30,000 times heavier.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-1)(SFC, 5/1/97, p.A7)(SFC,
8/28/98, p.D7)
1995 Oct 13, Joseph Rotblat
(1909-2005), a Polish-born British physicist and the anti-nuclear
group he founded, the Pugwash Conference (1957), were named winners
of the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 10/13/00)(SFC, 9/2/05, p.B5)
1996 Oct 9, The Nobel Prize in
Chemistry went to two Americans and a Briton: Robert F. Curl,
Richard E. Smalley (b.1943) and Harold W. Kroto for their discovery
of hollow molecules of carbon called fullerenes or buckyballs first
proposed in 1985. The 60 carbon atom is called a
buckminsterfullerene.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A15)(AP, 10/9/97)
1996 Oct 8, The Nobel Prize in
economics was won by British professor James Mirlees of Cambridge
and American economist William Vickrey (1914-1996) at Columbia Univ.
for their studies on asymmetric information which helps to explain
decision making based on varying kinds and amounts of data. The
82-year-old Vickrey died just three days later.
(SFEC, 10/9/96, p.A8)(AP, 10/8/97)
1996 Oct 3, Wislawa Szymborska,
Polish poet, won the Nobel Prize for poetry. Her work included the
transl. collection: "View With a Grain of Sand," her debut
collection "That’s Why We Are Alive" (1952), Salt (1962), "The
People on the Bridge" (1986), and "The End and the Beginning"
(1993).
(AP, 10/3/97)(WSJ, 10/4/96, p.A7)
1996 Oct 7, The Nobel Prize in
Medicine was won by Australian Peter C. Doherty and Rolf M.
Zinkernagel from Switzerland for their work on how the immune system
recognizes infected cells.
(SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)
1996 Oct 11, The Nobel Peace
Prize was awarded to Roman Catholic Bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes
Belo of East Timor and Jose Ramos-Horta, in exile in Australia, for
their work to end oppression and violence in East Timor.
(SFC, 10/12/96, p.A1) (AP, 10/11/97)
1996 Oct 9, The Nobel Prize in
Physics went to three Americans: David Lee, Douglas Osheroff and
Robert Richardson for their work on liquid helium-3, which they
found forms a superfluid at very cold temperatures.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A15)(AP, 10/9/97)
1996 Dec 10, Roman Catholic
Bishop Filipe Ximenes Belo and exiled activist Jose Ramos Horta,
opponents of Indonesia's occupation of East Timor, accepted the
Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 12/10/97)
1997 Oct 14, Myron Scholes of
Stanford, and Robert Merton of Harvard won the Nobel Prize in
Economics for their work on valuing stock options and other
investments.
(SFC, 10/15/97, p.A1)(AP, 10/14/98)
1997 Oct 9, Dario Fo (71), an
Italian playwright and performer, received the Nobel Prize in
literature. The leftist playwright had been prosecuted by Italy,
denounced by Roman Catholic Church leaders and barred from the
United States. His work included: "Archangels Don’t Play Pinball"
(1960), "Mistero Biffo," (Comic Mystery) written in 1969, and
"Accidental Death of an Anarchist" (1970), "We Can’t Pay, We Don’t
Pay" (1974) and "Orgasmo Adulto Escapes From the Zoo."
(SFC, 10/10/97, p.A1)(WSJ, 10/10/97, p.A20)(SFEC,
8/23/98, DB p.13)(AP, 10/9/98)
1997 Oct 6, Dr. Stanley B.
Prusiner, a neurologist from UC, won the Nobel Prize for his
discovery of the new class of proteins called prions described as
"an entirely new genre of disease-causing agents." [see 1982] In
1998 researchers at UCSF developed a sensitive technique for rapid
detection of the infectious proteins.
(SFC, 10/7/97, p.A1)(SFC, 9/30/98, p.A7)(AP,
10/6/98)
1997 Oct 10, The Nobel Peace
Prize was awarded to Jody Williams and the Int’l. Campaign to Ban
Land Mines (ICBL). There were an estimated 100 million
anti-personnel mines buried around the world that killed or wounded
some 26,000 people each year.
(SFC, 10/11/97, p.A9)(AP, 10/10/98)
1998 Oct 8, The Nobel Prize for
Literature was awarded to Jose Saramago (75) of Portugal. His work
included "The History of the Siege of Lisbon" (1989), "Blindness,"
"Memorial do Convento" (Baltasar and Blimunda, 1982), "The Year of
the Death of Ricardo Reis" (1984) "The Gospel According to Jesus
Christ" (1991) and "The Stone Raft."
(USAT, 10/9/98, p.16A)(SFC, 10/9/98, p.A2)
1998 Oct 12, The Nobel Prize in
medicine was awarded to 3 Americans, Robert F. Furchgott (82), Louis
Ignarro (57) and Ferid Murad (62), for their work on nitric oxide
gas in biochemical functions in the human body.
(SFC, 10/13/98, p.A1,13)
1998 Oct 13, The Nobel Prize in
physics was awarded to Robert B. Laughlin of Stanford, Horst L.
Stormer of Columbia Univ. and Daniel C. Tsui of Princeton for their
work on the fractional quantum Hall effect where groups of electrons
act as if they are quarks.
(SFC, 10/14/98, p.A1,6)
1998 Oct 13, The Nobel Prize in
chemistry went to Walter Kohn of UC Santa Barbara and John Pople
(d.2004) of Northwestern Univ. for their work in computational
chemistry.
(SFC, 10/14/98, p.A1)(SFC, 3/19/04, p.B7)
1998 Oct 14, Amartya K. Sen
(64), a philosophy and economics researcher from India, won the
Nobel Prize in Economics for his work in exploring the causes of
poverty and famine. He had just left Harvard Univ. to take over
Trinity College in Cambridge, England.
(SFC, 10/15/98, p.A2)(WSJ, 10/15/98, p.B1)
1998 Oct 16, The Nobel Peace
Prize was awarded to John Hume, head of the Irish Catholic Social
Democratic and Labor Party, and to David Trimble, leader of the
Protestant Ulster Unionist Party.
(SFEC, 10/18/98, p.D1)(AP, 10/16/99)
1999 Sep 30, Gunter Grass,
German novelist, won the Nobel Prize for Literature and cited his
1959 novel "Tin Drum" for restoring honor to German literature.
(SFC, 10/1/99, p.A2)
1999 Oct 12, Ahmed H. Zewail,
an Egyptian chemist at the California Inst. of Tech., won the Nobel
Prize in Chemistry for finding a way to freeze-frame the private
matings of molecules using ultra fast laser probes.
(SFC, 10/13/99, p.A2)
1999 Oct 13, Robert A. Mundell
(66), a Canadian born professor at Columbia Univ., won the Nobel
Prize in Economics for his study of cross-border capital flows,
flexible foreign exchange rates, and supply side economics. A 1961
paper by Mundell had pioneered the theory of an “optimal currency
area,” which later helped shape the euro zone.
(WSJ, 10/14/99, p.A2)(Econ, 6/13/09, SR p.10)
1999 Oct 11, Dr. Guenter
Blobel, a German American researcher of Rockefeller Univ., was
awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine or physiology for his work on
how the body puts addresses on individual proteins so that they
arrive at a correct location.
(SFC, 10/12/99, p.A3)(WSJ, 10/12/99, p.A1)
1999 Oct 12, Professors
Gerardus 't Hooft and Martinus J.G. Veltman of the Netherlands won
the Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of mathematical tools
to calculate properties of fundamental particles. From 1981 to his
retirement in 1997, Veltman was an active member of the Univ. of
Michigan physics department.
(SFC, 10/13/99, p.A2)(MT, Fall/99, p.7)
2000 Oct 10, The Nobel Prize in
chemistry was awarded to Alan Heeger (64) of UC Santa Barbara, Alan
MacDiarmed (73) of Univ. of Pennsylvania, and Hideki Shirakawa (64)
of the Univ. of Tsukuba for their work in modifying plastics to
conduct electricity.
(SFC, 10/11/00, p.A6)(Econ, 9/16/06, p.89)
2000 Oct 11, The Nobel Prize in
economics went to Daniel McFadden (63) of UC Berkeley for developing
ways of analyzing consumer decisions and to James Heckman of Univ.
of Chicago for developing techniques to strip out hidden biases in
studies of the labor force.
(SFC, 10/12/00, p.A1)
2000 Oct 12, The Nobel Prize in
literature was won by Gao Xingjian (60), an exiled Chinese writer
living in Paris. His novels include "Soul Mountain," based on a 1986
walking tour along the Yangtze River.
(SFC, 10/13/00, p.A16)
2000 Oct 9, The Nobel Prize in
physiology or medicine was awarded to Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel
of the US and Arvid Carlsson of Sweden for research in how memory
works and for laying the foundation for the development of
anti-depressants. In 2006 Kandel authored “In search of Memory: The
Emergence of a New Science of Mind.”
(SFC, 10/10/00, p.A3)(Econ, 3/4/06, p.78)
2000 Oct 13, The Nobel Peace
Prize was awarded to Pres. Kim Dae Jung (74) of South Korea for his
efforts to make peace with North Korea.
(SFC, 10/14/00, p.A1)
2000 Oct 10, The Nobel Prize in
physics was awarded to Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments, co-inventor
of the computer chip, Herbert Kroemer (72) of UC Santa Barbara and
Zhores Alferov (70) of Russia for work in high-speed transistors and
tiny lasers.
(SFC, 10/11/00, p.A1,6)
2000 Dec 10, Jack S. Kilby
(1923-2005) received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of
the microchip (1958). Zhores Alferov of Russia and Herbert Kroemer
of UC Santa Barbara shared the prize for their work on
heterostructure semiconductors.
(SFC, 12/11/00, p.A2)(SFC, 6/22/05, p.A5)
2001 Oct 8, Leland Hartwell of
the Seattle Hutchinson Cancer Research Center won the Nobel Prize in
Medicine along with Paul Nurse and Timothy Hunt of London’s Imperial
Cancer Research Fund for their work in the mechanics of cell
division.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.B3)
2001 Oct 9, The Nobel Prize in
Physics was awarded to Eric Cornell, Carl Wiemann and Wolfgang
Ketterlie of the US for their discovery of the Bose-Einstein
condensate, a new state of matter. The condensate, which they
created in 1995, had been predicted by Einstein in 1924.
(WSJ, 10/10/01, p.A1)(SFC, 10/10/01, p.A17)(SSFC,
8/21/05, p.A3)
2001 Oct 10, The Nobel Prize in
Economics was awarded to George Akerlof of UC Berkeley, Michael
Spence of Stanford, and Joseph Stiglitz of Columbia Univ. Akerlof
won in part for his classic paper explaining how, if sellers know
more than buyers, markets may fail.
(SFC, 10/11/01, p.D1)(Econ, 3/28/09, p.88)
2001 Oct 11, Vidiadhar S,
Naipaul (b.1932), Trinidad-born English novelist, won the Nobel
Prize in Literature. His books included: "A House for Mr. Biswas,"
"Guerrillas" (1975), "Among the Believers" (1981), and "The Enigma
of Arrival" (1987).
(SFC, 10/12/01, p.C1)(WSJ, 10/12/01, p.A1,W17)
2001 Oct 12, Kofi Annan, Sec.
Gen. of the UN, and the UN itself won the Nobel Peace Prize.
(SFC, 10/13/01, p.A13)
2002 Oct 7, The Nobel Prize for
Medicine went to Sydney Brenner and John E. Sulston of Britain and
H. Robert Horvitz of the US for their work on how genes regulate
organ development and cell death.
(ADN, 10/8/02, p.A4)(SFC, 10/8/02, p.A2)
2002 Oct 8, Masatoshi Koshiba
(76) was named one of this year's Nobel Prize winners for Physics,
marking Japan's third science Nobel in as many years. Riccardo
Giacconi (71) of Assoc. Univ. in Washington DC and Raymond Davis Jr.
(87) of Univ. of Pennsylvania shared the prize awarded for their
work on neutrinos that revised thinking about the nature of the
universe.
(AP, 10/8/02)(SFC, 10/9/02, p.A2)(WSJ, 10/9/02,
p.A1)
2002 Oct 9, Daniel Kahneman,
68, a U.S. and Israeli citizen based at Princeton University in New
Jersey and Vernon L. Smith, 75, of George Mason University in
Fairfax, Va., won the Nobel prize for economics for pioneering the
use of psychological and experimental economics in decision-making.
Kahneman, an economic behaviouralist, believed people tend to judge
their well-being relative to others rather than in absolute terms.
(AP, 10/9/02)(Econ, 8/30/03, p.56)
2002 Oct 9, Koichi Tanaka (43),
research scientist for precision equipment maker Shimadzu
Corporation, won Japan's second Nobel prize. His development of
methods of analysing proteins, along with work by John Fenn of the
United States and Kurt Wuethrich of Switzerland, paved the way for
new drugs to tackle diseases
(AP, 10/9/02)
2002 Oct 10, Imre Kertesz (72),
a Hungarian novelist and secular Jew, won the Nobel Prize for
literature. His books included "Fiasco" (1988) and "Kaddish for a
Child Not Born" (1990).
(SFC, 10/11/02, p.A2)(SFC, 12/5/02, p.E5)
2002 Oct 11, Former US Pres.
Carter won the Nobel Peace prize.
(SFC, 10/12/02, p.A1)
2003 Oct 2, South Africa's J.M.
Coetzee, whose stories tell of innocents and outcasts oppressed by
the cruel weight of history, won the 2003 Nobel Prize for
literature. His books included "Dusklands" (1974), "In the heart of
the Country" (1977), "Waiting for the Barbarians" (1980), "Life and
Times of Michael K" (1983) and "Disgrace" (1999).
(AP, 10/2/03)(WSJ, 10/14/03, p.D10)
2003 Oct 6, The annual Nobel
Prize in Medicine went to Paul C. Lauterbur (74) of the Univ. of
Illinois and Sir Peter Mansfield (69) of the Univ. of Nottingham,
for their work that led to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
(SFC, 10/7/03, p.A2)
2003 Oct 7, Three scientists
who worked separately to explain the nature of matter at extremely
low temperatures won the 2003 Nobel Prize for Physics. Russians
Vitaly Ginzburg (87), Alexei Abrikosov (75) and British-born Anthony
Leggett (65), worked on theories that led to the development of
magnetic imaging scanners.
(Reuters, 10/7/03)(SFC, 10/8/03, p.A2)
2003 Oct 8, Americans Peter
Agre and Roderick MacKinnon won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for
studies of tiny transportation tunnels in cell walls, work that
illuminates diseases of the heart, kidneys and nervous system.
(AP, 10/8/03)
2003 Oct 8, The Bank of Sweden
Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded to
American Robert F. Engle (60) of NY Univ. and Briton Clive W.G.
Granger (1934-2009) of visiting scholar at Canterbury Univ. in New
Zealand for their work in statistical techniques to measure
investment risk and track economic trends.
(WSJ, 10/9/03, p.A2)(USAT, 10/9/03, p.8B)(SFC,
6/3/09, p.B5)
2004 Oct 4, Americans Dr.
Richard Axel (58) of Columbia Univ. and Linda Buck (57) of the Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Center in Seattle won the Nobel Prize in Medicine
for their 1991 discovery of how people recognize odors. In 2008
Linda Buck and her co-authors retracted their 2001 paper on smell
due to inconsistencies on data.
(SFC, 10/5/04, p.A5)(SFC, 3/7/08, p.A6)
2004 Oct 5, Americans David J.
Gross, H. David Politzer and Frank Wilczek won the 2004 Nobel Prize
in physics for their explanation of the force that binds particles
inside the atomic nucleus. Tehir theory of quantum chromodynamics
explained who quarks behave.
(AP, 10/5/04)(SFC, 10/6/04, p.A2)
2004 Oct 6, American Irwin Rose
and Israelis Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko won the 2004 Nobel
Prize in chemistry for discovering a key way cells destroy unwanted
proteins, the ubiquitin proteasome system, in the late 1970s and
early 1980s.
(AP, 10/6/04)(SFC, 10/7/04,
p.A2)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteasome)
2004 Oct 7, Austria's Elfriede
Jelinek won the Nobel Prize for Literature for novels and plays that
depict violence against women, explore sexuality and condemn
far-right politics in Europe. Her books included “The Piano Teacher”
(1988), which was adopted for a 2001 film.
(AP, 10/7/04)(SFC, 10/8/04, p.A4)
2004 Oct 8, Wangari Maathai
(64) of Kenya won the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize. During the 1980s and
1990s, she also campaigned against government oppression and founded
Kenya's Green Party in 1987. She was repeatedly arrested and beaten
for protesting former President Daniel arap Moi's environmental
policies and human rights record. In 1991 Maathai won the Goldman
Environmental Prize.
(AP, 10/8/04)(SFC, 10/9/04, p.A14)
2004 Oct 11, Edward C. Prescott
(63), an American, and Finn E. Kydland (60), a Norwegian, won the
2004 Nobel Memorial Prize in economics for shedding light on how
government policies and actions affect economies around the world.
In a 1977 paper they demonstrated the importance of credibility in
economic policy.
(AP, 10/11/04)(Econ, 10/16/04, p.74)
2005 Oct 3, Australians Barry
J. Marshall and Robin Warren won the 2005 Nobel Prize in medicine
for showing that bacterial infection, not stress, was to blame for
painful ulcers in the stomach and intestine.
(AP, 10/3/05)
2005 Oct 4, Americans John L.
Hall and Roy J. Glauber and German Theodor W. Haensch won the 2005
Nobel Prize in physics for work that could lead to better
long-distance communication and more precise navigation worldwide
and in space.
(AP, 10/4/05)
2005 Oct 5, Americans Robert H.
Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock and Yves Chauvin of France won the
Nobel Prize in chemistry for their work in metathesis, a technique
for moving groups of atoms from one molecule to another. Their
discoveries let industry create drugs and advanced plastics in a
more efficient and environmentally friendly way.
(AP, 10/5/05)(Econ, 10/8/05, p.87)
2005 Oct 6, Gregg Miller won
the Ig Nobel Prize for medicine for his prosthetic testicles for
neutered dogs. Miller has sold more than 150,000 of his Neuticles,
more than doubling his $500,000 investment. The silicone implants
come in different sizes, shapes, weights and degrees of firmness.
Other winners included Nigerian Internet scammers and a team that
calculated the pressures created when penguins poop.
(AP, 10/7/05)
2005 Oct 7, Mohamed ElBaradei
and the International Atomic Energy Agency won the 2005 Nobel Peace
Prize for their drive to curb the spread of atomic weapons by using
diplomacy to resolve standoffs with Iran and North Korea over their
nuclear programs.
(AP, 10/7/05)
2005 Oct 10, Robert J. Aumann
of Israel and Thomas C. Schelling of the Univ. of Maryland won the
2005 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for their work in
game theory that explains political and economic conflicts, arms
races and even preventing warfare.
(AP, 10/10/05)
2005 Oct 13, British playwright
Harold Pinter, who juxtaposed the brutal and the banal in such works
as "The Caretaker" and "The Birthday Party" and made an art form out
of spare language and unbearable silence, won the 2005 Nobel Prize
in literature.
(AP, 10/13/05)
2005 Dec 10, In Norway Chief UN
nuclear inspector Mohamed ElBaradei accepted the 2005 Nobel Peace
Prize, sharing the award with his International Atomic Energy Agency
for efforts to control the spread of nuclear weapons. The other
Nobel Prizes were awarded in Sweden.
(AP, 12/10/05)
2006 Oct 2, Americans Andrew Z.
Fire and Craig C. Mello won the Nobel Prize in physiology or
medicine for discovering a powerful way to turn off the effect of
specific genes, opening a new avenue for disease treatment.
(AP, 10/2/06)
2006 Oct 3, Americans John C.
Mather and George F. Smoot won the 2006 Nobel Prize in physics for
work that helped cement the big-bang theory of the universe and
deepen understanding of the origin of galaxies and stars.
(AP, 10/3/06)
2006 Oct 4, American Roger D.
Kornberg, whose father won a Nobel Prize a half-century ago, was
awarded the prize in chemistry for his studies of how cells take
information from genes to produce proteins.
(AP, 10/4/06)
2006 Oct 9, American Edmund S.
Phelps won the 2006 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for
explaining the relationship between inflation and unemployment, work
that has had a profound impact on macroeconomic policy.
(AP, 10/9/06)
2006 Oct 12, Turkish novelist
Orhan Pamuk won the Nobel literature prize for his works dealing
with the symbols of clashing cultures. His uncommon lyrical gifts
and uncompromising politics have brought him acclaim worldwide and
prosecution at home.
(AP, 10/12/06)
2007 Oct 8, Two American
scientists and a Briton won the 2007 Nobel Prize in medicine on for
groundbreaking discoveries that led to a powerful technique for
manipulating mouse genes. Mario R. Capecchi (70) of the University
of Utah in Salt Lake City; Oliver Smithies (82) a native of Britain
now at University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, and Sir Martin
J. Evans (66) of Cardiff University in Wales shared the prize.
(AP, 10/8/07)
2007 Oct 9, Two European
scientists won the 2007 Nobel Prize in physics for a discovery that
lets computers, iPods and other digital devices store reams of data
on ever-shrinking hard disks. France's Albert Fert and German Peter
Gruenberg independently described giant magnetoresistance in 1988,
then saw the electronics industry apply it in disks with incredible
amounts of storage.
(AP, 10/9/07)
2007 Oct 10, Gerhard Ertl of
Germany won the 2007 Nobel Prize in chemistry for studies of
chemical reactions on solid surfaces, which are key to understanding
questions like how pollution eats away at the ozone layer.
(AP, 10/10/07)
2007 Oct 11, Doris Lessing,
British author of dozens of works from short stories to science
fiction, including the classic "The Golden Notebook," won the Nobel
Prize for literature. She was praised by the judges for her
"skepticism, fire and visionary power."
(AP, 10/11/07)
2007 Oct 12, Former Vice
President Al Gore and the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change won the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize for spreading awareness of
man-made climate change and laying the foundations for counteracting
it.
(AP, 10/12/07)(SFC, 10/13/07, p.A8)
2007 Oct 15,
Americans Leonid Hurwicz (d.2008 at 90), Eric S. Maskin and
Roger B. Myerson won the Nobel economics prize for developing a
theory that helps explain how sellers and buyers can maximize their
gains from a transaction.
(AP, 10/15/07)(SFC, 6/26/08, p.B5)
2008 Oct 6, Three European
scientists shared the 2008 Nobel Prize in medicine for separate
discoveries of viruses that cause AIDS and cervical cancer,
breakthroughs that helped doctors fight the deadly diseases. French
researchers Francoise Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier were cited
for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV; while
Germany's Harald zur Hausen was honored for finding human papilloma
viruses that cause cervical cancer.
(AP, 10/6/08)
2008 Oct 7, The Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences announced that two Japanese citizens and a
Japanese-born American won the 2008 Nobel Prize in physics for
discoveries in the world of subatomic physics.
(AP, 10/7/08)
2008 Oct 8, The Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences said two Americans and a US-based Japanese
scientist won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering and
developing a glowing jellyfish protein that revolutionized the
ability to study disease and normal development in living organisms.
Japan's Osamu Shimomura and Americans Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien
shared the prize for their work on green fluorescent protein, or
GFP. Shimomura discovered the jellyfish protein in 1961. In the
early 1990s Douglas Prasher conducted research on the jellyfish gene
that made Chalfie’s and Tsien’s work possible.
(AP, 10/8/08)(SFC, 10/21/08, p.A6)
2008 Oct 9, The Swedish Academy
announced French novelist Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (b.1940) as
the 2008 Nobel Prize in literature for his poetic adventure and
"sensual ecstasy." Le Clezio made his breakthrough as a novelist
with "Desert," in 1980.
(AP, 10/9/08)
2008 Oct 10, Finland's
ex-president Martti Ahtisaari won the Nobel Peace Prize for his
efforts to build a lasting peace from Africa and Asia to Europe and
the Middle East. The Norwegian Nobel Committee said it honored
Ahtisaari for important efforts over more than three decades to
resolve international conflicts.
(AP, 10/10/08)
2008 Oct 13, Paul Krugman, the
Princeton University scholar and New York Times columnist, won the
Nobel prize in economics for his analysis of how economies of scale
can affect trade patterns and the location of economic activity. The
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences praised Krugman for formulating a
new theory to answer questions about free trade and said his theory
has inspired an enormous field of research.
(AP, 10/13/08)(Econ, 10/18/08, p.90)
2008 Dec 10, The Nobel Prizes
were awarded in twin ceremonies in Stockholm and Oslo.
(AP, 12/10/08)
2009 Oct 1, The 19th annual Ig
Nobel Prizes were awarded at Harvard. The physics prize went to a
study of why pregnant women don’t tip over. The chemistry prize was
awarded to scientists who turned tequila into diamonds. The
veterinary medicine prize was given for finding that cows that have
names make more milk than those who remain anonymous. The medicine
prize went to a physician who, for fifty years, cracked the knuckles
on only his left hand to test his mother’s contention that
knuckle-cracking causes arthritis.
(http://tinyurl.com/yc5pndy)
2009 Oct 5, Americans Elizabeth
H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak won the 2009
Nobel Prize in medicine for discovering a key mechanism in the
genetic operations of cells, an insight that has inspired new lines
of research into cancer.
(AP, 10/5/09)
2009 Oct 6, Three Americans
whose research in the 1960s laid the foundation for digital images
and lightning-fast communication shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in
physics for their work developing fiber-optic cable and the sensor
at the heart of digital cameras. Charles K. Kao (75) was cited for
discovering how to transmit light signals over long distances
through glass fibers as thin as a human hair. His 1966 breakthrough
led to the creation of modern fiber-optic communication networks.
Willard S. Boyle (85) and George E. Smith (79) were honored for
inventing the eye of the digital camera.
(AP, 10/6/09)
2009 Oct 7, Venkatraman
Ramakrishnan (57), Indian-born American, Yale Prof. Thomas Steitz
(69) and Israeli Ada Yonath (70)won the 2009 Nobel Prize in
chemistry for atom-by-atom mapping of the protein-making factories
within cells, a feat that has spurred the development of
antibiotics. Their work on ribosomes has been fundamental to the
scientific understanding of life. They will split the 10 million
(US$1.4 million award).
(AP, 10/7/09)
2009 Oct 8, Herta Mueller (56)
won the Nobel Prize in literature in an award seen as a nod to the
20th anniversary of communism's collapse. She was member of
Romania's ethnic German minority persecuted for her critical
depictions of life behind the Iron Curtain. She made her debut in
1982 with a collection of short stories titled "Niederungen," or
"Nadirs," depicting the harshness of life in a small,
German-speaking village in Romania. It was promptly censored by the
communist government. Some of her works have been translated into
English, French and Spanish, including "The Passport," "The Land of
Green Plums," "Traveling on One Leg" and "The Appointment."
(AP, 10/8/09)
2009 Oct 9, The Nobel Peace
Prize was awarded to President Barack Obama.
(AP, 10/9/09)
2009 Oct 12, Americans Elinor
Ostrom (b.1933) and Oliver Williamson (b.1932) won the Nobel
economics prize for their work in economic governance. Ostrom, the
first woman to win the Nobel prize for economics, specialized in the
study of common resource pools.
(AP, 10/12/09)(Econ, 10/17/09, p.92)
2009 Nov 26, Shirin Ebadi, 2003
Nobel Peace Prize, said that Iranian authorities took her medal
about three weeks ago from a safe-deposit box, claiming she owed
taxes on the $1.3 million she was awarded. Ebadi said that such
prizes are exempt from tax under Iranian law. In Norway, where the
peace prize is awarded, the government said the confiscation of the
gold medal was a shocking first in the history of the 108-year-old
prize.
(AP, 11/27/09)
2009 Dec 10, In Oslo, Norway,
President Barack Obama accepted the Nobel Peace Prize, acknowledging
his own few accomplishments while delivering a robust defense of war
and promising to use the prestigious award to "reach for the world
that ought to be."
(AP, 12/10/09)
2010 Feb 24, A Nobel official
said Israeli nuclear whistleblower Mordechai Vanunu has asked the
Nobel Peace Prize committee to disregard his nomination for the
prestigious award.
(AP, 2/24/10)
2010 Jun 18, Jose Saramago
(b.1922), 1998 Nobel-winning Portuguese writer, died at his home in
the Canary Islands. He had moved there following a 1992 spat with
the government, which he accused of censorship.
(SFC, 6/19/10, p.C6)
2010 Oct 4, British biologist
Robert G. Edwards, whose contributions to the technology of in vitro
fertilization have made more than 4 million couples parents, was
awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. Louise
Brown, the first test-tube baby, was born Jul 25, 1978.
(www.latimes.com/health/la-sci-nobel-medicine-20101005,0,7666490.story)
2010 Oct 5, Two Russian-born
scientists shared the Nobel Prize in physics for groundbreaking
experiments with ultrathin carbon. University of Manchester
professors Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov used Scotch tape to
isolate graphene, a form of carbon only one atom thick but more than
100 times stronger than steel, and showed it has exceptional
properties, the strongest and thinnest material known to mankind.
(AP, 10/5/10)
2010 Oct 6, An American and two
Japanese scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for finding new
ways to bond carbon atoms together, methods now widely used to make
medicines and in agriculture and electronics. Richard Heck, Ei-ichi
Negishi and Akira Suzuki were honored for their development in the
1960s and '70s of one of the most sophisticated tools available to
chemists today, called palladium-catalyzed cross coupling.
(AP, 10/6/10)
2010 Oct 7, The 2010 Nobel
Prize in literature was awarded to Peruvian writer Mario Vargas
Llosa (b.1936) "for his cartography of structures of power and his
trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt and defeat.”
(AP, 10/7/10)
2010 Oct 8, The Nobel Committee
named imprisoned Chinese scholar Liu Xiaobo the 2010 Peace Prize
winner for "his long and nonviolent struggle for fundamental human
rights in China." The decision by the five-member committee
appointed by the Norwegian Parliament came over the objection of the
Chinese government, which considers Liu a criminal.
(AP, 10/8/10)
2010 Oct 11, Two Americans and
a British-Cypriot economist won the 2010 Nobel economics prize for
developing a theory that helps explain why many people can remain
unemployed despite a large number of job vacancies. Federal Reserve
board nominee Peter Diamond was honored along with Dale Mortensen
and Christopher Pissarides for their analysis of the obstacles that
prevent buyers and sellers from efficiently pairing up in markets.
(AP, 10/11/10)
2010 Nov 18, The Norwegian
Nobel Committee Russia, Kazakhstan, Cuba, Morocco, Iraq and China
have declined to attend the December 10 Nobel Peace Prize ceremony
for jailed Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo. 16 more countries had not
replied by the committee's extended deadline. An award spokesman
said the Nobel Peace Prize may not be handed out this year because
no one from imprisoned Liu Xiaobo's family is likely to attend the
ceremony.
(AP, 11/18/10)
2010 Dec 7, In Norway Nobel
officials said China and 18 other countries have declined to attend
this year's Nobel Peace Prize ceremony honoring imprisoned Chinese
dissident Liu Xiaobo, as China unleashed a new barrage deriding the
decision.
(AP, 12/7/10)
2010 Dec 8, Serbia's decision
to boycott the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony honoring imprisoned
Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo triggered criticism from human rights
activists and the EU, which expressed shock that the candidate for
EU entry would meet China's demands. Serbia feared its attendance
could anger China, which has supported Belgrade in opposing the 2008
independence declaration of its former province of Kosovo.
(AP, 12/8/10)
2010 Dec 10, Dignitaries in
Norway celebrated this year's Nobel Peace Prize winner, imprisoned
Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo, with an empty chair. Xiaobo,
derided by Beijing as a political farce, dedicated it from his
prison cell to the "lost souls" of the 1989 Tiananmen Square
crackdown.
(AP, 12/10/10)(Reuters, 12/10/10)
2010 Dec 10, Serbia reversed
its boycott of the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony honoring imprisoned
Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo after facing sharp criticism from the
EU and human rights activists at home.
(AP, 12/10/10)
2011 Sep 30, Ralph Steinman of
Rockefeller University in New York, co-winner of this year's Nobel
Prize in medicine, died. His prize was announced Oct 3.
(AP, 10/3/11)
2011 Oct 3, Sweden’s Nobel
committee at Stockholm's Karolinska institute said three scientists
won the Nobel Prize in medicine for discoveries about the immune
system that opened new avenues for the treatment and prevention of
infectious illnesses and cancer. American Bruce Beutler and French
scientist Jules Hoffmann shared the 10 million-kronor ($1.5 million)
award with Canadian-born Ralph Steinman.
(AP, 10/3/11)
2011 Oct 4, Three US-born
scientists won the Nobel Prize in physics for overturning a
fundamental assumption in their field by showing that the expansion
of the universe is constantly accelerating. During the 1990s, Saul
Perlmutter, Brian Schmidt and Adam Riess found that the light from
more than 50 distant exploding stars was far weaker than they
expected, meaning that galaxies had to be racing away from each
other at increasing speed.
(AP, 10/4/11)
2011 Oct 5, Israeli scientist
Dan Shechtman was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for a
discovery that faced skepticism and mockery. While doing research in
the US in 1982, Shechtman discovered a new chemical structure,
quasicrystals, that researchers previously thought was impossible.
(AP, 10/5/11)
2011 Oct 6, The Nobel Prize in
literature was awarded to Sweden’s top poet Tomas Transtromer (80).
(AP, 10/7/11)
2011 Oct 7, The Nobel Peace
Prize was awarded to Tawakkul Karman (32) of Yemen. She shared the
prize with Liberian President Ellen Sirleaf Johnson and Liberian
peace activist Leymah Gbowee, as the Nobel committee gave a nod to
the Arab Spring.
(AP, 10/7/11)
Go to
http://www.timelinesdb.com
Subject = Nobel Prize
Here's a list of especially noteworthy recipients of Nobel:
Prizes on this day in history: (PEACE Prizes unless otherwise
noted)
Jean Henri Dunant and Frederic Passy (1901)
President Theodore Roosevelt (1906)
Ruyard Kipling (Literature, 1907)
JD Van de Waals (Physics, 1910)
Tobias Asser (1911)
Kamerlingh Onnes (Physics, 1913)
President Woodrow Wilson (1919)
Fridtjof Nansen, Niels Bohr & Albert Einstein (Physics, 1922)
Willem Einthoven (Medicine, 1924)
George Bernard Shaw (Literature, 1925)
Jane Addams (PEACE, First American Woman, 1931)
PBJ Debije (Chemistry, 1936)
Ralph J Bunche (PEACE, First African American, 1950)
Albert Schweitzer (1954)
Dr Martin Luther King Jr (1964)
Henry Kissinger (1973)
Andrei Sakharov (accepted by wife Yelena Bonner, 1975)
Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat (1978)
Lech Walesa (1983)
Bishop Desmond Tutu (1984)
Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel (1986)
Nelson Mandela (1993)
Shimon Peres (1994)
Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres & Yasser Arafat (1994)
David Trimble and John Hume (1998)
Peace Prizes:
2003 — Shirin Ebadi, Iran.
2002 — Former President Jimmy Carter.
2001 — United Nations and Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
2000 — Kim Dae-jung, South Korea.
1999 — Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders).
1998 — David Trimble and John Hume, Northern Ireland.
1997 — Jody Williams and the International Campaign to Ban
Landmines,
United States.
1996 — Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and Jose Ramos-Horta, East Timor.
1995 — Joseph Rotblat, Britain, and the Pugwash Conferences on
Science
and World Affairs.
1994 — Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat; Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon
Peres, Israel.
1993 — Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk, South Africa.
1992 — Rigoberta Menchu, Guatemala.
1991 — Aung San Suu Kyi, Myanmar.
1990 — Mikhail Gorbachev, Soviet Union.
1989 — The Dalai Lama, Tibet.
1987 — Oscar Arias Sanchez, Costa Rica.
1986 — Elie Wiesel, United States.
1985 — International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War,
United States.
1984 — Desmond Mpilo Tutu, South Africa.
1983 — Lech Walesa, Poland.
1982 — Alva Myrdal, Sweden; Alfonso Garcia Robles, Mexico.
1981 — Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees.
1980 — Adolfo Perez Esquivel, Argentina.
1979 — Mother Teresa, India.
1978 — Anwar Sadat, Egypt; Menachem Begin, Israel.
1977 — Amnesty International, Britain.
1976 — Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan, Northern Ireland.
1975 — Andrei Sakharov, Soviet Union.
1974 — Sean MacBride, Ireland; Eisaku Sato, Japan.
1973 — Henry Kissinger, United States; Le Duc Tho, Democratic
Republic
of Vietnam, who declined the prize.
End of file