Today in History - April 5
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828 Apr 5,
Nicephorus (~77), patriarch of Constantinople (806-815), died.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1242 Apr 5, Russian troops
repelled an invasion attempt by Teutonic Knights. Alexander Nevsky
of Novgorod defeated Teutonic Knights
(HN, 4/5/99)(MC, 4/5/02)
1531 Apr 5, Richard Roose was
boiled to death for trying to poison an archbishop.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1585 Apr 5, Clemens Crabbeels
became bishop of Hertogenbosch.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1588 Apr 5, Thomas Hobbes,
English philosopher (Leviathan) , was born.
(HN, 5/5/97)
1603 Apr 5, New English king
James I departed Edinburgh for London.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1614 Apr 5, American Indian
princess Pocahontas (d.1617) married English Jamestown colonist John
Rolfe in Virginia. Having converted to Christianity, she went by the
name Lady Rebecca. Their marriage brought a temporary peace between
the English settlers and the Algonquians.
(HN, 5/5/97)(SFEC, 10/15/00, p.T12)(AP, 4/5/08)
1614 Apr 5, 2nd parliament of
King James I began session (no enactments).
(MC, 4/5/02)
1621 Apr 5, The Mayflower
sailed from Plymouth, Mass., on a return trip to England.
(AP, 5/5/97)
1626 Apr 5, Jan van Kessel
(d.1679), Flemish painter, was born. He was the grandson of Jan
Breughel. He is known for his small paintings on copper and wood.
His “Study of Butterflies, Spiders, Lizards, a Beetle, an Ant, a
Grasshopper and Other Insects” sold at a Sotheby’s auction in 2000
for $1,655,750.
(WSJ, 6/9/00, p.W10)(MC, 4/5/02)
1648 Apr 5, Spanish troops and
feudal barons struck down people's uprising in Naples.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1649 Apr 5, Elihu Yale (1721),
the English philanthropist for whom Yale University is named, was
born.
(WUD, 1994, p.1652)(AP, 4/5/99)
1649 Apr 5, John Winthrop (61),
1st governor of the colony at Mass. Bay, died. [see Mar 26]
(MC, 4/5/02)
1673 Apr 5, Francois Caron
(~72), admiral, governor (Formosa), drowned.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1698 Apr 5, Georg Gottfried
Wagner, composer, was born.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1722 Apr 5, On Easter Sunday
Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen discovered a Polynesian Island 1400
miles from the coast of South America and named it Easter Island. He
noted that the island was treeless and wondered how its massive
statues were erected. Much of the population was later wiped out and
the island became a possession of Chile. An indigenous script called
rongorongo survived but by 2002 was still not deciphered. In 2005
Steven Roger Fischer authored “Island at the End of the World: The
Turbulent History of Easter Island.”
(WSJ, 1/7/05,
p.W1)(http://islandheritage.org/eihistory.html)(Econ, 7/23/05, p.77)
1725 Apr 5, Giacomo Casanova,
Italian writer, philanderer, adventurer, was born. [see Apr 2]
(MC, 4/5/02)
1732 Apr 5, Jean Honore
Fragonard (d.1806), France, painter, was born. He painted “The Shady
Grove.” Hubert Robert was a painter friend and the painting "La
Jardinaire" was painted by one or the other.
(WUD, 1994, p.562)(WSJ, 2/19/99, p.W12)(AAP,
1964)(MC, 4/5/02)
1753 Apr 5, British Museum
formed. It opened in 1759.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R53)(MC, 4/5/02)
1765 Apr 5, Edward Young (81),
English poet (Love of Fame), died.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1768 Apr 5, 1st US Chamber of
Commerce formed in NYC.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1784 Apr 5, Louis [Ludwig]
Spohr, German violin virtuoso, composer (Faust), was born.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1788 Apr 5, Franz Pforr, German
painter, cartoonist (Lukasbund), was born.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1792 Apr 5, George Washington
cast the first presidential veto, rejecting a congressional measure
for apportioning representatives among the states.
(AP, 5/5/97)(HN, 5/5/97)
1794 Apr 5, Georges-Jacques
Danton (b.1759), French revolutionary leader, was guillotined along
with Marie Jean Herault de Sechelles, French author, politician, and
Camille Desmoullins, popular journalist. In 2009 Jonathan Cape
authored “Danton: The Gentle Giant of Terror.”
(Econ, 7/18/09,
p.80)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Danton)
1803 Apr 5, 1st performance of
Beethoven's 2nd Symphony in D.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1806 Apr 5, Isaac Quintard
patented apple cider.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1811 Apr 5, Robert Raikes,
founder of Sunday Schools, died.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1815 Apr 5, Mount Tambora on
Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, in the Java Sea began erupting. [see Apr
10]
(NOHY, 3/90,
p.41)(www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9071099)
1827 Apr 5, Joseph Lister
(d.1912), English physician, was born. He founded the idea of using
antiseptics during surgery.
(WUD, 1994, p.836)(HN, 4/5/99)
1830 Apr 5, Alexander Muir,
poet (Maple Leaf Forever), was born in Lesmahagow, Scotland.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1837 Apr 5, Algernon Charles
Swinburne (d.1909), English poet (Atalanta in Calydon), was born.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1839 Apr 5, Robert Smalls,
black congressman from South Carolina, 1875-87, was born.
(HN, 5/5/97)
1843 Apr 5, Queen Victoria
proclaimed Hong Kong a British crown colony.
(HN, 4/5/99)
1856 Apr 5, Booker T.
Washington, Black American educator, was born in Franklin County,
Va. The former slave later founded the Tuskegee Institute. Booker
Taliaferro Washington later became the 1st black on US stamp. His
autobiography "Up From Slavery" was listed in 1999 as the 3rd best
work of non-fiction in the English language in the 20th century by
the Modern Library.
(AP, 5/5/97)(HN, 4/5/99)(SFC, 4/29/99, p.C5)
1858 Apr 5, Washington Atlee
Burpee, founded the world's largest mail-order seed company, was
born.
(HN, 4/5/01)
1861 Apr 5, Gideon Wells, the
Secretary of the Navy, issued official orders for the relief of Fort
Sumter in Charleston Harbor, S.C.
(HN, 4/5/99)
1861 Apr 5, Federals abandoned
Ft. Quitman, Tx.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1862 Apr 5, Siege of Yorktown,
VA., continued.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1865 Apr 5, As the Confederate
army approached Appomattox, it skirmished with Union army at Amelia
Springs and Paine's Cross Road, Va.
(HN, 4/5/99)(MC, 4/5/02)
1874 Apr 5, Johann Strauss,
Jr.'s Opera "Die Fledermaus" was produced in Vienna.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1887 Apr 5, In Tuscumbia, Ala.,
teacher Anne Sullivan taught her blind and deaf pupil, Helen Keller,
the word "water" as spelled out in the Manual Alphabet.
(AP, 5/5/97)
1887 Apr 5, British historian
Lord Acton wrote, "Power tends to corrupt and absolute power
corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men."
(AP, 5/5/08)
1889 Apr 5, Start of Sherlock
Holmes' "Adventure of Copper Beeches."
(MC, 4/5/02)
1894 Apr 5, 11 strikers were
killed in riot at Connellsville, Penn.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1894 Apr 5, Start of Sherlock
Holmes' "Adventure of Empty House."
(MC, 4/5/02)
1895 Apr 5, Start of Sherlock
Holmes' "Adventure of 3 Students."
(MC, 4/5/02)
1895 Apr 5, Playwright Oscar
Wilde lost his criminal libel case against the Marquess of
Queensberry, who had accused the writer of homosexual practices.
(AP, 5/5/97)
1900 Apr 5, Spencer Tracy
(d.1967), film actor (Adam's Rib, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner), was
born.
(SFEC, 4/2/00, DB p.56,58)(HN, 4/5/01)
1900 Apr 5, An assassination
attempt of Prince of Wales in Brussels failed.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1901 Apr 5, Chester Bowles,
ambassador, writer (Conscience of a Liberal), was born in Mass.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1901 Apr 5, Melvyn Douglas,
[Hesselberg], actor (Hud, Ghost Story), was born in Macon, Ga.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1902 Apr 5, Maurice Ravel's
"Pavane pour une infante defunte," premiered in Paris.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1908 Apr 5, Bette Davis
(d.1989), film actress (Jezebel, All About Eve), was born. "Love is
not enough. It must be the foundation, the cornerstone -- but not
the complete structure. It is much too pliable, too yielding."
(AP, 7/15/99)(HN, 4/5/01)
1908 Apr 5, Herbert von
Karajan, Nazi, conductor (Berlin Philharmonic), was born in Austria.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1908 Apr 5, George Schick,
conductor (Chicago Symphony), was born in Prague, Czech.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1908 Apr 5, Japanese Army
reached the Yalu River as the Russians retreated.
(HN, 5/5/97)
1915 Apr 5, Jack Johnson
(1878-1946), African-American heavyweight champion boxer since 1908,
lost the heavyweight championship in Cuba to Jess Willard in the
26th round.
(SFC, 1/17/05,
p.D6)(www.hickoksports.com/biograph/johnsonjack.shtml)
1915 Apr 5, Black American
educator Booker T. Washington (b.1856) died. His autobiography "Up
From Slavery" was listed in 1999 as the 3rd best work of non-fiction
in the English language in the 20th century by the Modern Library.
(AP, 4/5/97)(WUD, 1994, p.1611)(SFC, 4/29/99,
p.C5)
1916 Apr 5, Gregory Peck, film
actor (To Kill a Mockingbird), was born in La Jolla, Calif.
(HN, 4/5/01)(MC, 4/5/02)
1917 Apr 5, Robert Bloch,
sci-fi author (Hugo, Psycho), was born.
(HN, 4/5/01)(MC, 4/5/02)
1919 Apr 5, Eamon de Valera
became Taoiseach (prime minister) of Ireland (Dail Eireann).
(HN, 5/5/97)(MC, 4/5/02)
1919 Apr 5, Polish Army
executed 35 young Jews.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1920 Apr 5, Arthur Hailey
(d.2004), author, was born in Luton, England. His later novels
included “Hotel” and ”Airport.”
(HN, 4/5/01)(SFC, 11/26/04, p.B3)
1920 Apr 5, Japanese forces
landed in Vladivostok.
(HN, 5/5/97)
1923 Apr 5, Michael V. Gazzo,
actor (Cookie, Fear City), was born in Hillside, NJ.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1923 Apr 5, Firestone Co. put
their inflatable tires into production.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1923 Apr 5, George Edward
Stanhope Molyneux Herbert (56), England’s 5th Earl of Lord
Carnarvon, died in Egypt from an infected mosquito bite. He financed
the excavation of the Egyptian New Kingdom Pharaoh Tutankhamen’s
tomb in Egypt's Valley of the Kings.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Herbert,_5th_Earl_of_Carnarvon)
1923 Apr 5, Nguyen Van Thieu,
president of South Vietnam (1965-75), selected this date as his
birth date on the grounds that it was luckier than his Nov 1924
birthday.
(HN, 5/5/97)(SFC, 10/1/01, p.B2)(MC, 4/5/02)
1925 Apr 5, A few people
gathered in Robinson’s drugstore in Dayton, Tennessee, agree that
the Butler Bill, opposing the teaching of evolution, might provide a
grand opportunity for profit if they can arrange for the trial to
happen in their town.
(Nat. Hist., 4/96, p.74-76)
1926 Apr 5, Roger Corman,
producer, director (Little Shop of Horrors), was born in Detroit.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1927 Apr 5, Johnny Weissmuller
set records in 100 and 200 m. free style.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1928 Apr 5, David Farquhar
Andress, composer, was born.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1930 Apr 5, Mahatma Ghandi
defied British law by making salt in India instead of buying it from
the British.
(HN, 4/5/99)
1932 Apr 5, A Dutch textile
strike was broken by trade unions.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1936 Apr 5, Tupelo,
Mississippi, was virtually annihilated by a tornado and 216 died.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1937 Apr 5, Colin Powell, U.S.
Army general, was born in Bronx, New York. He later became the
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff during the Persian Gulf War
and first African American to serve in the position. In 2000
Pres.-elect Bush appointed him to be Sec. of State.
(HFA, '96, p.28)(HN, 4/5/99)(SSFC, 12/17/00,
p.A14)
1938 Apr 5, Anti-Jewish riots
broke out in Dabrowa, Poland.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1939 Apr 5, Membership in
Hitler Youth became obligatory.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1941 Apr 5, German commandos
secured docks along the Danube River in preparation for Germany's
invasion of the Balkans.
(HN, 4/5/99)
1943 Apr 5, The British 8th
Army attacked the next blocking position of the retreating Axis
forces at Wadi Akarit.
(HN, 4/5/99)
1944 Apr 5, 140 Lancasters
bombed airplane manufacturer in Toulouse.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1946 Apr 5, Vincent Millie
Youmans (47), US composer (Tea For Two), died.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1948 Apr 5, WGN TV channel 9 in
Chicago, IL., began broadcasting.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1949 Apr 5, The 60 year old St.
Anthony's Hospital burned and killed 77 in Effingham, Ill.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1951 Apr 5, Husband and wife
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg of New York City were sentenced to death
by Judge Irving R. Kaufman on charges of selling US atomic secrets
to the Soviet Union, enabling the Soviets to detonate their first
nuclear weapon in 1949. Although the couple consistently claimed to
be innocent, a jury of 11 men and one woman found them guilty on
March 30 on the evidence provided by key government witness David
Greenglass, Ethel Rosenberg's brother. Co-defendant Morton Sobell
was sentenced to 30 years in prison. He was released in 1969. The
Rosenbergs were electrocuted on June 19, 1953, leaving behind two
young sons.
(CL, 4/5/96)(AP, 5/5/97)(HN, 5/5/97)(HNPD,
4/5/99)(AP, 4/5/04)
1951 Apr 5, In San Francisco
the first fully separate food section made its Chronicle debut.
(SSFC, 6/7/09, p.W3)
1955 Apr 5, Richard J. Daley
was elected mayor of Chicago. He served 6 terms until his death in
1976.
(www.chipublib.org/004chicago/mayors/daley1.html)(Econ, 3/18/06,
Survey p.14)
1955 Apr 5, Winston Churchill
resigned as British prime minister. He was replaced by Anthony Eden
who served to 1957. Eden's biography by Sir Robert Rhodes James
(d.1999 at 66) was published in 1987.
(HN, 5/5/97)(SFC, 5/25/99, p.Be)
1962 Apr 5, Herb Gardner's
"Thousand Clowns," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1962 Apr 5, NASA civilian pilot
Neil A. Armstrong took the X-15 to 54,600 m.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1962 Apr 5, St. Bernard Tunnel
was finished and Swiss and Italians workers shook hands.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1964 Apr 5, Army Gen. Douglas
MacArthur (b.1880) died in Washington, D.C. In 1978 William
Manchester authored: "American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur." In 2006
Robert Harvey authored “American Shogun: A Tale of Two Cultures,”
which includes a biography of Japan’s Emp. Hirohito in parallel with
MacArthur.
(AP, 4/5/97)(BS, 5/3/98, p.13E)(WSJ, 8/3/06,
p.D5)
1964 Apr 5, 1st driverless
trains ran on the London Underground.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1965 Apr 5, In the 37th Academy
Awards "My Fair Lady," Rex Harrison and Julie Andrews won.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1965 Apr 5, Lava Lamp Day was
celebrated.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1965 Apr 5, The second
Indo-Pakistani conflict began when fighting broke out in the Rann of
Kachchh, a sparsely inhabited region along the West Pakistan-India
border.
(Encyclopaedia.com, 2002)
1967 Apr 5, Pres. Johnson
appointed Ellsworth Bunker (1894-1984) as the new ambassador to
Saigon, South Vietnam. Bunker replaced Lodge and continued as
ambassador to 1973.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_South_Vietnam)
1968 Apr 5, Riots erupted
across the US following the King assassination.
(CL, 4/5/96)
1968 Apr 5, In Vietnam the
siege of Khe Sahn ended after 76 days.
(HN, 5/5/97)
1970 Apr 5, Six Nepalese
Sherpas died in an avalanche during a Japanese skiing expedition on
Everest.
(SFC, 5/15/96,
A-10)(www.everestsummiteersassociation.org/listofdeadoneverst.htm)
1971 Apr 5, In Sicily, Italy,
Mount Etna began a series of eruptions.
(http://boris.vulcanoetna.com/ETNA_erupt2.html)
1971 Apr 5-1971 Apr 23, In
Ceylon (later Sri Lanka) the People’s Liberation Front attempted a
nationwide coup, but the army and Mr. Bandaranaike’s government
regained control.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)
1972 Apr 5, The Harrisburg 7
trial ended in mistrial after 11 weeks. Philip Berrigan & Sister
Elizabeth McAllister were declared guilty, but only of smuggling
letters in & out of prison.
(www.well.com/~mareev/TIMELINE/1971-1972.html)
1973 Apr 5, Pioneer 11, built
to be a backup if Pioneer 10 failed, was launched from Kennedy Space
Center in Florida, on an Atlas-Centaur rocket, on a trajectory
similar to Pioneer 10. After Pioneer 10 completed the first ever
successful encounter with Jupiter, Pioneer 11 was re-targeted, even
while it was flying outward, for an eventual encounter with Saturn
after its visit to Jupiter in December, 1973.
(http://www.spacetoday.org/SolSys/ThePioneers.html)
1974 Apr 5, The World Trade
Center (WTC), the tallest building in the world at 110 stories,
opened in NYC.
(HN, 5/5/97)
1975 Apr 5, Chiang Kai-shek
(b.1887), Chinese statesman and president of the Republic
(1943-1950) and President of the Republic of China, Taiwan
(1950-1975), died at age 87. Madame Chiang Kai-shek (Soong Mayling)
moved to New York following her husband's death. In 1982 Sterling
Seagrave authored "The Soong Dynasty." In 2009 Jay Taylor authored
“The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern
China.”
(WUD, 1994, p.254)(AP, 5/5/97)(SFC, 1/27/00,
p.E1,5)(Econ, 5/9/09, p.86)
1976 Apr 5, Tom Stoppard's
"Dirty Linen," premiered in London.
(www.donshewey.com/theater_reviews/dirty_linen.html)
1976 Apr 5, Reclusive
billionaire Howard Hughes died in Houston at age 72. In 1993 Charles
Higham authored “Howard Hughes: The Secret Life.” In 1996 Peter
Harry Brown and Pat H. Broeske authored "Howard Hughes: The Untold
Story." Hughes had hired a coterie of Mormons to take care of his
confidential business. These included Frank William Gay (1920-2007),
who led Hughes’ Summa Corp. from 1970-1978.
(AP, 4/5/97)(SFC, 10/21/00, p.A24)(WSJ, 5/26/07,
p.A6)
1976 Apr 5, James Callaghan
became PM of England. He served until May 4, 1979.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Callaghan)
1979 Apr 5, The play “Faith
Healer” by Brian Friel opened on Broadway with James Mason as Frank.
It closed after 3 weeks.
(Econ, 2/25/06,
p.88)(www.ibdb.com/production.asp?ID=3933)
1980 Apr 5, Eleven Puerto Rican
FALN members were arrested for attempting to rob an armored truck at
Northwestern University; three were linked to the raid on the
Carter-Mondale campaign headquarters. Several of those arrested were
granted clemency in 1999.
(WSJ, 9/14/99, p.A22)
1980 Apr 5, Sister Margaret Ann
Pahl (71) was stabbed about 30 times and strangled to death. Her
body was found in the chapel of Mercy Hospital, Toledo, Ohio. In
2004 Rev. Gerald Robinson (63) was arrested for the murder. In 2006
Robinson was convicted of murder.
(SFC, 4/24/04, p.A2)(SFC, 5/12/06, p.A3)
1981 Apr 5, It was reported
that Yugoslav authorities appeared to be sending extra militia units
to the southern province of Kosovo after nationalist demonstrations
in which 35 people were injured and scores arrested.
(http://tinyurl.com/2n6atk)
1982 Apr 5, Abe Fortas
(b.1910), former Supreme court justice (1965-1969), died. He had
resigned on May 14, 1969, under pressure for the acceptance of an
allegedly illegal payment from a former business associate.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abe_Fortas)
1982 Apr 5, Lord Carrington
(b.1919) resigned as Britain’s foreign secretary.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington)
1983 Apr 5, France threw out 47
Soviet diplomats accusing them of espionage..
(http://tinyurl.com/2n2m92)
1984 Apr 5, In California Tina
Faelz (14) was stabbed to death in a culvert under I-680 while she
was walking home from school in Pleasanton. Fellow students
discovered her body shortly afterward. On Aug 8, 2011, the
Pleasanton Police Department announced morning that Steven J.
Carlson (43), a former classmate of the Foothill High student has
been arrested in her killing.
(SFC, 8/9/11, p.A1)
1984 Apr 5, Arthur Travers
("Bomber") Harris (b.1892), marshal of British RAF, died.
(www.ihr.org/jhr/v05/v05p431_Lutton.html)
1986 Apr 5, A Berlin nightclub
was bombed. US Sgt. Kenneth Ford (21) and Nermin Hannay (29) died at
the scene. Sgt. James Goins (25) died later in hospital. 230 people
were injured. Palestinian Yasser Shraydi (Chraidi) was suspected of
playing a lead role in the bombing of the La Belle discotheque. In
1996 he was extradited from Lebanon to face charges in Germany. In
1996 Andrea Hasler was arrested in Greece and extradited to Germany.
Also a woman named Verena Chanaa, suspected of planting the bomb,
and her former husband named Ali Chanaa were arrested in Berlin. In
1997 Musbah Abulghasen Eter was arrested by Italian police in Rome
in connection with the bombing. In 2001 V. Chanaa was sentenced to
14 years, A. Chanaa and Eter were sentenced to 12 years, and Chraidi
was sentenced to 14 years. Libya was implicated and in 2004 agreed
to pay $35 million in compensation.
(SFC, 5/234/96, p.A14)(SFC, 10/12/96, p.A12)(WSJ,
8/28/97, p.A1)(SFC, 8/28/97, p.C3)(SFC, 11/14/01, p.A18)(AP, 9/3/04)
1986 Apr 5, Manly Wade Wellman
(b.1903), sci-fi author (Devil's Planet), died.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manly_Wade_Wellman)
1987 Apr 5, Fox Broadcasting
Co. made its prime-time TV debut by airing the premiere episodes of
"Married ... With Children" and "The Tracey Ullman Show" three times
each. In 2004 Daniel M. Kimmel authored “The Fourth Network.” Ron
Leavitt (1947-2008), writer and producer, co-created “Married… With
Children” with Michael Moye.
(AP, 4/5/02)(WSJ, 6/11/04, p.W4)(SFC, 2/13/08,
p.B7)
1987 Apr 5, In New York state
the Schoharie Creek Bridge, a New York State Thruway bridge over the
Schoharie Creek near Fort Hunter, collapsed killing 10 people.
(SFC, 4/11/09,
p.D12)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoharie_Creek_Bridge_collapse)
1988 Apr 5 Gov. Michael S.
Dukakis won a solid victory in Wisconsin's Democratic presidential
primary while, on the Republican side, Vice President George Bush
overwhelmed his opposition.
(AP, 5/5/97)
1988 Apr 5, Honduran and US
authorities captured Juan Ramon Matta-Ballesteros (b.1945). He was
taken from Honduras by US marshals, triggering violent protests, the
burning of a US Embassy office and the deaths of five people. In
2011 a court issued warrants for the arrest of 11 former officials
accused of helping US authorities seize the drug trafficker.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Matta-Ballesteros)(AP, 8/10/11)
1988 Apr 5 A 15-day hijacking
ordeal began as gunmen forced a Kuwait Airways jumbo jet to land in
Iran.
(AP, 5/5/97)
1988 Apr 5, Alf Kjellin,
Swedish actor, director (Juggler), died.
(www.tv.com/alf-kjellin/person/24487/summary.html)
1989 Apr 5, Joseph Hazelwood,
former captain of the Exxon Valdez supertanker that leaked nearly 11
million gallons of oil into Alaska's Prince William Sound,
surrendered to authorities in New York.
(AP, 4/5/99)
1989 Apr 5, The government of
Poland signed an agreement restoring the independent labor movement
Solidarity after a seven-year ban.
(AP, 4/5/99)
1990 Apr 5, It was announced
that President Bush and Soviet President Gorbachev would hold their
first full-scale summit in the United States.
(AP, 4/5/00)
1990 Apr 5, Paul Newman won a
court victory over Julius Gold to keep giving all profits from
Newman foods to charity.
(http://openweb.tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/1990-4/1990-04-05-CBS-15.html)
1991 Apr 5, The US government
reported the nation’s jobless rate surged to six-point-eight percent
in March.
(AP, 4/5/01)
1991 Apr 5, The space shuttle
“Atlantis” blasted off on a mission that included the deploying of
the second of “NASA’s” Great Observatories. NASA launched the $670
million Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. It was directed to a suicide
plunge in 2000.
(SFC, 3/24/00, p.A5)(SFC, 6/3/00, p.A6)(AP,
4/5/01)
1991 Apr 5, Former Texas
Senator John Tower, his daughter and 21 other people were killed in
a commuter plane crash near Brunswick, Georgia.
(AP, 4/5/01)
1991 Apr 5, The UN adopted
Resolution 688, which condemned Sadam Hussein’s suppression of the
Kurds and demanded respect and political rights for all citizens. A
safe haven was established above Iraq’s 36th parallel.
(www.fas.org/news/un/iraq/sres/sres0688.htm)(SFC,
9/4/96, p.A7)
1992 Apr 5, In Washington,
D.C., a crowd estimated by authorities at half a million marched in
support of abortion rights.
(AP, 4/5/97)
1992 Apr 5, Wal-Mart founder
Sam Walton died in Little Rock, Ark., at age 74.
(AP, 4/5/97)
1992 Apr 5, A medical student
(Suada Dilberovic) became the first fatality of war in
Bosnia-Herzegovina as Serb nationalists began forcibly opposing the
republic's secession from Yugoslavia.
(AP, 4/5/97)
1992 Apr 5, Pres. Fujimori
seized dictatorial power by sending tanks to shut down Peru's
Congress and judiciary. Former president Alan Garcia fled Peru to
avoid arrest by the Fujimori regime. In 2008 Peru's Cabinet chief
testified at the trial of former President Alberto Fujimori that
security forces attempted to assassinate Garcia following the shut
down of Congress.
(SFC, 1/19/01, p.D4)(AP, 1/18/08)
1993 Apr 5 North Carolina
defeated Michigan 77-71 to win its first NCAA basketball
championship in 11 years.
(AP, 5/5/97)
1993 Apr 5 The European
Community called for more and tighter sanctions on Serbia to try to
force Belgrade's allies in Bosnia to accept a peace plan.
(AP, 5/5/97)
1994 Apr 5, "Jackie Mason
Politically Incorrect" opened at the John Golden Theater in NYC for
347 performances.
(www.theatredb.com/QShow.php?sid=s0495)
1994 Apr 5, President Clinton
presided over a 90-minute town hall meeting in Charlotte, N.C., in
which he called himself the victim of "false charges" in connection
with the Whitewater controversy.
(AP, 4/5/99)
1994 Apr 5, Kurt Cobain
(b.1967), singer-musician for the grunge band Nirvana, committed
suicide in Seattle. [see Apr 8]
(NW, 10/28/02,
p.68)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_)
1994 Apr 5, Andre Victor
Tchelistcheff (b.1901), Russian-born winemaker, died in California.
He developed frost-prevention techniques and helped curb vine
disease in Napa Valley. Beside managing Beaulieu Vineyards in Napa
for 35 years, Tchelistcheff operated a private wine laboratory in
St. Helena for 15 years. He also assembled a fabled library of wine
literature.
(http://tinyurl.com/8kqmd)
1995 Apr 5, The House of
Representatives passed, 246-188, a tax-cut bill, the final major
item in the Republicans' "Contract with America."
(AP, 4/5/00)
1996 Apr 5, Accompanied by six
children who survived the Oklahoma City bombing, President Clinton
bowed his head in silent prayer at the site where 168 people were
killed almost a year earlier.
(AP, 4/5/01)
1996 Apr 5, Francis Wood,
administrator of the China dept. of the British Library questioned
the authenticity of Marco Polo’s travels in a study titled: “Did
Marco Polo Go to China?”
(SFC, 4/6/96, p.D-2)
1996 Apr 5, Heavy fighting in
Mogadishu, Somalia left 75 people dead, after peace talks broke down
between clan leaders Mohamed Farak Aidid and his former backer,
Osman Hassan Ali Ato.
(SFC, 4/6/96, p.D-2)
1997 Apr 5 Allen Ginsberg
(b.1926), the counterculture guru who shattered conventions as poet
laureate of the Beat Generation, died in New York City at age 70.
His last book of poems "Death and Fame: Last Poems 1993-1997" was
edited by Bob Rosenthal, Peter Hale and Bill Morgan following his
death. In 2000 Bill Morgan edited "Deliberate Prose: Selected Essays
1952-1995." In 2001 David Carter edited "Allen Ginsberg: Spontaneous
Mind, The Selected Interviews, 1958-1996." In 2006 Bill Morgan
authored “I Celebrate Myself: The Somewhat Private Life of Allen
Ginsberg.”
(SFEC, 4/6/97, p.A11)(AP, 5/5/97)(WSJ, 4/2/99,
p.W6)(SFEC, 5/9/99, BR p.3)(SFEC, 3/5/00, DB p.4)(SSFC, 4/8/01, BR
p.2)(SSFC, 11/5/06, p.M1)
1997 Apr 5, Regional police
reported the arrest of 7 men in Novosibirsk, Russia, who officials
said planned to smuggle 11 pounds (5.2kg) of enriched uranium to
Pakistan or China. The uranium was reportedly stolen from a plant in
the former Soviet republic of Kazakhstan.
(AP, 11/29/07)(http://tinyurl.com/3cydhn)
1997 Apr 5, From Serbia it was
reported the Pres. Milosevic might step down from Serbian presidency
at the end of his 2 terms and try to assume the ceremonial post of
president of all of Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro).
(SFC, 4/5/97, p.A8)
1997 Apr 5, In Zaire the rebels
agreed to allow a UN airlift of some 80,000 Rwandan refugees back to
their homeland.
(SFEC, 4/6/97, p.A17)
1998 Apr 5, In Leeds, England,
environment chiefs from the world's top eight industrialized nations
announced plans to curb the smuggling of hazardous waste, endangered
species and substances that damage the ozone layer.
(AP, 4/5/99)
1998 Apr 5, In Indonesia an
outbreak of dengue fever killed 125 people since the beginning of
the year in South Sumatra.
(SFEC, 4/5/98, p.T13)
1998 Apr 5, Iran and Iraq
exchanged 1,589 prisoners of war, bringing the number to over 4,000.
Up to 30,000 prisoners were thought to be held by both sides.
(SFC, 4/6/98, p.A16)
1998 Apr 5, In Japan the $3.8
billion, 12,906 foot Akashi Kaikyo Bridge linking the islands of
Shikoku and Honshu was opened. It was built to withstand an 8.5
earthquake and took ten years to build.
(SFEC, 4/6/98, p.A13)
1998 Apr 5 South Korea accepted
to reopen talks with North Korea on economic aid and other issues.
North Korea proposed yesterday that officials at the deputy minister
level meet in Beijing for talks.
(SFEC, 4/6/98, p.A12)
1999 Apr 5, The US Supreme
Court ruled that police can search the belongings of car passengers
while seeking evidence against the driver.
(WSJ, 4/6/99, p.A1)
1999 Apr 5, In Laramie, Wyo.,
Russell Henderson pleaded guilty to kidnapping and felony murder in
the death of Matthew Shepard, a gay college student.
(AP, 4/5/00)
1999 Apr 5, At Newport News,
Va., members of local 8888 of the United Steelworkers went on
strike. The shipyard offered a $2.49 per hour raise over 3 years as
opposed to the union demand for $3.95.
(SFC, 4/6/99, p.D1)
1999 Apr 5, In Kansas City,
Mo., 5 decomposing bodies were found in the home of Gary Beach (56)
and his stepson. Beach was arrested the next day. The 5 dead
included his stepson and were thought to have been dead from 2-7
days.
(SFC, 4/6/99, p.A3)(SFC, 4/7/99, p.A2)
1999 Apr 5, NATO attacks struck
Belgrade, Nis and Novi Sad in the most ferocious attacks for a 13th
straight day. The first Kosovo refugees were flown out to Norway and
Turkey and the US said it would take some 20,000 to Guantanamo Ari
Base in Cuba. Pres. Clinton asked for public donations for the
relief effort.
(SFC, 4/6/99, p.A1,8)(AP, 4/5/00)
1999 Apr 5, In Indonesia 2
people were killed during clashes in Liquisa, East Timor. Jose
Alexandre Gusmao, under house arrest in Jakarta, called for
guerrilla attacks against Indonesian forces. In Maluku province
soldiers found some 20 burned bodies in the village of Larat on Kai
Besar Island.
(SFC, 4/6/99, p.A10)
1999 Apr 5, In Macedonia ethnic
Albanians were blocked at the border due to extremely slow
processing by government officials. Political stability was feared
and the UN was denied a mandate to process the refugees.
(SFC, 4/6/99, p.A8)
1999 Apr 5, Iraq claimed that
US and British warplanes bombed a control station that delivered oil
approved for export on a UN humanitarian program.
(SFC, 4/7/99, p.A1)
1999 Apr 5, Libya handed over
to UN officials 2 men accused in the 1988 bombing of Pan Am flight
103. They were then flown to the Hague to be tried under Scottish
law. UN Sec. Gen'l. Kofi Annan immediately suspended economic
sanctions on Libya.
(SFC, 4/6/99, p.A1)(SFC, 4/6/99, p.A1)(WSJ,
4/6/99, p.A1)
1999 Apr 5, Serbia said a dozen
civilians were killed by NATO bombs at Aleksinac.
(WSJ, 4/7/99, p.A1)
1999 Apr 5, In Turkey a suicide
bomber killed himself and a teenage girl in an apparent attempt on
the life of Gov. Suleyman Kamci.
(SFC, 4/6/99, p.A10)
2000 Apr 5, Ending a two-year
investigation, a US independent counsel cleared Labor Secretary
Alexis Herman of allegations that she’d solicited $250,000 in
illegal campaign contributions.
(AP, 4/5/01)
2000 Apr 5, A 261-page report
by the 12-person National Research Council said “it was not aware of
any evidence suggesting foods on the market today are unsafe to eat
as a result of genetic modification.”
(SFC, 4/6/00, p.A3)
2000 Apr 5, The Netscape 6
browser was introduced.
(WSJ, 4/5/00, p.B1)
2000 Apr 5, The WHO and UNAIDS
recommended that the drug trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (or
cotrimoxazole) be used to fight AIDS in Africa. The antibiotic, also
known as Bactrim, would help victims live longer.
(SFC, 4/6/00, p.A10)
2000 Apr 5, In Brazil Jose
Rainha Jr., leader of the Landless Rural Workers Movement, was
acquitted of the 1989 killing of farm owner Jose Machado Neto.
(SFC, 4/6/00, p.A12)
2000 Apr 5, Yoshiro Mori took
over as Japan’s new prime minister, succeeding Keizo Obuchi, who’d
been felled by a stroke.
(AP, 4/5/01)
2000 Apr 5, In Mexico Rodolfo
Montiel, an imprisoned peasant leader, was awarded the $125,000
Goldman Environmental Prize for his efforts to protect the forests
of the Sierra Madre. 6 other winners were scheduled for Apr 17.
(SFC, 4/6/00, p.A16)
2000 Apr 5, In Pakistan Nawaz
Sharif was sentenced to life in prison for hijacking and terrorism
due to his Oct 12 refusal to let a passenger plane land with 198
people aboard.
(SFC, 4/6/00, p.A12)
2000 Apr 5, In Peru Alejandro
Toledo (54), the “Cholo,” rose dramatically in the polls as
opposition candidate to Pres. Alberto Fujimori, the “Chino.” Toledo
represented the Peru Possible Party.
(SFC, 4/6/00, p.A12)
2000 Apr 5, In Russia the FSB
arrested a US businessman for suspected espionage after he allegedly
bought information on defense technology from Russian scientists.
Edmond Pope was later identified as a retired navy captain working
for Pennsylvania State Univ. in applied research. The key witness
against Pope recanted his testimony in Nov.
(SFC, 4/6/00, p.A12)(USAT, 4/7/00, p.6A)(SFC,
11/11/00, p.A14)
2001 Apr 5, Wang Zhizhi of
China, 7 feet and 1 inch tall, made his NBA debut for the Dallas
Mavericks. Wang Zhizhi became the first Chinese player to play in
the NBA when he took the court for Dallas against Atlanta. He scored
six points and grabbed three rebounds as the Mavericks beat the
Hawks 108-to-94.
(SSFC, 4/15/01, p.A17)(AP, 4/5/02)
2001 Apr 5, The United States
and China intensified negotiations for the release of an American
spy plane's crew; President Bush, in a conciliatory gesture,
expressed regret over the plane's Apr 1 in-flight collision with a
Chinese fighter that triggered the tense standoff.
(SFC, 4/6/01, p.A1)(AP, 4/5/02)
2001 Apr 5, The DJIA rose 402
to 9,918, its 2nd largest point gain ever. The Nasdaq rose 146 to
1,785, its 3rd biggest % increase.
(SFC, 4/6/01, p.A1)
2001 April 5, Michelle Curran
(16) was reported missing in Las Vegas. She was kidnapped as she
hitchhiked, sexually abused for three weeks, and then shot in the
head. In 2006 Michael Thorton (50) and Janeen Snyder (26) were both
found guilty of murder, rape with a foreign object, and burglary.
The pair were sentenced to death.
(http://tinyurl.com/fww93)(SFC, 9/9/06, p.B2)
2001 cApr 5, Presidents Robert
Kocharian of Armenia and Heydar Aliyev of Azerbaijan met in Key
West, Fla., for negotiations on Nagorno-Karabakh. A new $2.7 billion
oil pipeline from Baku to Ceyhan, Turkey, was expected to pass just
north of the area. Halliburton Co., was a finalist in engineering
bids for the line and Vice President Chaney was the former chief
executive of Halliburton. National Security Advisor Condoleeza Rice
formerly served on the Board of Directors for Chevron, a player in
the pipeline bid.
(SFC, 4/4/01, p.A10)
2001 Apr 5, Dutch driver Perry
Wacker was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 14 years in
prison in the deaths of 58 Chinese immigrants who suffocated in his
truck in Dover, England.
(AP, 4/5/02)
2001 Apr 5, Iyad Hardan, head
of Sarai al-Quds, the military wing of the Islamic Jihad, was killed
in the explosion of a booby trapped pay phone in the West Bank.
(SFC, 4/6/01, p.A16)
2001 Apr 5, In Mexico Brig.
Gen. Ricardo Martinez was arrested with aides Capt. Pedro Maya and
Lt. Javier Quevedo on drug trafficking charges.
(SFC, 4/7/01, p.A14)
2001 Apr 5, In the Philippines
former Pres. Estrada was indicted for allegedly pocketing $82
million in kickbacks and payoffs over his 2 ½ years in
office.
(SFC, 4/6/01, p.D6)
2002 Apr 5, US mediator Anthony
Zinni met with Yasser Arafat in Ramallah as Israeli forces continued
their offensive. At least 35 Palestinians were killed on the
bloodiest day of fighting since the beginning of Israel's week-old
military offensive.
(SFC, 4/6/02, p.A1)(AP, 4/5/03)
2002 Apr 5, A new US stamp that
featured the SF Bay Area was 1st displayed. It was part of the new
50-state “Greetings from America” series.
(SFC, 4/6/02, p.A14)
2002 Apr 5, The coffin of the
Queen Mother was carried through the heart of London on a gun
carriage as Britain honored the woman whose life spanned a
tumultuous century of upheaval and change.
(AP, 4/5/03)
2002 Apr 5, Iran’s Ayatollah
Khamenei urged Islamic oil-producing countries to suspend oil
exports for a month to countries supporting Israel.
(SFC, 4/6/02, p.A10)
2003 Apr 5, In the 18th day of
Operation Iraqi Freedom US 3rd Infantry troops entered Baghdad for
the first time. Coalition troops took several objectives surrounding
the capital in the north and northwest. US warplanes hit Iraqi
positions near the commercial center of Mosul. Up to 3,000 Iraqi
fighters were killed as American armored vehicles moved into
Baghdad.
(AP, 4/5/03)(AP, 4/6/03)(SSFC, 4/6/03, p.A1)
2003 Apr 5, Ali Hassan al-Majid
(king of spades), Saddam Hussein’s 1st cousin and dubbed "Chemical
Ali" by opponents for ordering a 1988 poison gas attack that killed
thousands of Kurds, was killed by an airstrike on his house in
Basra.
(AP, 4/7/03)(SFC, 4/26/03, A14)
2003 Apr 5, The Belgian Senate
approved a measure gutting a 1993 war crimes law.
(AP, 4/6/03)
2003 Apr 5, Croatian police
have arrested Ivica Rajic (45), a Bosnian Croat long sought by the
UN war crimes tribunal, for allegedly carrying out atrocities
against Muslim civilians during the Bosnian war.
(AP, 4/6/03)
2003 Apr 5, In East Timor Jose
Cardosa Fereira, senior militia leader, was found guilty of murder,
rape and torture of civilians in East Timor who supported the
territory's 1999 independence from Indonesia. He was sentenced to 12
years.
(AP, 4/5/03)
2003 Apr 5, A prison riot in
northern Honduras left 69 prisoners dead and dozens more injured at
the 1,600-inmate El Porvenir prison outside of La Ceiba. Soldiers
and police searched for escaped inmates. Honduras' 26 prisons were
built to house 5,500 inmates but are crammed with 13,000 prisoners.
In 2008 a court sentenced 22 soldiers and police to a combined 740
years in prison for the massacre. In 2008 a Honduran court sentenced
Dimas Antonio Benitez, a former prison official, to 1,051 years in
jail for the deaths in the prison massacre.
(AP, 4/6/03)(SFC, 4/7/03, p.A8)(AP, 6/4/08)(AP,
9/7/08)
2003 Apr 5, In Israel Brian
Avery (23), a peace activist from Albuquerque, NM, was wounded when
Israeli troops opened fire in Jenin.
(SSFC, 4/6/03, p.A8)
2003 Apr 5, In the southern
Philippines two bombings killed two people and wounded eight.
(AP, 4/5/03)
2003 Apr 5, Uganda Army troops
killed at least 30 LRA rebels in the northern Pader and Gulu
districts, days after a three-week cease-fire expired.
(AP, 4/8/03)
2004 Apr 5, Univ. of
Connecticut won the basketball NCAA finals over Georgia Tech 82-73.
(WSJ, 4/6/04, p.A1)
2004 Apr 5, Pulitzer Prize
winners were announced. Edward P. Jones won the fiction award for
"The Known World." Steven Hahn won the history award for "A Nation
Under Our Feet" Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from
Slavery to the Great Migration." Anne Applebaum won the general
non-fiction award for "Gulag: A History."
(SFC, 4/6/04, p.A2)
2004 Apr 5, A US-Canadian task
force investigating the massive power blackout of Aug 14, 2003,
called for urgent approval of mandatory reliability rules to govern
the electric transmission industry.
(AP, 4/5/05)
2004 Apr 5, Leonard Reed
(b.1907), tap dancer extraordinary, died.
(Econ, 4/17/04, p.84)
2004 Apr 5, Rebel attacks
across Chechnya killed six Russian soldiers.
(AP, 4/6/04)
2004 Apr 5, China promised $122
million to Pres. Skerritt in return for revoking Dominica’s
recognition of Taiwan.
(Econ, 4/10/04, p.29)
2004 Apr 5, Six ethnic Croats
surrendered to the U.N. war crimes tribunal to face allegations they
participated in the torture and massacre of Muslims in Bosnia in
1993.
(AP, 4/5/04)
2004 Apr 5, The governing
coalition of Curacao, a Dutch Caribbean territory, collapsed over
allegations that the justice minister gave favors to a political
donor convicted of corruption.
(AP, 4/6/04)
2004 Apr 5, Indonesians voted
in legislative elections with Golkar, the party that once supported
ex-dictator Suharto, expected to win the most seats. Some 140,000
Indonesians chose between 450,000 candidates competing for 15,276
offices.
(AP, 4/5/04)(WSJ, 4/6/04, p.A1)(Econ, 4/10/04,
p.31)
2004 Apr 5, In northeastern
Iran an oil tanker truck and a passenger bus collided, killing 30
people and injuring 27.
(AP, 4/5/04)
2004 Apr 5, Paul Bremer, the
top U.S. administrator in Iraq, declared a radical Shiite cleric an
"outlaw" after his supporters rioted in Baghdad and four other
cities in fighting that killed at least 52 Iraqis, eight U.S. troops
and a Salvadoran soldier. A warrant was issued for al-Sadr related
to the murder of a rival Shiite leader in 2003.
(AP, 4/5/04)(WSJ, 4/6/04, p.A1)
2004 Apr 5, Israeli troops
killed 3 Palestinians near a Gaza settlement.
(WSJ, 4/6/04, p.A1)
2004 Apr 5, Alexander Lerner
(90), an eminent cyberneticist and a leading member of the
"refusenik" movement that promoted Jewish emigration from the former
Soviet Union, died in Israel.
(AP, 7/6/04)
2004 Apr 5, A flash flood swept
through two border communities in northern Mexico, flooding rivers,
washing away houses and killing 15 people. Dozens more were reported
missing.
(AP, 4/5/04)
2004 Apr 5, Pakistan gave
tribesmen 2 weeks to expel foreign terrorists.
(SFC, 4/6/04, p.A3)
2004 Apr 5, In Sri Lanka Pres.
Kumaratunga appointed Mahinda Rajapakse as PM.
(SFC, 4/6/04, p.A2)
2005 Apr 5, The US State Dept.
toughened passport rules and announced that Americans returning from
Canada, Mexico and elsewhere would be required to show their
passports in a program to be fully phased in by Dec 31, 2007.
(WSJ, 4/6/05, p.D1)
2005 Apr 5, Zalmay Khalilzad, a
former White House official who has served as US ambassador in his
native Afghanistan, was named to take over the post in Iraq.
(AP, 4/6/05)
2005 Apr 5, Crude futures
prices fell as traders took profits from a recent run-up. The EU cut
its economic growth forecast and OPEC began discussions on another
output increase.
(AP, 4/5/05)
2005 Apr 5, Peter Jennings
(b.1938), Canada-born ABC News anchorman revealed, he had lung
cancer. He died in August 2005.
(AP,
4/5/06)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Jennings)
2005 Apr 5, Saul Bellow (89),
Nobel winning novelist, died in Brookline, Mass. His books included
“The Dangling Man” (1944), “Herzog” (1964), and “Ravelstein” (2000).
(SFC, 4/6/05, p.A1)(Econ, 4/16/05, p.76)
2005 Apr 5, Dale Messick
(b.1906), creator of the Brenda Starr cartoon series, died. The
strip began in 1940 in Long Island.
(SFC, 4/8/05, p.B7)
2005 Apr 5, The IMF warned that
the growing market for credit derivatives and other complex
securities could suffer a rapid selloff if conditions turned
negative.
(WSJ, 4/6/05, p.A6)
2005 Apr 5, In Brazil
authorities charged eight policemen with murder for the Mar 31
death-squad killings that left 30 people dead on the outskirts of
Rio.
(AP, 4/6/05)
2005 Apr 5, Amnesty
International said China accounted for the majority of executions
reported worldwide last year, but the true frequency of the death
penalty is impossible to count because many death sentences are
carried out secretly.
(AP, 4/5/05)
2005 Apr 5, China's top
industrial safety official said the number of deaths in China's
accident-plagued coal mines surged by nearly 21% to 1,113 in the
first three months of this year despite a national safety crackdown.
(AP, 4/5/05)(WSJ, 4/6/05, p.A1)
2005 Apr 5, In Baghdad's
southern Dora neighborhood, an abandoned taxi exploded on an
expressway near a U.S. patrol, killing a US soldier and wounding
four others. A US Marine was killed by an explosion in the
sprawling, western province of Anbar.
(AP, 4/5/05)
2005 Apr 5, Rebels opposed to a
bus link joining parts of Kashmir controlled by rivals India and
Pakistan set off bombs and fought gun battles with troops, two days
before the service was due to start.
(AP, 4/5/05)
2005 Apr 5, Guadalupe Garcia
Escamilla (39), radio reporter, was wounded in the chest, abdomen,
legs and arms during an attack in the Mexican border city of Nuevo
Laredo, across from Laredo, Texas. She died from her wounds April
16.
(AP, 4/17/05)
2005 Apr 5, Saudi police killed
2 more militants, bringing the total to 9, as security forces
continued a tense standoff in ar-Rass. Among those killed were
Moroccan Kareem Altohami al-Mojati and Saudi Saud Homood Obaid
al-Otaibi, who were ranked 4 and 7 respectively on Saudi Arabia's
list of 26 most wanted al-Qaida-linked terror suspects.
(AP, 4/5/05)(SFC, 4/5/05, p.A3)
2005 Apr 5, Tens of thousands
of Sudanese marched through the capital Khartoum against a UN
resolution referring war crime suspects to the International
Criminal Court.
(AP, 4/5/05)
2005 Apr 5, The UN handed
prosecutors from the International Criminal Court thousands of
documents and a list of 51 people to be investigated for alleged war
crimes in Sudan's conflict-wracked Darfur region.
(AP, 4/6/05)(Econ, 4/9/05, p.38)
2006 Apr 5, Seattle customs
authorities arrested 18 men and 4 women who had arrived from China
in a 40-foot cargo container.
(SFC, 4/6/06, p.A3)
2006 Apr 5, Katie Couric
announced she was leaving NBC's "Today" show to become anchor of
"The CBS Evening News."
(AP, 4/5/07)
2006 Apr 5, Mike Pressler, the
lacrosse coach of Duke Univ., resigned amid allegations that 3
players had raped a stripper at an off-campus party in March. Duke
cancelled the lacrosse season. The rape charges were later dropped,
but the players still faced allegations of sexual offense and
kidnapping; all maintained their innocence.
(SFC, 4/6/06, p.A2)(AP, 4/5/07)
2006 Apr 5, Apple Corp.
introduced free software to allow users of its latest Mac models to
run MS Windows.
(Reuters, 4/5/06)(WSJ, 4/6/06, p.B1)
2006 Apr 5, SF picked Google
and EarthLink to bring free Internet access to the city.
(SFC, 4/6/06, p.A1)
2006 Apr 5, Mike Pressler, the
lacrosse coach of Duke Univ., resigned amid allegations that 3
players rape a stripper at an off-campus party in March. Duke
cancelled the lacrosse season.
(SFC, 4/6/06, p.A2)
2006 Apr 5, Brown-Forman said
it will lay off 76 people and close its Fetzer Vineyards’ Valley
Oaks Hospitality Center in Hopland. Brown-Forman acquired Fetzer in
1992.
(SFC, 4/6/06, p.F2)
2006 Apr 5, Allan Kaprow
(b.1927), an artist who coined the term “happenings” in the late
1950s, died at his home in Encinitas, Ca. In 1966 he published
“Assemblage, Environments, and Happenings.”
(SFC, 4/11/06, p.B5)(WSJ, 4/27/06, p.D7)
2006 Apr 5, Gene Pitney
(b.1941), US singer and songwriter and pop music star of the 1960s,
died during a tour of Britain. His chart-topping hits included “Town
Without Pity” (1961) "Twenty-Four Hours From Tulsa" and "Something's
Gotten Hold Of My Heart."
(AP, 4/5/06)(SFC, 4/6/06, p.B7)(Econ, 4/15/06,
p.86)
2006 Apr 5, In Afghanistan
coalition forces killed an insurgent and dropped 2,000-pound bombs
on a band of Taliban.
(AP, 4/6/06)
2006 Apr 5, A Brazilian
congressional investigative committee gave its final approval to a
report recommending prosecution of over 100 people linked to a
campaign finance and corruption scheme run by former members of the
governing Workers Party.
(AP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, Britain reiterated
its sovereignty over the Falkland Islands and rejected Argentina's
claims in a letter to Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
(AP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, Britain’s Serious
Fraud Office began criminal proceedings against nine individuals and
five companies it alleges fixed the price of two widely prescribed
generic drugs sold to the country's free National Health Service
(NHS).
(AFP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, Home Secretary
Charles Clarke said London would press for Romania to be granted
membership of the European Union "as soon as possible" as he praised
the country's work against people trafficking.
(AFP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, Cuban coast guard
officials fatally shot a suspected migrant smuggler and arrested two
others after confronting them in an apparent operation to ferry 39
migrants out of the country on a US-registered speedboat. State
television later said that the migrant smuggler who was fatally shot
had left the island as a migrant himself three weeks earlier, but
returned as a crew member on the same boat to repay a debt.
(AP, 4/7/06)(AP, 4/8/06)
2006 Apr 5, In France
demonstrators blocked roads, rail lines and mail delivery trucks in
a second straight day of protests to demand the repeal of a divisive
jobs law, while unions vowed they would not compromise in talks with
President Jacques Chirac's ruling party on the issue.
(AP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, In Indonesia an
explosion in the headquarters of the paramilitary police command in
the western city of Medan killed two officers and injured several
others.
(AP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, A video posted on
the Internet in the name of an extremist group claimed to show Iraqi
insurgents dragging the burning body of a US pilot on the ground
after the April 1 crash of an Apache helicopter.
(AP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, In Iraq a Sunni
professor was found dead hours after he was abducted in the southern
city of Basra.
(AP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, In Nepal police
detained dozens of opposition politicians and ordered a night curfew
to thwart a planned general strike aiming to pressure King Gyanendra
to restore democracy.
(AP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, Pakistani security
forces and suspected Islamic militants battled for a second day near
the Afghan border, leaving four soldiers and 16 fighters dead.
(AP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, PM Ismail Haniyeh
said the new Hamas-led government is broke and missed the April 1
monthly pay date for tens of thousands of Palestinian public
workers.
(AP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, In the Solomon
Islands former premier Sir Allan Kemakeza narrowly clung to his seat
in parliamentary elections.
(AP, 4/18/06)
2006 Apr 5, Militants who
captured the South Korean fishing vessel off the coast of Somalia
denied they were pirates and said they were defending their waters
from illegal fishing.
(AP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, Sudan said it would
allow UN Undersecretary Jan Egeland to visit Darfur.
(AP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, Thailand’s PM
Thaksin Shinawatra handed over power to a longtime friend and fellow
police officer, less than 24 hours after saying he would step down
over allegations of corruption and abuse of power.
(AP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, Actor Michael
Douglas presented UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan with an award for
his dedication to ridding the world of land mines, marking the first
international day to honor the cause.
(AP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 5, In Venezuela Jorge
Aguirre, a photographer for the Caracas daily El Mundo, was shot and
killed on the way to an anti-crime protest. He managed to take a
picture of his assailant fleeing on a motorcycle. Homicide charges
were filed on April 15 against Boris Lenis Blanco (33), a police
officer, who was arrested April 13.
(AP, 4/16/06)
2007 Apr 5, The US pressed
Ethiopia for details on detainees from 19 nations taken to secret
prisons there and interrogated by CIA and FBI agents.
(WSJ, 4/6/07, p.A1)
2007 Apr 5, The US
Transportation Dept. said it will require all passenger vehicles to
have electronic gear to prevent deadly rollovers by 2012.
(WSJ, 4/6/07, p.A1)
2007 Apr 5, Florida’s Gov.
Charlie Crist persuaded 2 of 3 members of the state board of
executive clemency that most felons had served their time and should
automatically recover the right to vote.
(Econ, 4/14/07, p.35)
2007 Apr 5, FBI Special Agent
Barry Lee Bush was accidentally shot and killed by a fellow agent as
a stakeout team closed in on three suspected bank robbers in
Readington, N.J.
(AP, 4/5/08)
2007 Apr 5, In San Mateo, Ca.,
Dr. William Ayres (75), a published child psychologist, was arrested
on 14 counts of child molestation, which dated back as far as 1969.
4 new charges were added on April 12.
(SFC, 4/7/07, p.A1)(SFC, 4/13/07, p.B1)
2007 Apr 5, Darryl Stingley
(55), a former New England Patriots player paralyzed during an
on-field collision in 1978, died in Chicago.
(AP, 4/5/08)
2007 Apr 5, Australian police
charged two men, including an army captain, with stealing military
rocket launchers, some of which ended up in the hands of a suspected
terrorist.
(AFP, 4/5/07)
2007 Apr 5, Fifteen British
sailors and marines held captive by Iran returned home to a nation
relieved at their freedom but also outraged that they were used by
Tehran's propaganda machine.
(AP, 4/5/07)
2007 Apr 5, Ramzan Kadyrov was
inaugurated as the new president of Chechnya on a blessing from the
Kremlin, which has relied on him to stabilize the region after more
than a decade of separatist fighting.
(AP, 4/5/07)
2007 Apr 5, China told banks to
increase their reserves for the third time this year, cutting the
amount of money available for lending in a new effort to cool an
investment boom that Beijing worries could lead to a financial
crisis. Chinese celebrated the annual tomb-sweeping festival, but
state media said soaring funeral costs were leading to people
complaining they can no longer afford to die.
(AP, 4/5/07)
2007 Apr 5, A bus carrying
passengers on the start of the Easter holiday crashed in northern
Colombia, igniting a blaze that killed 27 people, including six
children.
(AP, 4/5/07)
2007 Apr 5, A Greek cruise
ship, the Sea Diamond, sank off the Aegean Sea island of Santorini,
forcing the evacuation of nearly 1,600 people.
(AP, 4/5/08)(SSFC, 12/14/08, p.E3)
2007 Apr 5, The editor-in-chief
of Playboy Indonesia was acquitted of charges that he violated the
Muslim nation's indecency laws by publishing pictures of scantily
clothed women.
(AP, 4/5/07)
2007 Apr 5, A bomb struck an
oil pipeline, cutting off supplies and causing a huge fire in
southern Iraq near the border with Kuwait. A US Army helicopter went
down south of Baghdad, injuring 4 of the 9 soldiers aboard. A US
soldier was killed by small-arms fire while on patrol in eastern
Baghdad. 4 British soldiers and a Kuwaiti interpreter were killed in
an ambush in southern Iraq. Thaer Ahmed, assistant director of
Baghdad TV, was killed when a car bomb struck the television offices
in Jami'a, in west Baghdad. 12 people were wounded. Police in west
Baghdad found the bullet-riddled body of Khamael Muhsin, a famous
television presenter during Saddam Hussein's rule. She was kidnapped
two days ago. Gunmen killed 18 Iraqi, British and American soldiers
in the past 24 hours in attacks in Baghdad, the southern oil hub of
Basra and near the northern city of Mosul.
(AP, 4/5/07)(Reuters, 4/5/07)(AP, 4/6/07)
2007 Apr 5, Kosovo's parliament
overwhelmingly endorsed a UN plan that proposes internationally
supervised independence for the disputed province.
(AP, 4/5/07)
2007 Apr 5, In eastern Pakistan
a speeding tractor plowed into a roadside school, killing nine
children and injuring 18 others.
(AP, 4/5/07)
2007 Apr 5, A British diplomat
met with Palestinian PM Ismail Haniyeh to push for the release of a
kidnapped BBC journalist, the first direct meeting between a
European Union diplomat and a Hamas official of the Palestinians'
new coalition government.
(AP, 4/5/07)
2007 Apr 5, US House Speaker
Nancy Pelosi said that she raised the issue of Saudi Arabia's lack
of female politicians with Saudi government officials on the last
stop of her Mideast tour.
(AP, 4/5/07)
2007 Apr 5, Attackers fired a
grenade into a mosque in Thailand's restive south, wounding 16
Muslim worshippers in an act of defiance after authorities imposed a
strict curfew to contain escalating violence.
(AP, 4/5/07)
2007 Apr 5, A Ugandan court
scrapped the nation's adultery law, saying it was unconstitutional
and favored men.
(AP, 4/6/07)
2008 Apr 5, Skybus Airlines, a
low-cost carrier based in Columbus, Ohio, shut down and filed for
bankruptcy protection, becoming the latest of the nation's airlines
to fall because of rising fuel costs and a slowing economy.
(AP, 4/5/08)(SFC, 4/8/08, p.D3)
2008 Apr 5, Charlton Heston
(84), film star, died. he won the 1959 best actor Oscar as the
chariot-racing "Ben-Hur" and portrayed Moses, Michelangelo, El Cid
and other heroic figures in movie epics of the '50s and '60s.
(AP, 4/6/08)
2008 Apr 5, Afghan and NATO
forces killed 15 Taliban insurgents in separate raids in southern
Afghanistan, where police also captured Abdul Jabar, a senior
Taliban commander.
(AFP, 4/6/08)
2008 Apr 5, British PM Gordon
Brown called the current global economic crisis the largest
challenge of its kind in centuries while addressing some of the
world's key decision makers at a summit on climate change, the
economy and global poverty.
(AP, 4/5/08)
2008 Apr 5, London Heathrow
airport's new Terminal 5 was hit by fresh flights disruption when
the baggage system suffered a major software problem.
(AP, 4/5/08)
2008 Apr 5, In Croatia
President Bush celebrated NATO's expansion into former communist
territory and urged further enlargement, highlighting differences
with Moscow hours before final talks with outgoing Russian President
Vladimir Putin.
(AP, 4/5/08)
2008 Apr 5, Iran said it would
not make any concession in exchange for incentives offered by the
West to halt sensitive atomic activities.
(AP, 4/5/08)
2008 Apr 5, Youssef Adel, an
Assyrian Orthodox priest, was killed in a drive-by shooting in
Baghdad. Elsewhere in Baghdad, a bomb exploded on a minibus carrying
morning commuters on the busy Palestine Street, killing at least
four passengers and wounding 15.
(AP, 4/5/08)
2008 Apr 5, In Japan G8
development officials began a two-day ministerial meeting in Tokyo
on how to ease suffering in Africa and other impoverished states as
well as bolster their efforts in foreign development aid.
(AFP, 4/5/08)
2008 Apr 5, In Kashmir police
fired tear gas to break up a protest by stone-throwing demonstrators
against alleged prison abuses as a strike paralyzed life in
revolt-hit Srinagar.
(AFP, 4/5/08)
2008 Apr 5, Electoral officials
said Zimbabwe's ruling ZANU-PF took 30 seats in elections for the
country's senate, or upper house of parliament, with the combined
opposition taking the same number. The president and tribal chiefs
are to appoint the remaining 93 seats. Opposition chief Morgan
Tsvangirai claimed outright victory in presidential elections and
warned Robert Mugabe's ruling party would resort to violence to
cling to power. 3 cattle ranchers were driven off their land, and
equipment and livestock were seized.
(Reuters, 4/5/08)(AFP, 4/5/08)(AP, 4/6/08)
2009 Apr 5, State media said
China has reopened Tibet to foreign tourists almost two months after
imposing a ban ahead of politically sensitive anniversaries.
(AP, 4/5/09)
2009 Apr 5, In the Czech Rep.
President Barack Obama set out his vision for ridding the world of
nuclear arms, declaring the US ready to lead steps by all states
with atomic weapons to reduce their arsenals. Obama said the US will
proceed with development of a missile defense system in Europe as
long as there is an Iranian threat of nuclear weapons. Obama also
urged the EU to accept Turkey as a full member of the 27-nation
bloc, in remarks rejected outright by France and met coolly by
Germany.
(AP, 4/5/09)
2009 Apr 5, In Denmark Lars
Lokke Rasmussen (b.1964) began serving as prime minister.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_L%C3%B8kke_Rasmussen)
2009 Apr 5, In Iraq Palestinian
President Mahmoud Abbas won assurances that Iraqi leaders will
protect Palestinians living in Iraq, including thousands stranded in
desert refugee camps, during his first visit to the country since
the US-led invasion of 2003. Two roadside bombs in Fallujah killed
one officer and wounded three other people. Someone threw a grenade
at a police patrol in Samarra, killing one policeman and wounding
four. 8 people, including seven policemen, were wounded by a bomb
that blasted their patrol in the northern oil city of Kirkuk.
(AP, 4/5/09)
2009 Apr 5, Macedonia’s
conservative candidate Gjorgje Ivanov (49) won the runoff election
in a landslide with about two-thirds of the popular vote.
(WSJ, 4/6/09, p.A8)
2009 Apr 5, In Moldova the
Communist Party won re-election under alleged ballot rigging. The
Communists, in power since 2001, won about 50% of the vote in what
international observers said was a fair election. With a population
of 4.1 million, Moldova was one of Europe's poorest nations with an
average monthly salary of $350. Last year Moldovans abroad sent home
$1.6 billion, roughly the same amount as the state budget.
(AP, 4/7/09)(Econ, 4/18/09, p.58)
2009 Apr 5, In southern Nigeria
gunmen killed a policeman as they kidnapped a Scottish oil-services
worker in Port Harcourt. The British worker was released on April
25.
(AP, 4/6/09)(AFP, 4/25/09)
2009 Apr 5, North Korea defied
international warnings and sent a rocket hurtling over the Pacific,
a launch President Barack Obama called an illicit test of the
regime's long-range missile technology that threatened the security
of nations "near and far." North Korea said it successfully sent its
"Kwangmyongsong-2" satellite into orbit as part of its peaceful bid
to develop its space program. South Korea and the US military
disputed North Korea's claim of a successful launch into space,
saying the rocket fell into the ocean in stages.
(AP, 4/5/09)
2009 Apr 5, In Pakistan a
suicide bombing at a crowded Shiite mosque in Chakwal city in Punjab
province killed 24-26 people. A senior Pakistani Taliban commander
promised two more attacks per week in the country if the US does not
stop missile strikes on Pakistani territory.
(AP, 4/5/09)(AP, 4/6/09)(Econ, 4/11/09, p.39)
2009 Apr 5, Rwanda's ambassador
said the bodies of nearly 11,000 Rwandan genocide victims that
floated more than 100 miles downriver and were placed in makeshift
graves in Uganda will receive proper reburial.
(AP, 4/5/09)
2009 Apr 5, In Somalia an
overnight mortar attack aimed at troops and peacekeepers in
Mogadishu killed a child and wounded six other people, including 4
of the dead child's siblings. Somali pirates hijacked a small Yemeni
boat in the Indian Ocean.
(AP, 4/5/09)(AP, 4/6/09)
2009 Apr 5, Sri Lanka’s
military said 3 days of intense fighting in the northeast has left
525 Tamil Tiger rebels dead and pushed the remaining guerrillas into
a small "no-fire" zone crowded with tens of thousands of civilians.
Woman rebel commanders Vidusha and Durga were reported to be among
those killed.
(AP, 4/5/09)(Econ, 4/11/09, p.38)
2009 Apr 5, Off the coast of
Yemen another smuggling boat carrying 23 Somalis hit rough seas. 13
made it to shore and two were missing.
(AP, 4/7/09)
2010 Apr 5, The Discovery space
shuttle launched with 7 astronauts, including 3 women, for a
rendezvous with the int’l. space station.
(SFC, 4/6/10, p.A6)
2010 Apr 5, In NYC 4 people
were shot and dozens of people were arrested in a mile-long stretch
of Manhattan near Times Square in mayhem following the city's annual
auto show.
(AP, 4/5/10)
2010 Apr 5, In West Virginia a
huge underground explosion blamed on methane gas killed 25 coal
miners at Massey Energy Co.'s sprawling Upper Big Branch mine, about
30 miles south of Charleston. It was the worst US mining disaster
since 1984. Four missing miners were found dead on April 10. In 2009
the US Mine Safety and health Administration (MHSA) had cited the
mine 515 times, often for problems with its ventilation and escape
route plans.
(AP, 4/6/10)(AP, 4/10/10)(Econ, 4/10/10, p.32)
2010 Apr 5, In Afghanistan NATO
forces killed 10 militants in a raid on a compound in Nangarhar
province's Khogyani district. Gunmen seriously wounded an Afghan
provincial councilwoman in a drive-by shooting in Pul-e Khumri,
capital of northern Baghlan province. In Helmand province 4
insurgents and 4 civilians died in a NATO airstrike.
(AP, 4/5/10)(AP, 4/6/10)
2010 Apr 5, In northern Congo
UN-backed government forces retook the Mbandaka provincial airport
from rebels. In eastern Congo 2 soldiers shot and killed national
radio journalist Patient Chebeya Bakome. Bakome's brother said the
soldiers shot Bakome in front of his wife and took his phone and
money. Beni police arrested the 2 soldiers.
(AP, 4/5/10)(AP, 4/6/10)
2010 Apr 5, In Ethiopia a
British geologist (39) working on behalf of the state-run Malaysian
energy company Petronas was shot dead near Danot town.
(Reuters, 4/9/10)
2010 Apr 5, In Iraq a Shiite
couple and four of their children were gunned down in their home
outside Baghdad.
(AP, 4/6/10)
2010 Apr 5, In Mexico five men
were killed when gunmen opened fire on their car outside a shopping
mall in Mazatlan, in the northeastern state of Sinaloa.
(AP, 4/6/10)
2010 Apr 5, In Mongolia over
5,000 protesters surged through the center of Ulan Bator demanding
that the government of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
and the Mongolian Democratic Party fulfill promises from the 2008
elections to crack down on graft and better distribute the country's
mining wealth.
(AP, 4/5/10)
2010 Apr 5, In Nigeria fresh
clashes erupted between groups of Christian and Muslim youths in the
central city of Jos, leaving one dead as security forces restored
order.
(AFP, 4/5/10)
2010 Apr 5, In Peru a 2nd day
of clashes between police and protesting miners left 6 miners dead
as the government tried to put restrictions on unregulated gold
mining in the southern jingle region of Madre de Dios.
(SFC, 4/6/10, p.A2)
2010 Apr 5, PM Vladimir Putin
said Russia may sell $5 billion worth of weapons to Venezuela
following his visit to the South American nation.
(AP, 4/5/10)
2010 Apr 5, In northwest
Pakistan Islamist militants attacked a US consulate in Peshawar with
car bombs and grenades, killing 8 people. 4 militants were killed
during the attack. Hours earlier 45 people died in a suicide attack
on a political rally in the town of Timergarah in Lower Dir.
(AP, 4/5/10)(AFP, 4/5/10)(AP, 4/6/10)
2010 Apr 5, In Russia’s
Ingushetia region a suicide bomber killed two policemen.
(Reuters, 4/5/10)
2010 Apr 5, In Thailand
thousands of defiant anti-government demonstrators fanned out to
other parts of Thailand's capital and threatened businesses with
ties to the government after ignoring police orders to leave
Bangkok's paralyzed commercial district.
(AP, 4/5/10)
2010 Apr 5, Turkish police
detained 19 officers, including four generals, as part of an
investigation into an alleged plot by elements of the fiercely
secular military seeking to topple the Islamic-rooted government.
(AP, 4/5/10)
2010 Apr 5, UN
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon urged Uzbekistan to fulfill its
international human rights commitments and take further steps toward
improving the repressive political climate in the Central Asian
nation.
(AP, 4/5/10)
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