Timeline 1934 - 1935
Return to home
1934 Jan 1,
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., the US bank guarantor, became
effective.
(MC, 1/1/02)
1934 Jan 1, Alcatraz officially
became a federal prison. The first prisoners arrived in August. [see
Aug 11, 1934]
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatraz_Island)
1934 Jan 3, The Colleges of the
City of Detroit was renamed to Wayne University after Gen’l. Anthony
Wayne, Revolutionary War hero.
(WSUAN, Winter 1997, p.8)
1934 Jan 4, President Franklin
D. Roosevelt asked Congress for $10.5 billion to fund recovery
programs over the next 18 months.
(SSFC, 1/18/09, p.D6)
1934 Jan 7, The Radio Church of
God under Herbert W. Armstrong began broadcasting in Pasadena, Ca.
His program was called "The World Tomorrow" and his magazine was
called "The Plain Truth."
(WSJ, 2/120/00, p.A1)
1934 Jan 7, Six-thousand
pastors in Berlin defied the Nazis insisting that they will not be
muzzled.
(HN, 1/7/99)
1934 Jan 10, Marinus van der
Lubbe (24), a bricklayer and Dutch communist, was executed in
Berlin. He had been convicted of arson and high treason for torching
the Reichstag parliament building on Feb 27, 1933. On Dec 6, 2007,
German prosecutors formally overturned the conviction.
(AP, 1/11/08)
1934 Jan 11, Jean Chretien,
Pres. of Canada, was born.
(WP, 6/29/96, p.A20)
1934 Jan 11, The German police
raided the homes of dissident clergy in Berlin.
(HN, 1/11/99)
1934 Jan 13, Rip Taylor,
comedian (Gong Show, $1.98 Beauty Show), was born.
(MC, 1/13/02)
1934 Jan 15, Babe Ruth signed a
contract for $35,000 ($17,000 cut).
(MC, 1/15/02)
1934 Jan 15, Patrick O'Malley,
US policeman, was killed by John Dillinger.
(MC, 1/15/02)
1934 Jan 15, An 8.4 earthquake
in India and Nepal killed some 15,000 people. It damaged the
Mahabuddha Temple in Patan, Nepal, one of but 3 in the world.
(http://asc-india.org/menu/gquakes.htm)(WSJ,
1/22/98, p.A17)
1934 Jan 17, Shari Lewis,
ventriloquist, puppeteer (Lamb Chop), was born in Bronx, NY.
(MC, 1/17/02)
1934 Jan 22, Bill Bixby, actor
(Incredible Hulk, My Favorite Martian), was born in SF, Calif.
(MC, 1/22/02)
1934 Jan 22, In Tucson,
Arizona, a fire broke out at the Hotel Congress, where members of
the Dillinger gang were staying. Firefighters salvaged baggage
belonging to the gang and the next day one of the firefighters
spotted one the gang’s mug shots in an issue of True Detective
magazine. Within a few days 5 members of the Dillinger gang were
arrested including John Dillinger and girlfriend Evelyn Frechette.
In 2009 Elliot Gorn authored “Dillinger’s Wild Ride: The Year That
Made America’s Public Enemy Number One.”
(SFC, 7/1/09, p.E3)
1934 Jan 22, Dmitri
Shostakovich premiered his 1932 opera: "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk
District," in Leningrad.
(WSJ, 5/7/02, p.D7)(WSJ, 5/2/03, p.W6)
1934 Jan 26, Germany signed a
10-year non-aggression pact with Poland, breaking the French
alliance system.
(WUD, 1994, p.1682)(HN, 1/26/99)
1934 Jan 27, Julian Ogilvie
Thompson, CEO of De Beers, was born.
(MC, 1/27/02)
1934 Jan 28, The 1st US rope
ski tow began operation at Woodstock, Vermont.
(MC, 1/28/02)
1934 Jan 29, Fritz Haber (65),
German chemist (Nobel 1918), died. In the 1920s Haber exhaustively
searched for a method to extract gold from sea water, and published
a number of scientific papers on the subject. However, after years
of research, he concluded that the concentration of gold dissolved
in sea water was much lower than those concentrations reported by
earlier researchers, and that gold extraction from sea water was
uneconomic. In 2005 Daniel Charles authored “Master Mind: The Rise
and Fall of Fritz Haber, the Nobel Laureate Who Launched the Age of
Chemical Warfare.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Haber)(SSFC,
8/7/05, p.C6)
1934 Jan 31, President
Roosevelt devalued the dollar in relation to gold. He raised the
price of gold to $35. The United States Gold Reserve Act required
that all gold and gold certificates held by the Federal Reserve be
surrendered and vested in the sole title of the United States
Department of the Treasury.
(AP, 1/31/00)(WSJ, 11/9/00,
p.A24)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Reserve_Act)
1934 Jan 31, President
Roosevelt signed the Farm Mortgage Refinancing Act.
(SSFC, 1/18/09, p.D6)
1934 Feb 1, Bob Shane was born.
He later became a singer in the group: The Kingston Trio: Tom
Dooley, M.T.A., Greenback Dollar, Where Have All the Flowers Gone.
(440 Int'l, 2/1/1999)
1934 Feb 2, The SF Police
Commission promulgated a set of regulations regarding dance permits
to Barbary Coast nightclubs. These included a prohibition against
colored and white people dancing together.
(SSFC, 2/1/09, DB p.50)
1934 Feb 2, Alfred Rosenberg
was made philosophical chief of the Nazi Party.
(HN, 2/2/99)
1934 Feb 5, Hank Aaron,
American hall of fame baseball player, homerun hitter, was born
weighing 12.25 pounds. He broke Babe Ruth’s record in 1974. In 2010
Howard Bryant authored “The Last Hero: A Life of Henry Aaron.”
(SSFC, 5/23/10,
p.F6)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Aaron)
1934 Feb 6, In France
anti-republican and Fascist forces seized upon the Stavisky scandal
and instigated anti-government demonstrations, culminating in the
February 6, 1934 riot in front of the Chamber of Deputies in which
15 were killed. [see Stavisky: Dec, 1933]
(HNQ, 4/20/99)
1934 Feb 7, 1st contract for
TVA power was in Tupelo, Miss.
(MC, 2/7/02)
1934 Feb 7, Kathleen Norris, a
SF Bay Area novelist based in Palo Alto, summed up a trip to Germany
saying Hitler has virtually solved problems of unemployment and
poverty. She said the leader was idolized everywhere as the people’s
rescuer.
(SSFC, 2/1/09, p.50)
1934 Feb 10, An Admiral Byrd
souvenir stamp sheet was issued, NYC. It was the 1st unperforated
ungummed US stamp.
(MC, 2/10/02)
1934 Feb 10, A Jewish immigrant
ship 1st broke the English blockade in Palestine.
(MC, 2/10/02)
1934 Feb 11, Mary Quant,
fashion designer (Chelsea Look, Mod Look), was born in Kent,
England.
(MC, 2/11/02)
1934 Feb 13, George Segal,
actor, banjo player (Carbon Copy, Fun with Dick and Jane), was born.
(MC, 2/13/02)
1934 Feb 15, U.S. Congress
passed the Civil Works Emergency Relief Act, allotting new funds for
Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
(HN, 2/15/98)
1934 Feb 16, Thousands of
Socialists battled Communists at a rally in New York’s Madison
Square Garden.
(HN, 2/16/98)
1934 Feb 17, 1st high school
auto driving course was offered by State College, Penn.
(MC, 2/17/02)
1934 Feb 18, Aldo Ceccato,
conductor (Detroit Symph Orch 1973-77), was born in Milan, Italy.
(MC, 2/18/02)
1934 Feb 18, Audre Lord, poet,
was born.
(AP, 2/18/01)
1934 Feb 20, The opera "Four
Saints in Three Acts" by Gertrude Stein and Virgil Thomson premiered
and became the longest running opera in Broadway history. It was
centered on St. Teresa of Avila and St. Ignatius and ran to 4 acts
that included 30 saints. It has been called "a surrealist American
folk opera." In 1997 Anthony Tommasini wrote Virgil’s biography:
"Virgil Thompson: Composer on the Aisle." In 1999 Steven Watson
authored "Prepare for Saints: Gertrude Stein, Virgil Thomson, and
the Mainstreaming of American Modernism.
(WSJ, 2/1/96, p.A-16)(WSJ, 7/16/96, p.A9)(BS,
5/3/98, p.13E)(WSJ, 3/10/99, p.A20)(SFEC, 3/28/99, BR p.2)(MC,
2/20/02)
1934 Feb 20, In San Francisco a
fire destroyed the recently opened Anchor Brewing Co. at 1610
Harrison St. The plant specialized in steam beer for which SF
was once famous.
(SSFC, 2/15/09, DB p.50)
1934 Feb 21, Nicaraguan patriot
Augusto Cesar Sandino was assassinated by National Guard.
(MC, 2/21/02)
1934 Feb 22, George "Sparky"
Anderson, baseball manager (Reds, Tigers), was born in SD.
(MC, 2/22/02)
1934 Feb 22, The romantic
comedy "It Happened One Night," starring Clark Gable and Claudette
Colbert, opened at New York's Radio City Music Hall.
(AP, 2/22/00)
1934 Feb 23, Edward William
Elgar (76), English composer (Coronation Ode), died.
(MC, 2/23/02)
1934 Feb 24, Renata Scotto,
soprano (Violetta, La Traviata), was born in Savona, Italy.
(MC, 2/24/02)
1934 Feb 27, Ralph Nader,
consumer advocate, was born. He was Connecticut lawyer who invented
the automobile safety movement. His 1965 book "Unsafe at Any Speed"
characterized the Chevrolet Corvair as unsafe and pushed for a
congressional investigation.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)(HN, 2/27/01)
1934 Feb 27, Compania de
Cementos Argos was founded in Medellin, Colombia. In 1936, the
factory began production and it issued its first dividend in 1938.
(http://tinyurl.com/5rdhj2)
1934 Mar 1, Primo Carnera beat
Tommy Loughran in 15 for heavyweight boxing title.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1934 Mar 1, Henry Pu Yi was
crowned emperor Kang Teh of Manchuria.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1934 Mar 2, Doug Watkins jazz
musician (bass: Pepper-Knepper Quintet, Hank Mobley Quartet, Horace
Silver and the Jazz Messengers), was born.
(HC, Internet, 2/3/98)
1934 Mar 2, Union Pacific
tested a light-weight high-speed passenger train in Omaha.
(SC, 3/2/02)
1934 Mar 3, It was reported
that Alf Haraldsen had found some 150 pounds of ambergris on the
shore of Bolinas, Ca. The material, formed in the intestines of
whales and used in the manufacture of perfume, was estimated to be
worth $75,000.
(SSFC, 3/1/09, DB p.50)
1934 Mar 3, John Dillinger
broke out of jail using a wooden pistol in Crown Point, Indiana.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1934 Mar 4, Easter Cross on
Mount Davidson, San Francisco, was dedicated.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1934 Mar 5, Mother-in-law's day
was 1st celebrated in Amarillo, Tx.
(MC, 3/5/02)
1934 Mar 8, It was reported
that workmen excavating for the SF Federal Building unearthed the
skeletal remains of 3 SF settlers and several gold and silver coins
near the corner of McAllister and Hyde streets. Over 20 graves were
uncovered during the course of the excavation.
(SSFC, 3/8/09, DB p.45)
1934 Mar 8, Edwin Hubble photo
showed as many galaxies as Milky Way has stars.
(MC, 3/8/02)
1934 Mar 9, Uri Gregarin (Yuri
Gagarin), first man to orbit the Earth, was born.
(HN, 3/9/99)
1934 Mar 12, Josip Broz (Tito
of Yugoslavia) was freed from jail.
(MC, 3/12/02)
1934 Mar 14, Eugene Cerna,
American Astronaut who was the last man on the moon, was born.
(HN, 3/14/00)
1934 Mar 15, Henry Ford
restored the $5 a day wage.
(HN, 3/15/98)
1934 Mar 17, Thousands of
blacks battled the police in New York in protest of the Scottsboro
trial.
(HN, 3/17/98)
1934 Mar 17, The Rome Protocols
allied Hungary with Italy, Austria and Germany.
(WUD, 1994, p.1682)
1934 Mar 20, San Francisco
Mayor Willie Brown was born.
(SFEC, 1/5/97, p.A10)
1934 Mar 20, Test of practical
radar apparatus was made by Rudolf Kuhnold in Germany.
(MC, 3/20/02)
1934 Mar 22, Orrin Hatch, U.S.
senator from Utah, was born.
(HN, 3/22/97)
1934 Mar 22, Philippine
independence, granted by the US, was guaranteed to begin in 1945.
(WUD, 1994, p.1682)
1934 Mar 24, President
Roosevelt signed a bill granting future independence to the
Philippines.
(AP, 3/23/97)
1934 Mar 25, Gloria Steinem,
political activist, editor, was born.
(HN, 3/25/01)
1934 Mar 26, Alan Arkin, actor
(Catch 22, In-Laws, Simon, Wait Until Dark), was born in NYC.
(SS, 3/26/02)
1934 Mar 26, Driving tests were
introduced in Britain.
(SS, 3/26/02)
1934 Mar 26, Switzerland banned
all slanderous criticism of state institutions in the press and
threatened the suspension of publications if the ban was not heeded.
(HN, 3/25/98)
1934 Mar, In SF Michael R.
Catalano, underworld figure, was murdered.
(SSFC, 3/15/09, DB p.50)
1934 Apr 1, Two Texas Highway
Patrol officers, E.B. Wheeler (26) and H.D. Murphy (24), were killed
by Henry Methvin, a gang member of Bonnie and Clyde, as they
approached the gang’s car near Grapevine, Texas.
(ON, 7/02, p.2)(SFC, 8/13/96, p.A3)(WSJ, 1/26/08,
p.A13)
1934 Apr 1, India’s Reserve
Bank of India was established.
(Econ, 4/11/09, p.76)
1934 Apr 3, Jane van
Lawick-Goodall, ethologist (studied African chimps, 1974 Walker
Prize), was born in London, England. She was a British
anthropologist, known for her work with African chimpanzees. In 2000
her autobiography "Africa in My Blood: An Autobiography in Letters,
The Early Years, 1934-1966," was edited by Dale Peterson.
(HN, 3/4/99)(SFEC, 6/18/00, BR p.6)(SC,
3/4/02)(MC, 4/3/02)
1934 Apr 6, 418 Lutheran
ministers were arrested in Germany.
(MC, 4/6/02)
1934 Apr 7, In India, Mahatma
Gandhi suspended his campaign of civil disobedience.
(MC, 4/7/02)
1934 Apr 10, David Halberstam,
New York Times correspondent, author, Pulitzer Prize winner in 1964,
was born.
(HN, 4/10/01)
1934 Apr 11, Richard A.
Garland, artist, photographer, was born.
(MC, 4/11/02)
1934 Apr 12,
The F. Scott Fitzgerald novel "Tender Is the Night" was first
published by Scribner's in New York. It had been serialized in
Scribner's Magazine.
(AP, 4/12/07)
1934 Apr 12, In New Hampshire a
weather station on Mount Washington recorded a record wind gust of
231 mph before the anemometer broke.
(SSFC, 4/12/09, p.C10)
1934 Apr 13, Some 4.7 million
US families were report to be receiving welfare payments.
(MC, 4/13/02)
1934 Apr 18, The 1st
laundromat, called a "Washateria," opened in Fort Worth, Tx.
(AP, 4/18/07)
1934 Apr 18, Hitler named
Joachim von Ribbentrop, ambassador for disarmament.
(MC, 4/18/02)
1934 Apr 19, Shirley Temple
appeared in her first movie.
(HN, 4/19/97)
1934 Apr 21, Moe Berg, Senators
catcher (and later US spy), played an AL record 117th consecutive,
errorless game.
(MC, 4/21/02)
1934 Apr 24, Shirley MacLaine,
actress, mystic (Irma la Douce), was born in Richmond, Va.
(MC, 4/24/02)
1934 Apr 25, Denny "Scott"
Miller, actor (Wagon Train), was born in Bloomington, Ind.
(SS, 4/25/02)
1934 Apr 28, FDR signed a Home
Owners Loan Act.
(MC, 4/28/02)
1934 Apr, An earthquake shook
western Honduras.
(Nat. Hist., 4/96, p.25)
1934 May 1, The Philippine
legislature accepted a U.S. proposal for independence.
(HN, 5/1/98)
1934 May 2, Nazi Germany began
"People's court."
(MC, 5/2/02)
1934 May 2, In Germany a
Chancellery meeting took place between Adolph Hitler and executives
of General Motors Corp. and its German division (Opel). Opel quickly
became an essential element in German rearmament. Over the next 4
years GM’s workforce in Germany grew from 17,000 to 27,000.
(SSFC, 1/7/07, p.E6)
1934 May 7, A Pulitzer prize
was awarded to Sidney Kingsley (Men in White).
(MC, 5/7/02)
1934 May 7, World's largest
pearl (6.4 kg) was found at Palawan, Philippines.
(MC, 5/7/02)
1934 May 9, Alan Bennett,
playwright, actor (Secret Policeman's Other Ball, Beyond the
Fringe), was born in England.
(MC, 5/9/02)
1934 May 9, The San Francisco
waterfront strike began. The Int’l. Longshoremen’s Association
(ILA), headed by Australian immigrant Harry Bridges, shut down
seaports in Washington, Oregon and California for 3 months. Union
workers went on strike for a 6 hour day and a hiring hall to replace
the company operated Blue Book Union on the waterfront. Strike
breakers were housed in ships to avoid getting beat up by the dock
workers. In 1996 David F. Selvin published "A Terrible Anger: The
1934 Waterfront and General Strikes in San Francisco." [see Jul 5]
(SFEC, 12/15/96, BR p.5)(SFEM, 3/2/97, p.21)(SFC,
8/4/97, p.E5)(SFEC, 5/2/99, Z1 p.4)(SFC, 10/4/02, p.A17)
1934 May 10, The US Revenue Act
required that anyone filing a federal tax return also complete a
pink form with individual tax information that became public
information. It was repealed in June, 1935.
(WSJ, 4/3/06, p.B1)(http://tinyurl.com/pmac7)
1934 May 12, "Cocktails For
Two" by Duke Ellington hit #1.
(MC, 5/12/02)
1934 May 13, A great dustbowl
storm occurred. [see Apr 14, 1935]
(SS, Internet, 5/13/97)
1934 May 13, C. Jackson
discovered asteroid #1320, Impala.
(SS, Internet, 5/13/97)
1934 May 15, US Dept. of
Justice offered $25,000 reward for John Dillinger, dead or alive.
(MC, 5/15/02)
1934 May 18, The Academy Award
was 1st called Oscar in print (Sidney Skolsky).
(SC, 5/18/02)
1934 May 18, Congress approved
the "Lindbergh Act", which made kidnapping a capital offense.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1934 May 18, TWA began
commercial service.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1934 May 19, James Lehrer,
broadcast journalist, was born in Wichita, Ks.
(HN, 5/19/01)
1934 May 23, Robert A. Moog,
electrical engineer, creator of the Moog synthesizer, was born.
(HN, 5/23/01)
1934 May 23, Wallace Carothers
manufactured the 1st nylon, polymer 66.
(MC, 5/23/02)
1934 May 23, Bonnie Parker (23)
and Clyde Barrow (24) were shot some 4 dozen times early in the
morning in a police ambush by Texas Rangers as they were driving a
stolen Ford Deluxe along a road in Bienville Parish, near Sailes,
La. This ended the most spectacular manhunt seen in America up to
that time. The pair had spent the previous 2 years killing and
robbing banks in the Midwest. Bonnie Parker was 19 and Clyde Barrow
was 21 when they met in Dallas in 1930. By the time the Barrow
gang's crime spree ended four years later, Bonnie, Clyde, Clyde's
brother Buck and Buck's wife had terrorized the Southwest and
Midwest and were believed to have committed 13 murders. In 1997
Clyde’s bullet-ridden shirt was auctioned off to a Nevada casino for
$85,000. His largest theft was estimated at $4,000. In 1979 Ted
Hinton and Larry Grove authored "Ambush: The Real Story of Bonnie
and Clyde." In 2009 Jeff Guinn authored “Go Down Together: the True
Untold Story of Bonnie and Clyde.”
(SFC, 4/3/97, p.A13)(SFC, 4/15/97, p.A13)(AP,
5/23/97)(HN, 5/23/02)(ON, 7/02, p.3)(WSJ, 3/10/09, p.A13)
1934 May 25, David J. Burke,
writer, was born in Liverpool, England.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1934 May 25, Ron Nesson, press
secretary (Gerald Ford), was born.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1934 May 25, Béla
Bartòk's "Enchanted Deer" premiered.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1934 May 25, Gustav Theodore
Holst (59), English composer (Ode to Death), died.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1934 May 26, Century of
Progress Exposition reopened in Chicago.
(MC, 5/26/02)
1934 May 27, Harlan [Jay]
Ellison, US sci-fi author (7 Hugos, Doomsman, Babylon 5), was born.
(MC, 5/27/02)
1934 May 28, The Dionne
quintuplets—Annette, Cecile, Emilie, Marie and Yvonne—were born to
Elzire Dionne at the family farm in Ontario, Canada. The were
children removed from their parents by the Ontario government and
put on public display, before paying customers, at a theme-like-park
called Quintland. In 1998 3 surviving sisters accepted a $2.8
million settlement from the Ontario government.
(TMC, 1994, p.1934)(AP, 5/28/97)
1934 May 28, In San Francisco
nearly 1,000 longshoremen clashed with police at Pier 18 on the 20th
day of their strike. Alphonse Metzgar was shot in the back with
light buckshot.
(SSFC, 5/24/09, DB p.39)
1934 May 29, Eugenie Besserer
(65), actress (Anna Christie, Madame X), died.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1934 May 29, Heihachiro Tojo,
Japanese Admiral (Russian-Japanese War), died.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1934 May, Stalin’s regime
officially set up the Jewish Autonomous Region of Birobidzhan.
(SFEC, 5/31/98, p.7)
1934 Jun 2, Sunny Jim Rolph
(b.1869), former mayor of SF (1912-1931) and Governor of California
(1931-1934), died. He lived at his home at 288 San Jose Ave. in the
Mission throughout his life.
(SFEC, 4/25/99, Z1 p.5)(SSFC, 5/31/09, DB p.50)
1934 Jun 3, Dr. Frederick
Banting, co-discoverer of insulin, was knighted.
(MC, 6/3/02)
1934 Jun 5, Bill Moyers,
American broadcast journalist, was born. He served as President
Lyndon B. Johnson’s press secretary. He also made numerous
documentaries for the Public Broadcasting System.
(HN, 6/5/99)
1934 Jun 6, US Congress created
the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This was accompanied
by requirements for public companies to disclose information.
(AP, 6/6/97)(WSJ, 3/22/04, p.A12)
1934 Jun 7, The US Corporate
Bankruptcy Act allowed corporations to reorganize.
(SSFC, 1/18/09, p.D6)
1934 Jun 9, Donald Duck made
his 1st screen appearance ("The Wise Little Hen"). His distinctive
quack was voiced originally by Clarence Nash.
(MC, 6/9/02)
1934 Jun 11, The Disarmament
Conference in Geneva ended in failure.
(HN, 6/11/98)
1934 Jun 12, The US Farm
Mortgage Foreclosure Act allowed federal loans to farmers to recover
property lost to foreclosure.
(SSFC, 1/18/09, p.D6)
1934 Jun 19, The first movie of
the sun was taken.
(DTnet, 6/19/97)
1934 Jun 19, President
Roosevelt signed the US Communications Act. It established the
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to supervise radio,
telegraph and telephone communications.
(WSJ, 11/3/97, p.A20)(AP, 6/19/06)
1934 Jun 19, The US National
Archives and Records Administration was established under Pres.
Franklin Roosevelt.
(HN, 6/19/98)(WSJ, 12/29/05, p.B1)
1934 Jun 21, [James] Thorne
Smith, US fantasy author (Stray Lamb, Turnabout), died.
(MC, 6/21/02)
1934 Jun 22, San Francisco
Police Capt. Charles Goff voiced the sensational charge that
carefully planned communistic programs are being carried out in SF
schools and churches.
(SSFC, 6/21/09, DB p.50)
1934 Jun 22, "Dr. Ing. h.c. F.
Porsche GmbH, Konstruktionen und Beratung für Motoren- und
Fahrzeugbau" received the go-ahead from the "Reichsverband der
Automobilindustrie (RDA)" (the Association of the German Reich of
the Automotive Industry) to construct and build the Volkswagen.
Hitler had asked Ferdinand Porsche Sr., owner of a consulting and
design firm, to build a "people’s car," from which resulted the
Volkswagen. Porsche took the design from the Tatra T97 of
Czechoslovakia’s Hans and Erich Ledwinka.
(http://tinyurl.com/22n6kb6)(SFC, 3/28/98,
p.B12)(Econ, 6/28/08, p.20)
1934 Jun 23, Italy gained the
right to colonize Albania after defeating the country.
(HN, 6/23/98)
1934 Jun 26, The Federal Credit
Union Act was passed.
(HFA, ‘96, p.32)
1934 Jun 27, Anna Moffo,
soprano (Lucia, Traviata), was born in Wayne, Penn.
(MC, 6/27/02)
1934 Jun 27, The US Federal
Savings & Loan Association created. [see Jun 26]
(SC, 6/27/02)
1934 Jun 28, President
Roosevelt signed into law the National Housing Act, which
established the Federal Housing Administration.
(AP, 6/28/97)
1934 Jun 28, Hitler flew to
Essen (Night of Long Knifes) where a massive purge of SA (storm
troopers) was carried out to placate the Army and the high command.
[see Jun 30]
(MC, 6/28/02)
1934 Jun 30, Harry Blackstone
(d.5/14/1997), magician, was born in Three Rivers, Mich.
(SFC, 5/15/97, p.A26)
1934 Jun 30, In San Francisco a
group of men with sledgehammers and crowbars attacked the
headquarters of the Western Worker, a Communist Party publication,
near the Civic Center Plaza. They fled when men associated with the
publication rushed out from a back room.
(SSFC, 6/28/09, DB p.50)
1934 Jun 30, Adolf Hitler began
his "blood purge" of political and military leaders in Germany.
Among those killed was one-time Hitler ally Ernst Roehm (46), gay
leader of the Nazi stormtroopers. Hitler personally confronted Rohm
in a jail cell and left a single shot pistol in the cell. Ten
minutes later, Rohm had killed himself. Hitler purged the Nazi Party
by destroying the SA and bringing to power the SS in the "Night of
the Long Knives." Also killed were Gregor Strasser (42), German
pharmacist, Nazi leader and Karl Ernst, German SA-leader.
(AP, 6/30/97)(HN, 6/30/98)(MC, 6/30/02)
1934 Jun, Sen. Norris of
Nebraska declared that Samuel L. Insull, head of recently bankrupt
Middle West Utilities, "was careful to regulate the regulator." It
took 7 years to fully unravel the financial structure of MWU.
(WSJ, 2/4/02, p.A1)
1934 Jul 1, Sydney Pollack,
film director (Tootsie, Presumed Innocent, The Firm, Out of Africa),
was born in Lafayette, Indiana.
(www.nndb.com/people/772/000023703/)
1934 Jul 1, Jamie Farr (Jameel
Farah) (actor: M*A*S*H, The Blackboard Jungle, Scrooged, Cannonball
Run, With Six You Get Egg Roll), was born.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1934 Jul 1, The 1st x-ray photo
of entire body was made in Rochester, NY.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1934
Jul 4, Boxer Joe Louis won his first professional fight, knocking
out Jack Kracken in the first round in Chicago. He won 12 fights
that year, all in Chicago, 10 by knockout.
(HN,
7/4/98)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Louis#Early_life_and_career)
1934 Jul 4, Jordanians revolted
in Amsterdam after reduction in employment.
(Maggio, 98)
1934 Jul 4, "Madame" Marie
Curie-Sklodovska, Polish-born French chemist and Nobel Prize winner,
died in Paris of leukemia caused by her long exposure to radiation.
In 1937 Eve Curie authored "Madame Curie, a Biography." In 2004
Barbara Goldsmith authored “Obsessive Genius: The Inner World of
Marie Curie.”
(ON, 3/00,
p.2)(http://myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=madameCurie)(SSFC,
12/5/04, p.E2)
1934 Jul 5, During the West
Coast maritime strike Mayor Angelo J. Rossi, a former florist,
unleashed the city’s violently anti-union police department on the
workers. 33 people were shot with 2 men killed in what came to be
called "Bloody Thursday." Police fired into a crowd of strikers at
Steuart and Mission streets and killed Howard S. Sperry and Nickolas
Bordoise. Another 109 strikers were wounded. Police had tried to
escort scabs to the docks. Civil liberties attorneys Ernest Besig
(d.1998 at 94), and Chester Williams were called in from New York.
They founded a local American Civil Liberties Union and sued SF and
Oakland for failure to protect striker’s First Amendment rights.
(SFEC, 3/1/98, p.W31)(SFC, 11/21/98, p.C2)(SFC,
9/27/02, p.D11)(SSFC, 7/3/11, DB p.38)
1934 Jul 9, SS-Reichs Fuhrer
Heinrich Himmler assumed command of German Concentration Camps.
(MC, 7/9/02)
1934 Jul 11, President
Roosevelt became the first chief executive to travel through the
Panama Canal while in office.
(AP, 7/11/97)
1934 Jul 12, Van Cliburn,
American concert pianist, was born.
(HN, 7/12/01)
1934 Jul 13, Wole Soyinka,
Nobel Prize-winning Nigerian playwright, was born.
(HN, 7/13/01)
1934 Jul 16, The nation’s 1st
general strike was called in San Francisco in response to violence
and disregard of worker’s rights in the waterfront strike. Some
140,000 workers walked off their jobs. It collapsed after 4 days.
Seven men were killed and thousands were injured. The general strike
ended after 4 days and went into arbitration. In the fall
arbitrators gave the union a hiring hall, a 6-hour day and a small
wage increase. [see May 9, Jul 5]
(SFEC, 12/15/96, BR p.5)(SFEC, 5/2/99, Z1
p.4)(SFC, 9/27/02, p.D11)(PCh, 1992, p.826)
1934 Jul 17, Donald Sutherland,
actor (M*A*S*H, Body Snatchers), was born in St John, NB.
(MC, 7/17/02)
1934 Jul 18, Cotton-mill
workers in the US south went on strike. The UTW locals in the
northern part of Alabama launched a strike in Huntsville, Alabama,
then spread to Florence, Anniston, Gadsden, and Birmingham. While
the strike was popular, it was also ineffective: many employers
welcomed it as a means of cutting their expenses, since they had
warehouses full of unsold goods. A documentary called the "Uprising
of ‘34" was made in 1995 and scheduled for PBS on 6/27/95.
(WSJ, 6/13/95,
p.A-1)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_workers_strike_%281934%29)
1934 Jul 22, John Dillinger
(b.1903) was shot to death by federal agents outside Chicago’s
Biograph Theater. FBI agent Murray Faulkner, brother of William
Faulkner, helped in the killing. In 1924 Dillinger was sent to the
Indiana State Reformatory for holding up a grocer, and was later
transferred to the Michigan City, Indiana, State Prison, where he
hatched a plan for a mass breakout with a group of other infamous
convicts. When Dillinger was paroled in 1933, he robbed several
banks to provide money for his friends’ escape. He was caught in
Ohio, but by then his friends had escaped and they helped him break
out. Dillinger’s supposed death remains mysterious. Anna Sage, the
"Lady in Red," had agreed to deliver Dillinger to the FBI if they
would stop deportation proceedings against her. The setup went as
planned, and the FBI shot the man with Anna Sage. Dillinger was
famous for the size of his penis, which was "reportedly" severed and
shown at exclusive viewings.
(AP, 7/22/97)(SFC,12/26/97, p.C22)(HNPD,
7/22/98)(HN, 7/22/99)
1934 Jul 25, There was a Nazi
coup in Vienna. Austrian Premier Engelbert Dollfus was shot and
killed by Nazis. Hitler murdered Austria’s Chancellor Dollfus.
(WUD, 1994, p.424,1682)(TMC, 1994, p.1934)(HN,
7/25/98)
1934 Jul 26, Winsor McCay
(b.1871), cartoonist, died. His “Little Nemo In Slumberland” was
launched by the NY Herald in 1905. An art book reproducing over 100
of his best pages in full broadsheet was published in 2005.
(SFC, 10/22/05,
p.E1)(www.who2.com/winsormccay.html)
1934 Jul 28, Jacques D'Amboise,
dancer, educator (NYC Ballet Company), was born.
(SC, 7/28/02)
1934 Jul 28, 118° F
(48° C) at Orofino, Idaho was a state record.
(SC, 7/28/02)
1934 Jul 29, The West Coast
longshoremen’s strike came to an end on its 82nd day when the dock
workers’ leaders accepted conditions proposed by the National
Longshoremen’s board, pending arbitration. Men returned to work on
July 31.
(SSFC, 7/26/09, DB
p.42)(www.lib.washington.edu/exhibits/STRIKES!/exh.html)
1934 Jul 30, Kurt von
Schuschnigg replaced Dollfus as Premier of Austria until the Nazis
seized the government in 1938. Schuschnigg was then interned in a
concentration camp.
(WUD, 1994, p.424,1682)
1934 Jul, The Hollywood Motion
Picture Production Code, formalized in 1930, went into effect.
Hollywood studios began enforcing the 1930 Hays Code on morals in
films.
(SFEC, 5/24/98, DB p.53)(SFEC, 12/12/99, BR
p.3)(AH, 2/05, p.47)
1934 Aug 2, The 1st airplane
train towed 3 mail gliders behind it.
(MC, 8/2/02)
1934 Aug 2, Pres. Paul von
Hindenburg of Germany died. Within hours Adolf Hitler announced a
law, dated the previous day, that made him Reichsfuhrer, an office
that combined the duties of president and chancellor.
(www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/becomes.htm)
1934 Aug 7, the U.S. Court of
Appeals upheld a lower court ruling striking down the government’s
attempt to ban the controversial James Joyce novel "Ulysses."
(AP, 8/7/97)
1934 Aug 11, The US government
opened a maximum security prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco
Bay and the first federal prisoners arrived. From the time it opened
to 1937 there was no talking by prisoners allowed. Federal convicts
from McNeil Island Prison in Washington joined a small number of
military prisoners, left over from the island‘s time as a US Army
prison. The facility had been used as a military prison since 1859,
but was redesigned to be a high-security penitentiary for the "most
dangerous" prisoners. The prison closed in 1963.
(AP, 8/11/97)(SFEC, 3/8/98, p.W30)(HNQ,
7/10/00)(OAH, 2/05, p.A6)
1934 Aug 12, Augustus E. Thomas
(b.1857), American Playwright, died. He is often called the first
playwright to deal in thoroughly American themes.
(www.imdb.com/name/nm0858501/)
1934 Aug 13, The satirical
comic strip "Li’l Abner," created by Al Capp, made its debut.
(AP, 8/13/97)
1934 Aug 13, United Aircraft
was removed from the DJIA. National Distillers and Chemical Corp.
was added.
(WSJ, 5/28/96, p. R-45)(WSJ, 4/8/04, p.C4)
1934 Aug 16, US ended its
occupation of Haiti (begun in 1915).
(MC, 8/16/02)
1934 Aug 16, US explorer
William Beebe descended 3,028' (923 m) in Bathysphere.
(MC, 8/16/02)
1934 Aug 18, Vincent Bugliosi,
attorney, author (Helter-Skelter), was born in Hibbing, Minn.
(MC, 8/18/02)
1934 Aug 19, A plebiscite in
Germany approved the vesting of sole executive power in Adolf Hitler
as Fuhrer. 38 million Germans voted to make Adolf Hitler the
official successor to President von Hindenburg.
(AP, 8/19/97)(HN, 8/19/00)
1934 Aug 20, Gangster Al Capone
and 42 other prisoners traveled in steel barred railroad coaches to
Alcatraz after being transferred the federal penitentiary in
Atlanta, Ga.
(SSFC, 8/9/09, DB p.46)
1934 Aug 22, H. Norman
Schwarzkopf, commander of the coalition forces during the Persian
Gulf War (1991), was born in Trenton, NJ.
(HN, 8/22/98)(MC, 8/22/02)
1934 Aug 23, Sonny (Christian)
Jurgensen, professional football player and sports announcer, was
born in North Carolina.
(HN, 8/23/00)
1934 Aug 24, In Philadelphia,
Pa., Philo T. Farnsworth (28), a San Francisco scientist, produced a
televised picture of the moon, the first recorded use of television
in astronomy.
(SSFC, 8/16/09, p.46)
1934 Aug 27, Arlen, Ira
Gershwin & Harburg musical premiered in NYC.
(MC, 8/27/02)
1934 Sep 3, Tunisia began its
move for independence.
(MC, 9/3/01)
1934 Sep 7-8, The luxury liner
"Morro Castle," enroute from Havana to NYC, caught fire and ran
aground at Asbury Park, NJ. 134 people were killed. [see Sep 8]
(www.jerseyboardwalk.com/morro.htm)
1934 Sep 8, Peter Maxwell
Davies, composer (Prolation, Taverner), was born in Manchester,
England.
(MC, 9/8/01)
1934 Sep 8, 134 people lost
their lives in a fire aboard the liner Morro Castle off the New
Jersey coast. The crew of the cruise ship let a small blaze get out
of control and commandeered most of the spots in the lifeboats. Only
15 passengers survived as compared to 119 crew. 124 people died. The
event was part of a 1999 TV documentary "Escape, Because Accident
Happen" for a NOVA miniseries. [see Sep 7]
(AP, 9/8/97)(WSJ, 2/8/99, p.A21)
1934 Sep 9, Sonia Sanchez,
poet, was born in Birmingham, Alabama.
(HN, 9/9/00)
1934 Sep 9, G. Kaufman and M.
Hart's "Merrily We Roll Along," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 9/9/01)
1934 Sep 10, Charles Kuralt
(d.Jul 4, 1997), TV journalist, was born in Wilmington, NC. He was
known for his popular "On the Road" television program.
(SFC, 7/5/97, p.A5)(HN, 9/10/00)
1934 Sep 12, Estonia, Latvia
& Lithuania signed the Baltic Entente in Geneva against the
USSR.
(LC, 1998, p.24)(MC, 9/12/01)
1934 Sep 13, Judge Landis sold
the World Series broadcast rights to Ford for $100,000.
(MC, 9/13/01)
1934 Sep 14, Kate Millet,
feminist writer, was born in St. Paul, Minnesota. Her work included
“Sexual Politics.”
(HN, 9/14/00)(www.infoplease.com)
1934 Sep 16, Anti-Nazi
Lutherans staged a protest in Munich.
(HN, 9/16/98)
1934 Sep 17, RCA Victor
released 1st 33 1/3 rpm recording (Beethoven's 5th).
(MC, 9/17/01)
1934 Sep 18, The League of
Nations admitted the Soviet Union. Joseph Avenol, secretary-general
of the League of Nations, sold out the organization he had sworn to
uphold.
(WUD, 1994, p.424,1682)(HN, 9/18/98)
1934 Sep 19, Brian Epstein,
rock manager (Beatles), was born.
(MC, 9/19/01)
1934 Sep 19, Bruno Hauptmann
was arrested in New York and charged with the kidnap-murder of the
Lindbergh infant. [see Sep 20]
(AP, 9/19/97)
1934 Sep 20, Sophia Loren,
actress (Desire Under the Elms, Black Orchid), was born in Rome.
(MC, 9/20/01)
1934 Sep 20, Bruno Hauptmann
was arrested for the kidnapping and murder of the Lindbergh baby.
[see Sep 19]
(HN, 9/20/98)
1934 Sep 21, A typhoon struck
Honshu Island, Japan, and killed 4,000.
(MC, 9/21/01)
1934 Sep 24, Babe Ruth made his
farewell appearance as a regular player with the New York Yankees in
a game against the Boston Red Sox. The Sox won, 5-0.
(AP, 9/24/04)
1934 Sep 26, The British liner
Queen Mary was launched. [see May 27, 1936]
(MC, 9/26/01)
1934 Sep 28, Brigitte Bardot,
French film actress, sex kitten (And God Created Women), was born in
Paris.
(HN, 9/28/00)(MC, 9/28/01)
1934 Sep 29, In Vallejo, Ca.,
the body of Joe Soon (40), a member of the Hop Sing tong, was found
dead in the Vallejo business district with a hatchet wound between
the eyes and 4 bullets in his torso. The murderers were believed to
be hatchetmen from San Francisco’s Chinatown.
(SSFC, 9/27/09, p.50)
1934 Oct 1, Adolph Hitler
expanded the German army and navy and created an air force,
violating Treaty of Versailles.
(MC, 10/1/01)
1934 Oct 7, [Everett] Leroi
Jones (Imamu Amiri Baraka), playwright, was born.
(HN, 10/7/00)(MC, 10/7/01)
1934 Oct 7, Ulrike Meinhof,
German Red Army member, was born.
(MC, 10/7/01)
1934 Oct 8, Bruno Hauptmann, a
carpenter and illegal alien, was indicted for murder in the death of
the infant son of Charles A. Lindbergh. He had been caught with
$14,000 of the Lindbergh baby ransom money.
(WSJ, 9/9/96, p.A16)(AP, 10/8/97)
1934 Oct 9, In Marseilles, a
Macedonian revolutionary associated with Croat terrorists in Hungary
assassinated King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French Foreign
Minister Louis Barthou. The two had been on a tour of European
capitals in quest of an alliance against Nazi Germany. The
assassinations brought the threat of war between Yugoslavia and
Hungary, but confrontation was prevented by the League of Nations. 2
newsreel cameramen captured the assassination on film
(HN, 10/9/98)(WSJ, 5/20/99, p.A8)
1934 Oct 12, In San Francisco
the new Coit Tower in Pioneer Park on Telegraph Hill opened to the
public. At least 8 frescoes, painted by artists employed by the WPA,
were washed out and eliminated because they were “architecturally
inharmonious.”
(SSFC, 10/4/09, p.50)
1934 Oct 13, Nana Mouskouri,
Greek singer (Try to Remember), was born in Crete.
(MC, 10/13/01)
1934 Oct 16, Mao Tse-tung
decided to abandon his base in Kiangsi due to attacks from Chiang
Kai-shek's Nationalists. With his pregnant wife and about 30,000 Red
Army troops, he set out on the "Long March." In late 1935, with
8,000 survivors, he reached Hanoi in northwest China, and
established Chinese Communist headquarters. In 2006 Andrew McEwen
and Ed Jocelyn authored “The Long March: The Story Behind the
Legendary Journey That Made Mao’s China.” Also in 2006 Sun Shuyun
authored “The Long March.”
(HN,
10/16/98)(www.kimsoft.com/korea/eyewit03.htm)
1934 Oct 17, "The Aldrich
Family" premiered on radio.
(MC, 10/17/01)
1934 Oct 17, "Handsome" Harry
Pierpont, bank robber, was executed in the electric chair in
Columbus, Ohio, for the murder of Sheriff Jesse Sarber.
(Internet)
1934 Oct 20, Michael Dunn,
actor (House of the Damned, Ship of Fools), was born in Shattuck,
Ok.
(MC, 10/20/01)
1934 Oct 20, An all-star team
led by Babe Ruth and Connie Mack sailed to Hawaii and Japan.
(MC, 10/20/01)
1934 Oct 20, Richard Strauss
completed his opera "Die Schweigsame Frau."
(MC, 10/20/01)
1934 Oct 22, Donald McIntyre,
Bass-Baritone (Wotan, Hans Sachs), was born in Auckland, NZ.
(MC, 10/22/01)
1934 Oct 22, Bank robber
Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd was shot to death by federal agents at a
farm in East Liverpool, Ohio.
(AP, 10/22/97)
1934 Oct 23, Jean Piccard and
Jeanette Ridlen attained a record balloon height of 17,341m.
(MC, 10/23/01)
1934 Oct 24, Mohandas
Karamchand Gandhi, called Mahatma or "Great Soul," resigned from
Congress in India.
(HN, 10/24/98)
1934 Oct 27, Frederick Barclay,
British hotel magnate and multi-millionaire, was born.
(MC, 10/27/01)
1934 Oct 28, In Redwood City,
Ca., a crowd of 20,000 people gathered at the temporary Pulgas Water
Temple to witness the first Sierra water begin to empty into Crystal
Springs Lake. The Pulgas Water Temple near the Crystal Springs
Reservoir was modeled after the Sunol Water Temple designed by
Willis Polk. This marked the end of the 20-year SF water project led
by engineer Michael O'Shaugnessy (d.10/18/34) [see Oct 12].
(SFC, 12/19/96, p.A21)(SFC, 9/27/97, p.A24)(Ind,
3/11/00, p.5A)
1934 Nov 1, Jeanette MacDonald
arrived in San Francisco for the upcoming premier of “The Merry
Widow,” in which she co-starred with Maurice Chevalier.
(SSFC, 11/1/09, DB p.42)(TVM, 1977, p.470)y
1934 Nov 2, In San Francisco a
fight for control of the beer market expanded as brewers matched the
prices of Humboldt Brewery at $1 a case of 24 pints.
(SSFC, 11/1/09, DB p.42)
1934 Nov 2, Babe Ruth began his
tour of Tokyo, Japan.
(MC, 11/2/01)
1934 Nov 4, The new $400,000,
6,500-seat, Bay Meadows horse racing track opened in San Mateo, Ca.,
under the direction of Bill Kyne (d.1957). Gov. Frank Merriam
christened the one-mile track, which opened on the grounds of an old
airfield. Jockey George Burns rode 5 winners, three of them in a
row. The track featured the new $250,000 totalizer machine to
display bets and payoff. The last day of regular racing was May 11,
2008. A final racing was scheduled for the 2008 county Fair, August
6-18.
(Ind, 5/13/00,5A)(SFC, 3/23/07, p.A1)(SFC,
5/10/08, p.A4)
1934 Nov 6, The first Rotary
club in Lithuania, the Rotary club of Kaunas, was legally
incorporated. It received its charter on 5 May 1935 from the then
District Governor of Finland in the Kaunas Town Hall.
(http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~henkypnk/rotlithuania.html)
1934 Nov 9, Carl Sagan,
American astronomer and writer, was born. He was instrumental in
robotic space exploration and who made Cosmos, a documentary about
the universe.
(HN, 11//99)
1934 Nov 12, Charles Manson,
[No Name Maddox], mass murderer, was born in Cincinnati, Oh.
(MC, 11/12/01)
1934 Nov 14, In San Francisco a
fire started when water backed up into the AJ Clark Trucking Co.
warehouse and penetrated hundreds of sacks of unslaked lime. 21
firemen suffered burn injuries.
(SSFC, 11/15/09, DB p.46)
1934 Nov 16, Carl P.G. von
Linde (92), German physicist, died.
(MC, 11/16/01)
1934 Nov 17, Lyndon Baines
Johnson married Claudia Alta Taylor, better known as "Lady Bird," in
San Antonio, Texas.
(AP, 11/17/07)
1934 Nov 17, Victor J. Bergeron
(1903-1984), aka Trader Vic, opened Hinky Dink’s, a small
food-and-beer joint at 65th and San Pablo in Oakland, Ca. He
expanded his business and in 1951 opened Trader Vic’s in SF at 20
Cosmo Place.
(SSFC, 10/11/09, DB p.46)
1934 Nov 20, Lillian Hellman's
"Children's Hour," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 11/20/01)
1934 Nov 21, The Cole Porter
musical “Anything Goes,” starring Ethel Merman as Reno Sweeney,
premiered at New York's Alvin Theatre.
(HN, 11/21/00)(AP, 11/21/04)
1934 Nov 21, A court ruled
Gloria Vanderbilt unfit for custody of her daughter.
(HN, 11/21/98)
1934 Nov 22, "Santa Claus Is
Comin' to Town" was 1st heard on Eddie Cantor's show.
(MC, 11/22/01)
1934 Nov 23, U.S. and Britain
agreed on a 5-5-3 naval ratio with both countries allowed to build
five million tons of naval ships while Japan can only build three;
Japan denounced the treaty.
(HN, 11/23/98)
1934 Nov 26, German theologian
Karl Barth surrendered to Nazis.
(MC, 11/26/01)
1934 Nov 27, "Baby Face" Nelson
(26), [Lester Gillis], gangster, shot by FBI.
(TMC, 1994, p.1934)(MC, 11/27/01)
1934 Nov 27, In Bolivia
President Salamanca was suddenly deposed by the Bolivian military.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Tejada_Sorzano)
1934 Nov 28, Churchill told
Premier Baldwin not to under estimate German air power.
(DTnet, 11/28/97)
1934 Nov 30, Lazaro Cardenas,
following July elections, began serving as PRI president (1934-1940)
of Mexico.
(SFEC, 5/2/99, p.A26)
1934 Dec 1, In Bolivia Jose
Luis Tejada Sorzano (1882-1938) was installed as president by the
military. He served to 1936 and was succeeded by David Toro.
(SFC, 4/25/09,
p.E1)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Tejada_Sorzano)
1934 Dec 1, Sergei M. Kirov, a
collaborator of Josef Stalin, was assassinated in Leningrad, a
stronghold of opposition to Stalin. This resulted in a massive
purge. Kirov was succeeded by Andrei Zdhanov, who became the virtual
dictator of literary and artistic policies of the USSR.
(AP, 12/1/98)(SFC, 6/10/00, p.A12)
1934 Dec 2, The 5.08-m (200")
Mt. Palomar Observatory mirror was cast.
(MC, 12/2/01)
1934 Dec 5, Joan Didion,
essayist and novelist, was born. Her work includes "Slouching
Towards Bethlehem" and "Play it a it Lays."
(HN, 12/5/00)
1934 Dec 5, Italian and
Ethiopian troops clashed at the Ualual on disputed Somali-Ethiopian
border.
(HN, 12/5/98)
1934 Dec 7, Wiley Post
discovered the jet stream.
(MC, 12/7/01)
1934 Dec 8, In China John and
Betty Stam, Christian missionaries, were beheaded by communist
soldiers in a village near Nanking.
(WSJ, 1/17/03, p.W13)
1934 Dec 9, Judi Dench, actress
(Henry V, Wetherby), was born in York, England.
(MC, 12/9/01)
1934 Dec 14, 1st streamlined
steam locomotive was introduced in Albany, NY.
(MC, 12/14/01)
1934 Dec 10, Harold C. Urey
(1893-1981), US chemist, was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry
for his work with deuterium.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1934/urey-bio.html)
1934 Dec 18, Woodrow Wilson.
Wilson, the 28th President, appeared on the largest note ever issued
by the United States. It was only printed between December 18, 1934
and January 9, 1935 and used only for transactions between Federal
Reserve Banks. Salmon P. Chase, the U.S. Treasury Secretary under
President Lincoln, appeared on the $10,000 bill, James Madison on
the $5,000 bill and Grover Cleveland on the $1,000 bill. All of
these bills ceased being printed in 1946.
(HNQ, 11/7/99)
1934 Dec 20, California’s new
state liquor control law went into effect making it legal to sell
hard liquor by the drink in hotels, restaurants and clubs.
(SSFC, 12/20/09, DB p.46)
1934 Dec 27, The 1st youth US
hostel opened at Northfield, Mass.
(MC, 12/27/01)
1934 Dec 29, Federico Garcia
Lorca's "Yerma," premiered in Madrid.
(MC, 12/29/01)
1934 Dec 29, Japan renounced
the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of
1930.
(AP, 12/29/97)(HN, 12/29/98)
1934 Dec, Parker Brothers
purchased the game of Monopoly from George Darrow and rewrote the
rules. George Parker had rejected the 1st version of Monopoly
submitted by Darrow and cited 52 fundamental errors. In 2003 Philip
E. Orbanes authored "The Game Makers: The Story of the Parker
Brothers, from Tiddley winks to Trivial Pursuit."
(Econ, 11/22/03,
p.81)(www.adena.com/adena/mo/mo11.htm)
1934 Larry King, talk show
host, was born in Brooklyn as Lawrence Harvey Zeigler to
Russian-Jewish immigrants.
(WT-NWA, 7/01, p.43)
1934 The wife of Romanian PM
Gheorghe Tatarascu asked Constantin Brancusi to commemorate the
citizens of Targu Jiu, who died trying to hold back the WW I
Austro-German invasion. Brancusi agreed and created sculptures
titled: "Endless Column," "Gate of the Kiss" and "Table of Silence."
The 97-foot Endless Column was taken down for restoration in 1996. A
2nd restoration was completed in 2001.
(WSJ, 11/30/01, p.W12)
1934 Alberto Giacometti,
sculptor, created his bronze statue "The Invisible Object (Hands
Holding the Void."
(SFEC, 10/1/00, DB p.42)
1934 Salvadore Dali (1904-1989)
painted "The Persistence of Memory." It attracted worldwide
attention that led to his first one man show in New York. [2nd
source says 1931] Dali in this year pronounced: The only difference
between me and a madman is that I am not mad." He also painted
"Cardinal, Cardinal!" and "Atmospheric Skull Sodomizing a Grand
Piano."
(SFEM, 1/25/98, p.30)(WSJ, 1/25/99, p.A16)
1934 Rene Magritte painted "The
Rape," in which an androgynous face sprouts breasts and pubic hair.
(SFC, 2/7/02, p.D12)
1934 The panel of the Ten Just
Judges on their way to venerate the Mystic Lamb by Jan and Hubert
Van Eyck was stolen from St. Baaf's Cathedral in Ghent, Belgium.
(SFEC, 11/21/99, p.T11)
1934 The comic stripe character
"Mandrake the Magician," created by Leon Falk (d.1999), first
appeared. From 1965 the character was drawn by Fred Fredericks. Falk
created "The Phantom" in 1936.
(SFC, 3/16/99, p.A17)
1934 Lillian Hellman wrote her
play "The Children's Hour."
(SFEC, 5/30/99, DB p.37)
1934 Guy Bolton and P.G.
Wodehouse wrote "Anything Goes." It later became a Broadway show
with lyric and music by Cole Porter.
(SFC, 10/30/96, p.E3)
1934 James M. Cain authored
"The Postman Always Rings Twice." It became one of the most popular
"hard-boiled" crime novels ever written. It is said that Albert
Camus was so taken with the book that he used it as a model for "The
Stranger."
(iUniv. 7/1/00)(WSJ, 8/2/08, p.W8)
1934 William Henry Chamberlin,
a journalist, published "Russia's Iron Age," which chronicled the
depredations of Stalin.
(WSJ, 4/13/99, p.A16)
1934 David Dodd and Benjamin
Graham published their classic "Security Analysis."
(WSJ, 7/21/99, p.A20)
1934 Emma Goldman authored her
autobiography "Living My Life."
(ON, 4/00, p.5)
1934 Robert Graves authored “I,
Claudius.”
(SSFC, 4/22/07, p.P10)
1934 Dashiell
Hammett (1894-1961) authored “The Thin Man.”
(www.imdb.com/name/nm0358591/)(SFCM, 2/6/05, p.4)
1934 US writer Ernest Hemingway
purchased the Pilar, a 38-foot cabin cruiser in New York for $7,495.
In 2011 Paul Hendrickson authored “Hemingway’s Boat: Everything He
Loved in Life, and Lost, 1934-1961.”
(Econ, 10/15/11, p.95)
1934 Janet Lewis wrote "The
Invasion," a historical novel on the interplay of French, English
and Indian cultures on the American frontier. [first source says it
was published in 1932]
(SFC, 12/5/98, p.C2)(SFEC, 12/6/98, p.C14)
1934 Prof. Charles Hartshorne
(d.2000 at 103) of the Univ. of Chicago authored "the Philosophy and
Psychology of Sensation." He became a proponent of "process
theology" and held that God is not an all-knowing commander of the
universe but a participant who is changed by it.
(SFC, 10/14/00, p.A24)
1934 Matthew Josephson authored
"The Robber Barons," a simplistic account of the 19th century
American entrepreneurs of industrial empires.
(WSJ, 9/10/98, p.A22)
1934 William Maxwell
(1908-2000) published his 1st novel: "Bright Center of Heaven."
Maxwell went on to become an editor for the New Yorker.
(SFC, 8/2/00, p.A24)
1934 Henry Miller’s novel
"Tropic of Cancer" was published by the French publisher Girodias.
(SFC, 7/7/96, BR p.6)
1934 William Saroyan
(1908-1981), Fresno, Ca., writer and painter, published his first
book, a collection of short stories that included “The Daring Young
Man on the Flying Trapeze.”
(SSFC, 10/11/09, DB p.46)
1934 Evelyn Waugh (1903-1966),
English writer, authored “Ninety-Two Days.” It was based on his 1932
travels in Brazil and British Guiana.
(WSJ, 11/24/07, p.W8)
1934 Nathanael West (1902-1940)
wrote his 3rd novel "A Cool Million."
(WSJ, 8/11/97, p.A12)
1934 George Orwell published
his 1st novel “Burmese Days.” In 2005 Emma Larkin authored “Finding
George Orwell in Burma.”
(SFEC, 10/22/00, p.T9)(SSFC, 6/5/05, p.B3)
1934 Margaret Sanger wrote her
"Code to Stop the Overproduction of Children." It decreed that "no
woman shall have a legal right to bear a child without a permit...no
permit shall be valid for more than one child."
(WSJ, 5/5/97, p.A18)
1934 Sir Lawrence van der Post
(1906-1996) wrote his first book "In a Province."
(SFC, 12/17/96, p.B4)
1934 Hans Zinsser, Harvard
bacteriologist, wrote "Rats, Lice and History," a biography of the
virus behind typhoid fever.
(NH, 9/98, p.9)(WSJ, 9/9/06, p.P8)
1934 William Phillips (d.2002
at 94) co-founded the Partisan Revue along with critic Philip Rahv
as an organ of the John Reed Club associated with the Communist
Party. It severed ties with the party in 1937 and went on to
showcase some of the finest writers of the era.
(SFC, 9/14/02, p.A19)
1934 Tex Owens sang his
lonesome-yodel classic "Cattle Call."
(SFC, 4/14/98, p.E6)
1934 Louis Armstrong took his
band to Paris, France.
(WSJ, 1/3/95, p. 8)
1934 In Kansas City a tenor
battle was held where 3 Kansas City players (Herschel Evans, Ben
Webster and Lester Young) jousted with Coleman Hawkins.
(SFC, 8/22/96, F4)
1934 Lena Horne (1917-2010)
made her Broadway debut in “Dance With Your Gods.”
(SFC, 5/10/10, p.C4)
1934 Alexander Mosolov, Soviet
composer, wrote his ballet "Steel."
(WSJ, 1/15/98, p.A17)
1934 The music drama "Der Weg
Der Verheissung" was created by Kurt Weill, Franz Werfel and Max
Reinhardt in exile in Austria.
(WSJ, 9/4/01, p.A19)
1934 Conde Balcom McCullough
(1887-1946), bridge engineer, began the construction of coastal
bridges in Oregon with money from the government Works Projects
Administration. The bridge across Coos Bay was renamed in his honor
in 1947.
(HT, 3/97, p.74)
1934 A hotel was built on
Midway Island to service the Pan Am Clipper.
(SFEC, 7/20/97, p.T5)
1934 The Civilian Conservation
Corp. built the West Shelter at Oregon’s Cape Perpetua.
(SSFC, 9/21/08, p.E8)
1934 In Oregon the Oregon Caves
Chateau was designed and constructed for $50,000 by Gust Lium, a
local builder.
(SFEM, 10/12/97, p.39)
1934 Hound & Horn,
originally subtitled "a Harvard Miscellany", folded. It was a
literary quarterly founded by Harvard undergrads Lincoln Kirstein
(1906-1996) and Varian Fry in 1927.
(WSJ, 2/17/07,
p.P18)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hound_&_Horn)
1934 Bob’s Big Boy restaurants
popularized the double patty hamburger sandwich.
(AH, 6/07, p.11)
1934 The Popeye cartoon “We Aim
to Please” introduced the catch phrase “I will gladly pay you
Tuesday for a hamburger today,” uttered by J. Wellington Wimpy.
(AH, 6/07, p.11)
1934 Rosalie Edge,
conservationist, founded Hawk Mountain Sanctuary in Kempton,
Pennsylvania.
(NH, 10/96, p.48)
1934 Paul King hit upon the
idea of the Easter Seal as the new emblem of the Ohio Society for
Crippled Children. In 1999 Easter Seals had an annual revenue of
$484 million.
(WSJ, 4/5/99, p.A22)
1934 Clare Booth (d.1987),
managing editor of Vanity Fair, met Henry Luce, publisher of Time
and Fortune magazines. Her biography by Sylvia Jukes Morris, "Rage
for Fame: The Ascent of Clare Boothe Luce," was published in 1997.
(WSJ, 5/30/97, p.A16)
1934 A postcard of a man in
bikini shorts inspired a Wisconsin-based Cooper’s Inc. designer to
invent Jockey Shorts, the first pair of briefs.
(SSFC, 11/29/09, p.N6)
1934 Wheaties began putting
pictures of athletes on the back and sides and insides of its cereal
boxes. The first athlete was the fictional Jack Armstrong of a
popular radio show.
(WSJ, 2/18/99, p.A20)
1934 The Augusta National Golf
Club in Augusta, Georgia, began hosting the Masters Tournament.
(Econ, 4/10/10, p.70)
1934 Stephen Edward Epler
(1909-1997) invented six-man football at Chester High School in
Chester, Nebraska.
(SFC, 7/25/97, p.A18)(Sky, 9/97, p.74)
1934 Luigi Pirandello
(b.1867), Italian playwright (Six Characters in Search of an
Author), won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(HN, 6/28/01)(MC, 6/28/02)
1934 The Nobel Prize in
Medicine and Physiology was awarded to Drs. George R. Minot
(1885-1950), William P. Murphy and George H. Whipple for curing
pernicious anemia with liver extract in 1926.
(Smith., May. 1995, p.14)(WUD, 1994 p.913)
1934 The US Congress allowed US
created tribal governments to replace traditional Indian governing
bodies.
(SFEC, 5/4/97, z1 p.4)
1934 US Congress directed the
Federal Reserve to set margin requirements. The level fluctuated for
years but remained unchanged at 50% from 1974.
(WSJ, 11/8/99, p.C1)
1934 A Communications Act was
passed in the US.
(Wired, Dec. ‘95, p.154)
1934 US troops entered
Nicaragua to fight nationalist rebel leader Augusto Cesar Sandino.
(SFC, 1/14/02, p.B5)
1934 The US lease on Guantanamo
Bay, Cuba, was renegotiated to say that the land could only revert
to Cuban control if abandoned by the US or by mutual consent.
(SSFC, 1/20/02, p.A7)
1934 The US Justice Dept. took
over Alcatraz from the War Dept. and reopened it as a federal
penitentiary.
(SFEC, 3/8/98, p.W38)
1934 The US Supreme Court
decided in Home Building & Loan Association v. Blaisdell to back
the home owner as opposed to the lender in a mortgage payment
dispute. The Minnesota state court had earlier ruled that Minnesota
law protected the home owners from foreclosure for 2 years.
(WSJ, 5/1/08, p.A15)
1934 Charles Ponzi, Italian
immigrant, check forger and scam artist, was deported from the US to
Italy where he got work in Mussolini’s treasury and embezzled money
from the fascists.
(SSFC, 7/14/02, p.G2)
1934 The American Liberty
League was formed as a coalition comprised of conservative
Democrats, industrialists, financiers, corporation lawyers and
others who opposed social, fiscal and other aspects of President
Franklin D. Roosevelt‘s New Deal. The Liberty League attacked many
of the laws passed in the New Deal as unconstitutional and
ultimately supported the Republican presidential candidate in 1936,
Alfred M. Landon. It was disbanded in 1940.
(HNQ, 9/3/00)
1934 Alabama’s last Confederate
veteran living at the Mountain Creek Confederate Soldiers' Home
died. The hospital, which was converted into apartments for widows,
closed in 1939 and the five women who lived there were moved to
Montgomery. In 2011 residential property taxes, initiated in 1901,
continued to support Confederate Memorial Park.
(AP, 7/20/11)
1934 The Arizona governor
called out the state militia and navy (2 ferryboats) to halt
California’s construction of the Colorado River Aqueduct. It took an
act of Congress and a Supreme Court decision to get the project
restarted.
(SFC, 5/26/00, p.A5)
1934 In California a cross was
erected in the Mohave National Preserve as a memorial to the
soldiers of WWI. In 2010 the US Supreme Court voted 5-4 to approve
the display on government land saying the US Constitution does not
require the eradication of all religious symbols in the public
realm.
(SFC, 4/28/10, p.A5)
1934 Upton Sinclair, muckraker
and socialist, ran for governor of California and wrote "I, governor
of California and how I ended poverty: A true story of the future."
It spoke of his utopian scheme called EPIC (End Poverty in
California). He was defeated by Frank Merriam (1865-1955). In 1992
Greg Mitchell authored “The Campaign of the Century: Upton
Sinclair’s Race for Governor of California and the Birth of Media
Politics.”
(SFEC, 5/2/99, Z1 p.5)(SFC, 1/12/05, p.E3)
1934 The Pacific Rod and Gun
Club moved into a new 13-acre city-owned facility at Lake Merced in
San Francisco.
(SFC, 3/20/08, p.A1)
1934 In Kansas City political
elections 4 people died under the infamously corrupt political
machine of Tom Pendergast.
(SFC, 12/2/96, p.A10)
1934 Hollywood introduced
Technicolor to the big screen.
(Hem, Mar. 95, p.49)
1934 Clarence Birdseye, since
there were no freezer cases in grocery stores, entered a joint
venture to manufacture them. National distribution of frozen foods
became a reality in 1944 when Birdseye began leasing refrigerated
railroad cars to transport his products. Birdseye's innovations led
to the founding of General Foods Co.
(HNPD, 12/9/98)
1934 Will and George Climes
founded Will-George pottery in Los Angeles, Ca. By 1948 the business
had moved to San Gabriel and renamed to Claysmiths. It closed in
1956.
(SFC, 10/24/07, p.G2)
1934 Lucky Lager was first
commercially introduced. The brand was founded by General Brewing in
California. Lucky Lager Brewing opened a second brewery in Azusa,
California in 1949, and bought smaller breweries in Vancouver,
Washington in 1950 and in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1960.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_Lager)
1934 The Ideal Novelty &
Toy Co. (later the Ideal Toy Corp.) made the first Shirley Temple
doll.
(SFC, 2/12/97, z1 p.6)
1934 Charles Guth, owner of
Loft Inc., a chain of candy stores and soda fountains along the East
Coast, acquired the Pepsi-Cola trademark. He tinkered with the
recipe and began selling 12-ounce bottles for a nickel.
(SFC, 2/18/98, p.B2)
1934 The Hearst Corp. acquired
House Beautiful magazine.
(SFC, 8/7/99, p.A9)
1934 The MUZAK Corp. formed to
provide background music using phonograph records for hotels and
restaurants. In 2011 Mood Media Corp. of Toronto said it would pay
$345 million for the privately held Muzak, headquartered since 1999
in Fort Mill, SC.
(SSFC, 3/27/11, p.A10)
1934 Radio controls built into
the instrument panel began to appear in some new automobiles.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)
1934 The Readphone was produced
for putting literature and music on long-playing disks.
(SFC, 7/26/00, p.D3)
1934 Enrico Fermi, Italian
physicist, published a mathematical theory of beta decay as a
simultaneous emission of an electron and a neutrino.
(SCTS, p.131)
1934 William Beebe and inventor
Otis Barton descended more than a half a mile into the ocean off
Bermuda in the 4,500 lb. bathysphere.
(SFEC, 11/17/96, BR p.4)(PacDis, Winter ’97,
p.42)
1934 UC Berkeley shut down The
Razzberry (“uncensored and untrammeled”), a student publication that
satirized the faculty.
(SFC, 3/23/07, p.B9)
1934 William L. Clements,
industrialist, U of M regent and benefactor, died.
(MT, Sum. ‘98, p.9)
1934 Ernst Rohm, founder of the
Nazi storm troopers, was killed on orders by Hitler. Painter Francis
Rose claimed in his memoirs to have been friends with Rohm and
Hitler, and to have exacted a promise from air force chief Hermann
Goering that Gertrude Stein be left alone in wartime France. Stein’s
statement that "Rose is a rose is a rose" was later said to be a
tribute to Francis Rose.
(SFC, 6/9/96, Z1 p.5)
1934 Cassius Marcellus Coolidge
(89), artist, died on Staten Island. His work included "A Friend in
Need," commonly known as "Dogs Playing Poker."
(SFC, 6/17/02, p.D5)
1934 Otto Kahn (b.1867), Wall
Street titan, died. In 2002 Theresa M. Collins authored the
biography: "Otto Kahn: Art, Money and Modern Time."
(WSJ, 8/13/02, p.D4)
1934 Charlie Patton,
Mississippi bluesman, died. His music is on the album "Founder of
the Delta Blues" (Yazoo). His song "Dry Well Blues" described the
disastrous 1930 Lula draught.
(NH, 9/96, p.62)(NH, 10/96, p.66)
1934 Doris Ulmann (b.1882), New
York photographer, died.
(WSJ, 6/19/02, p.D7)
1934 After Albania signed
trade agreements with Greece and Yugoslavia. Italy suspended
economic support, then attempted to threaten Albania.
(www, Albania, 1998)
1934 The Australian song
"Kookaburra" was penned by teacher Marion Sinclair for a Girl Guides
Jamboree. In 1990 music company Larrikin acquired the rights to
"Kookaburra." In 2010 the Australian band Men at Work were found
guilty of plagiarizing the children's ditty in their 1980s hit "Down
Under" after a court battle involving two of the nation's most
iconic songs.
(AFP,
2/4/10)(http://cip.law.ucla.edu/cases/inplay_larrikin.doc)
1934 Paul Otlet (1868-1944),
head of the Mundaneum in Belgium, sketched out plans for a global
network of computers (or “electric telescopes,” as he called them)
that would allow people to search and browse through millions of
interlinked documents, images, audio and video files. In his 1934
book “Monde” he laid out his vision of a “mechanical, collective
brain” that would house all the world’s information, made readily
accessible over a global telecommunications network.
(www.nytimes.com/2008/06/17/science/17mund.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&emc=eta1)
1934 The Chechen-Ingush
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established.
(USAT, 9/2/04, p.13A)
1934 Folke Bergman, Swedish
archeologist, discovered the mummified remains of a Caucasoid
community in northwestern Xinjiang’s Lop Nur desert. The site was
forgotten until his book was translated into Chinese in the late
1990s.
(Arch, 1/05, p.12)
1934 Mussolini began his
Ethiopian massacre.
(TMC, 1994, p.1934)
1934 Henri Pigozzi founded
Simca (Societe Industrielle de Mecanique et Carrosserie Automobile),
at Nanterre, France. Translated it means an industrial company that
makes car mechanics and bodywork.
(www.allpar.com/model/simca.html)
1934 The German propaganda
documentary film "Triumph of the Will" was made by Leni Riefenstahl.
(WSJ, 11/8/99, p.A48)
1934 In Germany Herman Goering,
Nazi party official, approved a request from the Reich Forestry
Service to release North American raccoons into the wild. By 2007
there were over a million raccoons living in Germany.
(SSFC, 5/27/07, p.A2)
1934 Greece’s PM
Elevtherios Venizelos nominated Kemal Ataturk for a Nobel Prize.
Ataturk had proposed that the Turkish mainland should be Turk
(Muslim) and that the islands should be Greek (Christian).
(WSJ, 7/24/98, p.W11)
1934 In Nepal an earthquake
damaged the Mahabuddha Temple in Patan, one of but 3 in the world.
(WSJ, 1/22/98, p.A17)
1934 There were 1,966 delegates
to the 17th Soviet Party Congress. By the 1999 Congress 1,108
delegates were arrested and many shot as traitors. In 1999 J. Arch
Getty and Oleg V. Naumov co-wrote "The Road To Terror," an
examination of the Stalin purges that was a follow-up to Getty's
1985 work "Origins of the Great Purges." The standard account on the
purges is "The Great Terror" (1968) by Robert Conquest.
(WSJ, 9/27/99, p.A32)(Econ, 12/3/05, p.79)
1934 The Soviet Union’s secret
police organization-the People’s Commissariat for Internal
Affairs-was better known as the NKVD. The NKVD replaced the State
Political Administration, or GPU. The GPU had formerly been known as
the Cheka. During World War II there were several reorganizations of
the NKVD, out of which grew the MGB, or Ministry of State Security.
The MGB evolved into the KGB in 1954.
(HNPD, 6/24/99)
1934 The Swiss set up banking
secrecy laws.
(SFC, 10/24/96, p.C2)
1934 Turkey passed legislation
that allowed the government to deny citizenship to gypsies. Turkey
was home to one of the largest Roma populations.
(Econ, 8/19/06, p.48)
1934 Women in Turkey were given
the right to vote and to jettison their veils.
(Econ, 11/8/03, p.49)
1934 In Uruguay a law was
enacted that made it illegal to attack a foreign head of state.
(SFC, 7/5/96, p.A12)
1934 King Alexander of
Yugoslavia was assassinated.
(TMC, 1994, p.1934)
1934-1935 Deng Xiaoping joined Mao Zedong on the
Long March flight from the Nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek. Yank
Shangkun also marched with Mao.
(SFC, 2/20/96, p.A4)(SFC, 9/16/98, p.C4)
1934-1940 Povilas Zadeikis (d.1957) replaced Mr.
Balutis as the Lithuanian representative in Washington. He continued
even with no official government to consult with and no official
funding until 1957.
(Dr, 7/96, V1#1, p.4)
1934-1945 Peter II began his rule over Yugoslavia.
(WUD, 1994, p.1682)
1934-1951 Leopold III began his rule over Belgium.
Under the Nazi occupation he was a prisoner of war.
(WUD, 1994, p.1682)
1934-1991 Shiro Kuramata, Japanese designer. His
work was marked by the use of disparate materials, the play of light
and solid, and a sense of the antic.
(WSJ, 9/17/97, p.A12)
1934-1998 Alfred Schnittke, composer, was born in
Engels in the Volga republic. He later wrote scores for over 60
films.
(SFC, 8/5/98, p.A17)
World War timeline 1935:
http://history.acusd.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/start.html
1935 Jan 1, Eastern Airlines
hired Eddie Rickenbacker as GM.
(MC, 1/1/02)
1935 Jan 1, Helen Richey became
the 1st woman employed as an airplane pilot. She resigned 10 months
later after the all-male pilot's union refused to accept her.
(SSFC, 12/14/03, p.D2)
1935 Jan 2, Bruno Hauptmann
went on trial in Flemington, N.J., on charges of kidnapping and
murdering the infant son of Charles and Anne Lindbergh. Hauptmann
was found guilty but professed his innocence until he was executed.
(AP, 1/2/98)(SFC, 10/28/99, p.B7)
1935 Jan 4, President Franklin
D. Roosevelt claimed in his State of the Union message that the
federal government would provide jobs for 3.5 million Americans on
welfare.
(HN, 1/4/99)
1935 Jan 4, Ft. Jefferson
National Monument was established in Florida.
(MC, 1/4/02)
1935 Jan 6, The play "Waiting
for Lefty" by Clifford Odets was first performed.
(WSJ, 5/1/97, p.A16)
1935 Jan 8, Rock 'n' roll
legend Elvis Presley (d.1977), "The King," was born in Tupelo, Miss.
The most popular singer of the 1950s and 60s. Best known for "Hound
Dog," "Jailhouse Rock" and "Love Me tender." He also starred in over
thirty films.
(SFC, 8/11/97, p.A1)(AP, 1/8/98)(HN, 1/8/99)
1935 Jan 8, AC Hardy patented
the spectrophotometer.
(MC, 1/8/02)
1935 Jan 9, Bob Denver, actor
(Dobie Gillis, Gilligan's Island), was born in New Rochelle, NY.
(MC, 1/9/02)
1935 Jan 10, Sherrill Milnes,
baritone (Scarpia, Rigoletto), was born in Hinsdale, Illinois.
(MC, 1/10/02)
1935 Jan 10, Actress Mary
Pickford married actor Douglas Fairbanks.
(MC, 1/10/02)
1935 Jan 11, Aviator Amelia
Earhart began a trip from Honolulu to Oakland, Calif., becoming the
first woman to fly solo across the Pacific Ocean.
(AP, 1/11/98)
1935 Jan 11, Rabbi Ira
Eisenstein (d.2001 at 94) published his first issue of "The
Reconstructionist" journal and continued as editor through 1981.
Reconstructionist belief saw Judaism as "the evolving religious
civilization of the Jewish people." Eisenstein believed that God
could be understood only by observing God’s effect on the world. "We
get to know what God is by what God makes people do."
(http://jrf.org/resources/files/Reconstructionist%20at%2070%20-%20Hirsh.pdf)(SFC,
7/5/01, p.D2)
1935 Jan 14, The oil pipeline
from Iraq to the Mediterranean went into use.
(MC, 1/14/02)
1935 Jan 16, US federal agents
killed gangsters Ma Barker and Freddy, one of her 4 sons, at Lake
Weir, Fla.
(AH, 2/05, p.16)
1935 Jan 19, The first pair of
Jockey briefs showed up in a Marshall Field’s window in Chicago.
(SSFC, 11/29/09, p.N6)
1935 Jan 20, Belgium arrested
some Nazi agitators who were urging for a return to the Reich.
(HN, 1/20/99)
1935 Jan 24, The 1st canned
beer, "Krueger Cream Ale," was sold by Krueger Brewing Co. of
Richmond, Va.
(www.bcca.com/bccacan1.html)
1935 Jan 26, Bob Uecker,
catcher, actor, was born in Milwaukee, Wisc.
(MC, 1/26/02)
1935 Jan 27, The League of
Nations majority favored depriving Japan of mandates.
(HN, 1/27/99)
1935 Jan 31, The San Francisco
emergency relief committed said there are 80,491 people on relief.
20,000 were employed, 10,000 were on direct relief and 550 were
unemployable.
(SSFC, 1/31/10, DB p.42)
1935 Jan 31, The Soviet premier
told Japan to get out of Manchuria.
(HN, 1/31/99)
1935 Jan, Parker Brothers
launched the Monopoly game acquired from George Darrow and by mid
February were selling 20,000 sets per week.
(www.monopolycollector.com/)
1935 Feb 2, A lie detector,
invented in 1921, was 1st used in court at Portage, Wisc.
(MC, 2/2/02)(Econ, 7/10/04, p.71)
1935 Feb 4, Martti Talvela,
operatic basso, was born in Hiitola, Karelia, Finland.
(MC, 2/4/02)
1935 Feb 6, Turkey held its 1st
election that allowed women to vote.
(MC, 2/6/02)
1935 Feb 8, Max Liebermann
(b.1847), German impressionist painter, graphic artist, died in
Berlin. He was associated with several artists’ organizations
including the Berlin Secession.
(www.xs4all.nl/~androom/index.htm?biography/p011740.htm)
1935 Feb 10, Pennsylvania RR
began passenger service with new electric locomotive.
(MC, 2/10/02)
1935 Feb 12, The 785-foot USS
Macon, the last US Navy dirigible (ZRS-5), crashed on its 55th
flight off the coast of California, killing two people. After
takeoff from Point Sur, California, a gust of wind tore off the
ship's upper fin, deflating its gas cells and causing the ship to
fall into the sea. Two of Macon 's 83 crewmen died in the accident.
The U.S. Navy lost the airships Shenandoah in 1925 and Akron in
1933. Some considered airships too dangerous for the program to
continue at that point, and work on them in the United States halted
temporarily.
(HNQ, 2/7/99)(SFC, 9/27/06, p.B1)
1935 Feb 13, A jury in
Flemington, N.J., found Bruno Richard Hauptmann guilty of
first-degree murder in the kidnap-death of the infant son of Charles
and Anne Lindbergh. Hauptmann was later executed.
(AP, 2/13/98)
1935 Feb 13, 1st US surgical
operation for relief of angina pectoris took place in Cleveland.
(MC, 2/13/02)
1935 Feb 16, Brian Bedford,
actor (Anthony-Coronet Blue), was born in England.
(MC, 2/16/02)
1935 Feb 16, Salvatore Bono
(d.1998), vocalist (Sonny & Cher), (Rep-R-Ca, 1995-98), was born
in Detroit.
(SFC, 1/6/98, p.A11)(MC, 2/16/02)
1935 Feb 17, Thirty-one
prisoners escaped an Oklahoma prison after murdering a guard.
(HN, 2/17/98)
1935 Feb 18, Rome reported
sending troops to Italian Somalia.
(HN, 2/18/98)
1935 Feb 22, All plane flights
over the White House were barred because they disturbed President
Roosevelt’s sleep.
(HN, 2/22/98)
1935 Feb 26, New York Yankees
released Babe Ruth. He signed with Boston Braves.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1935 Feb 26, Radio Detection
and Ranging (RADAR) was 1st demonstrated by Robert Watson-Watt.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1935 Feb 26, Germany began
Luftwaffe operations under Reichsmarshal H. Goering.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1935 Feb 27, Mirella Freni,
lyric soprano (Madame Butterfly), was born in Modena, Italy.
(MC, 2/27/02)
1935 Feb 28, Nylon was
discovered by Dr. Wallace H. Carothers.
(MC, 2/28/02)
1935 Mar 1, Germany celebrated
the return of the Saar Basin to the Reich.
(HN, 3/1/98)
1935 Mar 1, Germany officially
established the Luftwaffe.
(HN, 3/1/00)
1935 Mar 2, King
Prajadhipok abdicated and left for England. He was replaced by
Ananda Mahidol (1925-1946), who became Rama VIII.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananda_Mahidol)
1935 Mar 3, Dutch Revolutionary
Socialist Worker's party (RSAP) was formed.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1935 Mar 6, Retired Supreme
Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (b.1841) died in Washington.
He later became the subject of a novel, a film, a Broadway play and
a postage stamp. In 2000 Albert W. Alschuler authored the biography
"Law Without Values." "The best test of truth is the power of the
thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market."
(AP, 3/6/98)(WSJ, 12/14/00, p.A24)
1935 Mar 7, In an effort to
reduce street noise, the city of New York revoked the licenses of
all organ grinders .
(HNQ, 7/25/98)
1935 Mar 7, Malcolm Campbell
set an auto speed record of 276.8 mph in Florida.
(HN, 3/7/98)
1935 Mar 7, Saar was
incorporated into Germany.
(MC, 3/7/02)
1935 Mar 8, In San Francisco a
boxing match between Joe Lewis and Red Barry was stopped after Barry
collapsed under punches from Lewis. Close to 8,000 fans watched the
bout at Dreamland where Lewis won close to $3,650 with Barry
getting about $1,200.
(SSFC, 3/7/10, p.46)
1935 Mar 9, Hermann Goering
announced the existence of the German Luftwaffe (air force).
(http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_781532807/Wehrmacht.html)
1935 Mar 12-1935 Mar 25,
Colorado dust storms killed 6 people, suffocated livestock and
covered the ground with up to 6 feet of dust.
(SFC, 3/19/09, p.D8)
1935 Mar 13, Driving tests were
introduced in Great Britain.
(MC, 3/13/02)
1935 Mar 13,
Three-thousand-year-old archives were found in Jerusalem confirming
biblical history.
(HN, 3/13/98)
1935 Mar 15, Joseph Goebbels,
German Minister of Propaganda banned four Berlin newspapers.
(HN, 3/15/98)
1935 Mar 16, Adolf Hitler
ordered a German rearmament in violation of the Versailles Treaty.
He announced in public Nazi rearmament and the existence of the new
German air force, the Luftwaffe.
(AP, 3/16/97)(HN, 3/16/98)(ON, 11/05, p.2)
1935 Mar 16, John J.R. Macleod
(58), Scottish-Canadian physiologist (Nobel 1923), died.
(MC, 3/16/02)
1935 Mar 16, Aron Nimzowitsch
(b.1886), a Latvian-born Danish chess player, died. In 1925 he
authored “My System,” which he described as a chess manual based on
entirely new principles.
(WSJ, 3/22/08,
p.W10)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aron_Nimzowitsch)
1935 Mar 17, Hitler reviewed
the military parade in Berlin.
(HN, 3/17/98)
1935 Mar 19, Renee Taylor,
actress (Jack Paar Show, Mary Hartman, Nanny), was born in NYC.
(MC, 3/19/02)
1935 Mar 19, The British fired
on 20,000 Moslems in India, killing 23.
(HN, 3/19/98)
1935 Mar 22, Michael Emmet
Walsh, actor (Wildcats, War Party), was born in Ogdensburg, NY.
(MC, 3/22/02)
1935 Mar 22, Blood tests were
authorized as evidence in court cases in NY.
(MC, 3/22/02)
1935 Mar 22, Reza Shah Pahlavi
renamed Persia to Iran, which in Farsi means Aryan. It reflected the
shah’s identification with Hitler’s Third Reich.
(SFC,11/19/97, Z1 p.7)(HN, 3/22/97)(SSFC, 1/8/06,
p.D1)
1935 Mar 22, Russia sold the
Chinese Eastern Railway to Japan.
(HN, 3/22/97)
1935 Mar 23, France, Italy and
Britain agreed to present a unified front in response to Germany.
(HN, 3/23/98)
1935 Mar 25, Hitler declared
that the Soviets endangered peace in Europe.
(HN, 3/24/98)
1935 Mar 27, The steamer North
Haven departed San Francisco with 2 prefabricated hotels and other
supplies to establish bases on Wake and Guam Islands in the Marianas
to support Pan Am flights.
(SFEM, 2/13/00, p.32)
1935 Mar 28, Goddard used
gyroscopes to control a rocket.
(MC, 3/28/02)
1935 Mar 29, French liner
Normandie began its maiden voyage.
(MC, 3/29/02)
1935 Mar 30, Britain and Russia
agreed on treaties intended to curb the power of the Reich.
(HN, 3/30/98)
1935 Mar 31, Herb Alpert,
bandleader, trumpeter (Tijuana Brass), CEO (A & M), was born.
(MC, 3/31/02)
1935 Mar, The German
Reichpost (Post Office) began the "first television broadcasting
service in the world". However, the quality was poor and
receivers were almost non-existent."
(http://www.tvhistory.tv/1935%20QF.htm)
1935 Apr 1, The first radio
tube to be made of metal was announced in Schenectady, NY.
(OTD)
1935 Apr 2, Sharon Acker,
actress (Della Street-Perry Mason 1973), was born in Toronto,
Canada.
(MC, 4/2/02)
1935 Apr 2, Sir Watson-Watt
patented RADAR.
(MC, 4/2/02)
1935 Apr 6, Edwin Arlington
Robinson (b.1869), US poet, died. In 2006 Scott Donaldson authored
“Edwin Arlington Robinson: A Poet’s Life.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Arlington_Robinson)(WSJ,
1/27/07, p.P9)
1935 Apr 8, The Emergency
Relief Appropriation Act authorized $5 billion to increase
employment and for useful projects including the Works Progress
Administration (WPA). President Franklin Roosevelt proposed the
Works Progress Administration (WPA) during the Great Depression of
the 1930s when almost 25 percent of Americans were unemployed. The
WPA created low-paying federal jobs to provide immediate relief. The
WPA put 8.5 million jobless to work on projects as diverse as
constructing highways, bridges and public buildings to arts programs
like the Federal Writers' Project. Writers were paid to produce
comprehensive guidebooks for each of the US states and Washington
DC. In 2008 Nick Taylor authored “”American-Made: The Enduring
Legacy of the WPA, When FDR Put America to Work.”
(AP, 4/8/97)(HN, 4/8/98)(HNPD, 4/8/99)(SFC,
3/12/08, p.E2)(WSJ, 2/17/09, p.A13)
1935 Apr 8, Adolph Ochs
(b.1858), publisher of the New York Times, died.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolph_Ochs)
1935 Apr 10, Jorge Mester,
conductor (Louisville Orch 1967-79), was born in Mexico City.
(MC, 4/10/02)
1935 Apr 10, Vaughan Williams'
4th Symphony premiered in London.
(MC, 4/10/02)
1935 Apr 12, Wendy Savage,
obstetrician, gynecologist, was born.
(MC, 4/12/02)
1935 Apr 12, Germany prohibited
the publishing of "not-Aryan" writers.
(MC, 4/12/02)
1935 Apr 14, Loretta Lynn,
singer (Coal Miner's Daughter), was born in Butcher's Hollow, Ky. In
1948 she married Doo Lynn (d.1996). she recorded her 1st single in
1960: "I’m a Honky Tonk Girl."
(MC, 4/14/02)(SSFC, 1/26/03, Par p.8)
1935 Apr 14, A major sandstorm,
dubbed “The Black Blizzard,” ravaged the US Midwest. The Black
Sunday was the worst day of the almost decade long Dust Bowl era. It
ravaged Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. In 2005
Timothy Egan authored “The Worst Hard Time: The Untold Story of
Those Who Survived the Great American Dust Bowl.”
(SSFC, 1/8/06,
p.M1)(www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/depression/dustbowl.htm)(Sm, 3/06,
p.111)
1935 Apr 16, The radio comedy
program "Fibber McGee and Molly" premiered on the NBC Blue Network.
(AP, 4/16/97)
1935 Apr 19, Dudley Moore, film
actor, comedian and musician, was born in Dagenham, East London.
(SFC, 3/28/02, p.A15)
1935 Apr 20, "Your Hit Parade"
debuted on NBC radio. It was called the "Lucky Strike Hit Parade" by
the newspapers. The show was re-named "Your Hit Parade" on November
9. The first number one song chosen for the first show was "Soon" by
Bing Crosby.
(Bruce C. Byrd, Your Hit Parade & American
Top Ten Hits, 4th edition, 1994, p.15)
1935 Apr 21, Charles Grodin,
actor, Woman in Red, Lonely Guy, Heartbreak Kid), was born in
Pittsburgh.
(MC, 4/21/02)
1935 Apr 21, King Boris of
Bulgaria forbade all political parties.
(MC, 4/21/02)
1935 Apr 27, US Congress
declared soil erosion "a national menace" in an act establishing the
Soil Conservation Service in the Department of Agriculture (formerly
the Soil Erosion Service in the U.S. Department of Interior). Under
the direction of Hugh H. Bennett, the SCS developed extensive
conservation programs that retained topsoil and prevented
irreparable damage to the land. Farming techniques such as strip
cropping, terracing, crop rotation, contour plowing, and cover crops
were advocated. Farmers were paid to practice soil-conserving
farming techniques.
(www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/depression/dustbowl.htm)(Sm, 3/06, p.111)
1935 Apr 28, The Moscow 81-km
underground opened.
(MC, 4/28/02)
1935 May 5, American Jesse
Owens set the long jump record at 26 ft. 8 inch.
(HN, 5/5/98)(MC, 5/5/02)
1935 May 6, The Works Progress
Administration began operating.
(AP, 5/6/97)
1935 May 6, British King George
& Queen Mary celebrated their silver jubilee.
(MC, 5/6/02)
1935 May 7, US Commissioner
Ernest E. Williams listened as witnesses charged Walter Lord, head
of Drive-Away Travel Service of Detroit, with violating the National
Recovery Administration automobile code. At least 10 young men were
left stranded in San Francisco after driving in cars from Detroit
with no pay. Drivers figured they had worked 138 hours, which at the
NRA rate of 37.5 cents and hour, would have meant $51.75 in wages
for each driver.
(SSFC, 5/2/10, DB p.46)
1935 May 11, The US Rural
Electrification Administration was established.
(SSFC, 1/18/09, p.D6)
1935 May 13, David T. Wilkinson
(d.2002), physicist, was born in Hillsdale, Mich. He became the
driving force behind the 1989 Cosmic Background Explorer Satellite.
It provided evidence for the "Big Bang" that spawned the universe
10-20 billion years ago.
(SFEC, 9/28/97, p.A14)(SFC, 9/16/02, p.A20)
1935 May 14, A plebiscite in
the Philippines ratified a independence agreement.
(HN, 5/14/98)
1935 May 15, Kasimir Malevich
(b.1878), Ukraine-born Cubist painter, died. He was a leader of the
Suprematist movement in Russian painting. He pioneered the use of
abstract geometrical elements and limited colors to demonstrate the
supremacy of expressing feelings.
(WSJ, 6/21/99,
p.B14)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich)
1935 May 19, National Football
League adopted an annual college draft to begin in 1936.
(HN, 5/19/98)
1935 May 19, Colonel Thomas E.
Lawrence, better known as Lawrence of Arabia, died 6 days after
sustaining head injuries in a motorcycle accident on a Dorset,
England, country road. Lawrence served the British Foreign Office as
liaison officer during the Arab revolt against the Turks in World
War I. His leadership and sympathetic understanding of the Arabs
were instrumental in Allied General Edmund Allenby's conquest of
Palestine in 1917. Bitterly disappointed by the 1919 Paris Peace
Conference's refusal to mandate Arab independence, Lawrence resigned
from the Foreign Office in 1922 to write books about his Middle East
experiences. In 2011 Michael Korda authored “Hero: The Life and
Legend of Lawrence of Arabia.”
(HNPD, 5/19/99)(AP, 5/19/08)(Econ, 4/30/11, p.90)
1935 May 21, Jane Addams
(b.1860), a founder of ACLU (Nobel 1973), died. She was known for
her work as a social reformer, pacifist, and founder of Hull House
in Chicago in 1889. She was the first American woman to receive the
Nobel Peace Prize (1931). In 2001 jean Bethke Elshtain authored
"Jane Addams and the Dream of American Democracy" and edited "The
Jane Addams Reader."
(AHD, 1971, p.15)(HN, 9/6/98)(WSJ, 1/2/02,
p.A16)(MC, 5/21/02)
1935 May 22, Stanley Baldwin,
Britain’s former PM, admitted that his estimation of Germany’s
Luftwaffe strength was wrong.
(ON, 11/05, p.2)
1935 May 24, The first
major-league baseball game played at night took place at
Cincinnati’s Crosley Field as the Reds beat the Philadelphia
Phillies, 2-1.
(WSJ, 7/8/96, p.A8)(AP, 5/24/97)
1935 May 25, Barbara Harris, US
actress (Family Plot, Plaza Suite), was born.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1935 May 25, Jesse Owens set
six world records in less than an hour in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
(HN, 5/25/99)
1935 May 25, Babe Ruth hit his
last three and 714th and final home run for the Boston Braves in a
game against the Pittsburgh Pirates.
(AP, 5/25/97)(SC, 5/25/02)
1935 May 27, The US Supreme
Court, in Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, declared
President Roosevelt's National Industrial Recovery Act
unconstitutional.
(HN, 5/27/98)(AP, 5/27/07)
1935 May 29, André P.
Brink, South African writer (Dry White Season), was born.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1935 May 29, Denis J. Worrall,
South African politician/leader (DP), was born.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1935 May 29, Hague local museum
opened.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1935 May 29, Josef Suk (61)
Czech violinist composer, died at 61.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1935 May 30, Babe Ruth in his
final game went hitless for Braves against Phillies.
(MC, 5/30/02)
1935 May 31, In Quetta, India
(later Pakistan), a magnitude 7.5 earthquake killed some 50,000
people. The earthquake flattened Quetta, killing an estimated 26,000
people in the city alone, more than half its population.
(AP, 12/27/03)(AP, 10/15/05)
1935 May, In China Mao’s forces
crossed a narrow suspension bridge over the Dadu River in Sichuan
Province. Details of the event still remained controversial in 2006.
(Econ, 4/29/06, p.88)
1935 Jun 1, Driving test and
license plates were introduced in England.
(DTnet, 6/1/97)
1935 Jun 3, The French liner
Normandie set a record on its maiden voyage, arriving in New York
after crossing the Atlantic in just four days, 11 hours and 42
minutes.
(AP, 6/3/05)
1935 Jun 7, In Britain after
the resignation of PM MacDonald, King George V appointed Stanley
Baldwin Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury.
(www.archontology.org/nations/england/bpm/baldwin.php)
1935 Jun 10, Alcoholics
Anonymous was founded in Akron, Ohio, by William G. Wilson (Bill
Wilson), a stockbroker, and Dr. Robert Smith (Bob Smith), a heart
surgeon.
(AP, 6/10/97)
1935 Jun 11, Gene Wilder, actor
(Young Frankenstein, Silver Streak), was born in Milwaukee.
(SC, 6/11/02)
1935 Jun 12, Senator Huey Long
of Louisiana spoke continually for 15 hours in Senate's longest
speech on record (150,000 words).
(MC, 6/12/02)
1935 Jun 13, James J. Braddock
claimed the title of world heavyweight boxing champion from Max Baer
in a 15-round fight in Long Island City, N.Y. In 2005 Jeremy Schaap
authored “Cinderella Man: James J. Braddock, Max Baer, and the
Greatest Upset in boxing History.” Braddock soon lost his title to
Joe Louis.
(Econ, 5/7/05, p.79)(AP, 6/13/05)
1935 Jun 14, A commission of
neutral nations (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and the
United States) declared an armistice in the Chaco War between
Bolivia and Paraguay. A definite settlement was finally reached in
1938.
(http://countrystudies.us/bolivia/15.htm)
1935 Jun 16, Jim Dine, American
artist, was born.
(HN, 6/16/01)
1935 Jun 16, President
Roosevelt's New Deal legislation was passed by the House of
Representatives.
(HN, 6/16/01)
1935 Jun 21, Jack Loreen (34),
holder of the world’s roller skating record from New York to Miami,
allowed himself to be buried at Balboa Street and the Great Highway
in San Francisco in a effort to beat his 65-day record, established
last year, for being buried alive in a coffin.
(SSFC, 6/20/10, DB p.50)
1935 Jun 24, Carlos Gardel,
Argentine tango singer, died with 17 others, including three of his
guitarists, when the propeller plane they were traveling in collided
with another on takeoff from Medellin, Colombia, and burst into
flames.
(AP, 6/25/05)
1935 Jun 28, FDR ordered a
federal gold vault to be built at Fort Knox, Kentucky.
(MC, 6/28/02)
1935 Jun 30, Fascists caused an
uproar at the League of Nations when Haile Selassie of Ethiopia
spoke. He also warned the League of Nations of the dangers of
appeasement.
(HN, 6/30/98)
1935 Jun, Theodore J. Carski
and Dr. Einar Leifson, laboratorians at Johns Hopkins Hospital,
found Baltimore Biological Laboratory (BBL). In 1955 it was acquired
by Becton Dickinson Corp.
(Horizon, summer 1995)
1935 Jun, A US law that
required a pink tax form of personal tax information under the
Revenue Act of 1934 was repealed.
(WSJ, 4/3/06, p.B1)
1935 Jul 2, Gilbert Kalish,
pianist, professor (SUNY Stony Brook), was born in Brooklyn, NY.
(SC, 7/2/02)
1935 Jul 2, C. Jackson
discovered asteroid #1357, Khama.
(SC, 7/2/02)
1935 Jul 2, SF Bay Bridge
riveter Michael E. Markey (31) fell 290 feet to his death at Yerba
Buena Island. Fellow bridge workers quit for the day in accordance
with custom.
(SSFC, 6/27/10, DB p.46)
1935 Jul 5, President Roosevelt
signed the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act), which provided
for a National Labor Relations Board and authorized labor to
organize for the purpose of collective bargaining. The National
Labor Relations Board (NLRB) was created by a statute as an
independent federal agency that conducts secret-ballot elections to
determine whether employees desire union representation. This
inaugurated the "pink decade" of Soviet espionage and penetration of
America's labor movement by Communists.
(WSJ, 5/12/97, p.A15)(AP, 7/5/97)(SFC, 11/27/99,
p.C4)(SSFC, 1/11/04, p.M6)
1935 Jul 6, Dalai Lama 14,
spiritual leader of Tibet's Lamaistic Buddhists, was born as Lhamo
Thondup in Hong Ya, a mountain hamlet on the Tibetan Plateau. He was
formally recognized as the reincarnated Dalai Lama at age 2 and was
renamed Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso (Holy
Lord, Gentle Glory, Compassionate, Defender of the Faith, Ocean of
Wisdom). He became a Nobel Peace Prize winner (1989) for his efforts
to end China's domination of Tibet.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenzin_Gyatso,_14th_Dalai_Lama)(Econ,
2/28/09, p.44)
1935 Jul 12, Alfred Dreyfus,
French officer of Jewish background, died in Paris. His trial and
conviction in 1894 on charges of treason became one of the most
tense political dramas in modern French and European history. It is
still known today as the Dreyfus Affair.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Dreyfus)
1935 Jul 13, Jack Kemp,
football player, vice-presidential candidate for the Republican
party in 1996, was born.
(HN, 7/13/98)
1935 Jul 13, Richard Strauss
resigned as chairman of the Nazi Reichskulturkammer.
(MC, 7/13/02)
1935 Jul 13, In Iran
worshippers at the Shrine of Imam Reza in Mashad protested a dress
code that demanded Western-style brimmed hats. A riot broke out as
troops opened fire.
(WSJ, 6/2/07,
p.A12)(www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=4388)
1935 Jul 16, The first parking
meters were installed, in Oklahoma City. Carlton Magee's automatic
meter, the "Park-O-Meter" was installed by the Dual Parking Meter
Company in Oklahoma City. The parking meters were divided by 20-foot
spaces painted on the pavement and accepted nickels.
(AP, 7/16/97)(HNQ, 8/4/02)
1935 Jul 17, Diahann Carroll,
actress, was born in NYC, NY, as Carol Diann Johnson.
(http://www.africanpubs.com/Apps/bios/0144CarrollDiahann.asp?pic=none)
1935 Jul 17, Peter Schickele,
composer, creator of P.D.Q. Bach, was born.
(HN, 7/17/01)
1935 Jul 17, The entertainment
trade publication Variety ran its famous headline, "Sticks Nix Hick
Pix," which might be translated as "rural America dislikes
rural-themed movies."
(AP, 7/17/97)
1935 Jul 18, Annie Smith Peck
(b.1850), one of the world’s renowned mountain climbers, died in New
York. In 1932 she authored “Flying over South America: Twenty
Thousand Miles by Air.”
(www.britannica.com/women/articles/Peck_Annie_Smith.html)
1935 Jul 18, Ethiopian King
Haile Selassie urged his countrymen to fight to the last man against
the invading Italian army. He had previously warned the League of
Nations of the dangers of appeasement.
(HN, 7/18/98)
1935 Jul 20, The 1st broadcast
of "Gang Busters" played on NBC-radio.
(MC, 7/20/02)
1935 Jul 24, Pat Oliphant,
political cartoonist, was born.
(MC, 7/24/02)
1935 Jul 24, Mel Ramos, pop
artist, was born in Sacramento, Ca.
(www.rogallery.com/ramos_mel/ramos_biography.htm)
1935 Jul 25, Barbara Harris,
Tony award winning actress in The Apple Tree, was born.
(HN, 7/25/98)
1935 Jul 25, Adnan Khashoggi,
billionaire arms dealer, was born.
(SC, 7/25/02)
1935 Jul 25, Laurent Terzieff,
actor (Pharaoh-Moses the Law Giver), was born in Paris, France.
(SC, 7/25/02)
1935 Jul 25, C. Jackson
discovered asteroid #1641 Tana.
(SC, 7/25/02)
1935 Jul 26, Bill Bailey
(1910-1995) and several seamen boarded the German passenger ship
Bremen in New York harbor and ripped the Nazi flag from its mast
before a crowd of some 5,000 people. The group battled 100
detectives, 150 uniformed police and 25 mounted police and members
of the ship’s crew to get to the flag.
(SFC,11/15/97, p.A19)
1935 Jul 28, G. Neujmin
discovered asteroid #1386 Storeria.
(SC, 7/28/02)
1935 Jul 29, Peter Schreier,
tenor (Dresden State Opera 1961), was born in Meissen, Germany.
(MC, 7/29/02)
1935 Jul 30, The 1st Penguin
book was published in England and started the paperback revolution.
The sixpenny books made a 1st blow to the library system.
(SFC, 12/29/99, p.E1)(MC, 7/30/02)(Econ, 5/1/04,
p.59)
1935 Aug 3, Richard D. Lamm,
Gov-D-Colo, was born.
(SC, 8/3/02)
1935 Aug 3, Georgi S. Shonin,
cosmonaut (Soyuz 6), was born.
(SC, 8/3/02)
1935 Aug 7, In Danzig
(Gdansk) 60% of voters agreed to Nazism (NSDAP).
(MC, 8/7/02)
1935 Aug 11, There was a Nazi
mass demonstration against German Jews.
(MC, 8/11/02)
1935 Aug 14, The Social
Security Act became law as President Franklin Roosevelt signed the
Social Security Bill, providing assistance to the poor and needy. It
created an old-age and unemployment insurance, and supplemented
mothers’ pensions with Aid to Dependent Children.
(AP, 8/14/97)(www.ssa.gov/history/1930.html)
1935 Aug 15, Humorist Will
Rogers (55), American comedian and "cowboy philosopher," and
aviation pioneer Wiley Post (36) were killed when their airplane
crashed near Point Barrow, Alaska. Rogers once said: "Even if you're
on the right track, you'll get run over if you just sit there."
(AP, 8/15/97)(HN, 8/15/98)(MC, 8/15/02)
1935 Aug 22, E. Annie Proulx,
writer, was born in Connecticut. Her novels included "Postcards" and
"The Shipping News."
(HN, 8/22/00)
1935 Aug 23, The US Banking Act
of 1935 revised the operation of the Federal Reserve System.
(SSFC, 1/18/09, p.D6)
1935 Aug 26, Geraldine Ferraro,
(Rep-D-NY) 1st female dem VP candidate (1984), was born.
(MC, 8/26/02)
1935 Aug 26, The US Public
Utilities Act gave federal agencies powers to regulate gas and
electric companies.
(SSFC, 1/18/09, p.D6)
1935 Aug 30, The US Revenue Act
increased taxes on inheritances, gifts and higher income
individuals.
(SSFC, 1/18/09,
p.D6)(www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=Article&id=6038)
1935 Aug 31, Eldridge Cleaver,
political activist and author of "Soul on Fire," was born.
(HN, 8/31/98)
1935 Aug 31, President
Roosevelt signed an act prohibiting the export of U.S. arms to
belligerents.
(AP, 8/31/97)
1935 Sep 1, Seiji Ozawa,
conductor (Boston Symphony Orchestra), was born in Hoten, Manchuria
(now Shenyang, Liaoning, China).
(www.bach-cantatas.com/Bio/Ozawa-Seiji.htm)
1935 Sep 2, A hurricane slammed
into the Florida Keys, claiming more than 400 lives. Estimates of
the dead reached 500-800. Some 260 WW I veterans were killed in the
Labor Day hurricane as well as over 160 permanent residents. In 2002
Willie Drye authored “The Storm of the Century: The Labor Day
Hurricane of 1935.”
(WSJ, 4/2/07, p.B1)(AP, 9/2/07)(AH, 2/03, p.59)
1935 Sep 3, Sir Malcolm
Campbell became the first person to drive an automobile over 300
MPH. Campbell drove the Bluebird Special on the Bonneville Salt
Flats in Utah at a speed of 304.331 MPH.
(MC, 9/3/01)
1935 Sep 8, The Hoboken Four,
featuring Frank Sinatra as lead singer, appeared on "Major Bowes
Amateur Hour" on WOR radio.
(MC, 9/8/01)
1935 Sep 8, Sen. Huey P. Long,
"The Kingfish" of Louisiana politics, was shot and mortally wounded
in Baton Rouge allegedly by Dr. Carl Austin Weiss, Jr.; he died two
days later ending what might have been a prominent national career.
It was suspected that Dr. Weiss was acting in revenge against Long's
public slandering of his father. The 1996 documentary film "Huey
Long" by Ken Burns was about the Louisiana politician who wanted to
redistribute wealth and make every man a king.
(TMC, 1994, p.1935)(AP, 9/8/97)(SFEC, 3/8/98, DB
p.47)(HN, 9/8/98)
1935 Sep 8, Carl Austin Weiss,
murderer of Sen Huey Long, was shot down.
(MC, 9/8/01)
1935 Sep 10, Mary Oliver,
Pulitzer Prize-winning poet, was born in maple Heights, Ohio.
(HN, 9/10/00)
1935 Sep 10, Sen. Huey P. Long,
"The Kingfish" of Louisiana politics, died from a gunshot
wound inflicted Sep 8 by Dr. Carl Austin Weiss Jr. In 2006 Richard
D. White authored “Kingfish: The Reign of Huey P. Long.”
(AP, 9/8/97)(Econ, 4/22/06, p.80)
1935 Sep 11, Charles Norris
(b.1868), former NYC chief medical examiner and forensic pioneer,
died. He and toxicologist Thomas A. Gonzales (1878-1956) were
instrumental in developing forensics as an extension of clinical
medicine in which information derived from study of the dead was
applied to benefit the living. Their combined efforts between 1918
and 1954 represent the epitome of the application of scientific
expertise to medicolegal investigation of deaths in America. In 2010
Deborah Blum authored “The Poisoner’s Handbook: Murder and the Birth
of Forensic Medicine in Jazz Age New York.”
(http://tinyurl.com/yz82jfc)(SSFC, 3/21/10, p.F7)
1935 Sep 12, Millionaire Howard
Hughes flew his own designed plane at 352.46 mph.
(MC, 9/12/01)
1935 Sep 15, In Berlin, the
Reich under Adolf Hitler adopted The Nuremberg Laws which deprived
German Jews of their citizenship, made the swastika the official
symbol of Nazi Germany and established gradations of "Jewishness."
"Full Jews," people with four "non-Aryan" grandparents, were
deprived of German citizenship and forbidden to marry members of the
"Aryan race." German Jews, had been barred since 1938 from
government, medical, and legal professions, and shut out from every
area of German public life. After the war Gen'l. Patton gave the
documents to a friend and they were stored in the Huntington Museum
in Cal.
(AP, 9/15/97)(HN, 9/15/99)(SFC, 6/26/99, p.A3)
1935 Sep 17, Ken Kesey
(d.2001), author, was born in La Junta, Colo. His novels included
"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" (1962) and "Sometimes a
Great Notion" (1964).
(HN, 9/17/00)(SSFC, 11/11/01, p.A16)
1935 Sep 19, Konstantin
Tsiolkovsky (b.1857), Russian scientist, died. He was a visionary
and pioneer of astronautics. He theorized many aspects of human
space travel and rocket propulsion decades before others, and played
an important role in the development of the Soviet and Russian space
programs. In 1932 Tsiolkovsky wrote "The Cosmic Philosophy," a
summary of his philosophical ideas. He also wrote science fiction
books, including "On The Moon” (1895), “Dreams of the Earth and Sky”
(1895), and “Beyond the Earth” (1920).
(www.informatics.org/museum/tsiol.html)
1935 Sep 25, Maxwell Anderson's
"Winterset," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 9/25/01)
1935 Sep 30, Johnny Mathis,
singer famous for "Misty" and "Wonderful Wonderful," was born.
(HN, 9/30/98)
1935 Sep 30, George Gershwin’s
opera Porgy and Bess opens at the Colonial Theatre in Boston.
(HN, 9/30/00)
1935 Oct 1, Julie Andrews
(Julia Elizabeth Wells), actress and singer, was born. Her films
include "Mary Poppins" and "The Sound of Music."
(HN, 10/1/00)
1935 Oct 3, Italy
invaded Ethiopia.
(DoD, 1999,
p.237)(www.onwar.com/aced/data/india/italyethiopia1935.htm)
1935 Oct 6, Italian army
occupied Adua, Abyssinia (Ethiopia).
(MC, 10/6/01)
1935 Oct 7, Thomas Keneally,
novelist, was born. His work included "Schindler’s Ark," the basis
for the film "Schindler’s List."
(HN, 10/7/00)
1935 Oct 7, The US Supreme
court held its 1st session in its new building designed by Cass
Gilbert. It was built on the site of an old Civil War prison. A new
marble frieze at the Supreme Court included an image of Mohammed. In
1997 a Muslim group complained because Islamic tradition forbids
images of the prophet.
(WSJ, 3/13/97,
p.A1)(www.supremecourthistory.org)(WSJ, 8/27/03, p.B4)
1935 Oct 7, Himmler, Hess and
Reinhard Heydrich agreed to build a concentration camp at Dachau.
(MC, 10/7/01)
1935 Oct 10, "Porgy and Bess"
debuted at the Alvin Theater on Broadway in New York City. George
Gershwin composed the music based on a 1925 novel by Dubose Heyward.
It had already premiered in Boston.
(SFEM, 10/5/97, p.4)(AP, 10/10/97)(MT, Fall. ‘97,
p.12)
1935 Oct 11, In San Francisco 5
tons of molten glass escaped from a break in a 300-ton furnace at
the 15th and Folsom streets plant of Owens-Illinois Co. An emergency
pit caught most of the escaping glass.
(SSFC, 10/10/10, DB p.50)
1935 Oct 11, The League of
Nations met and voted 50 to 4 (Austria, Hungary, Italy and Albania
opposed) to condemn Italy for the attack on Ethiopia.
(http://nazret.com/history/)
1935 Oct 12, Luciano Pavarotti,
Italian opera tenor, was born in Modena, Italy.
(AP, 10/12/07)
1935 Oct 19, Mao Tse Tung's
army reached Shanxi.
(MC, 10/19/01)
1935 Oct 20, Jerry Ohrbach,
actor (Law & Order, Dirty Dancing), was born in Bronx, NYC.
(MC, 10/20/01)
1935 Oct 20, 400,000
demonstrated against fascism in Madrid.
(MC, 10/20/01)
1935 Oct 23, Dutch Schultz
(33), born as Arthur Flegenheimer, was shot in the men’s room of the
Palace Chop House and Tavern in Newark, New Jersey. He lingered for
nearly a day before dying after being the target of a mob hit.
Schultz wanted to have Thomas E. Dewey murdered because the special
prosecutor had set his sights on the numbers racket operated by
Schultz. A syndicate of New York’s top mobsters decided to murder
Schultz because it feared the wrath of the authorities and decided
against the assassination. Schultz gang members Abe Landau and Otto
"Aba Daba" Berman and bodyguard Bernard "Lulu" Rosencrantz were
shot.
(HNQ,
9/27/02)(http://www.mobmagazine.com/ManageArticle.asp?C=20&A=115)
1935 Oct 30, The US Army Air
Corps held a competition to see which company would build the
country’s next-generation of long-range bombers. Boeing’s “flying
fortress” crashed shortly after takeoff and Martin and Douglas won
by default.
(Econ, 1/16/10, p.84)
1935 Nov 3, Jeremy Brett, actor
(Adventures of Sherlock Holmes), was born in Berkswell, England.
(MC, 11/3/01)
1935 Nov 3, Left-wing groups in
France formed the Socialist and Republican Union.
(HN, 11/3/98)
1935 Nov 5, Maryland Court of
Appeals ordered the Univ. of Maryland to admit (black) Donald
Murray.
(MC, 11/5/01)
1935 Nov 8, Alain Delon, French
actor (Honor Among Thieves, Return of Zorro), was born.
(MC, 11/8/01)
1935 Nov 9, United Mine Workers
president John L. Lewis and other labor leaders formed the Committee
for Industrial Organization. The Committee for Industrial
Organization (CIO, later renamed Congress of Industrial
Organizations) was formed to expand industrial unionism.
(AP, 11/9/97)(HN, 11/9/98)
1935 Nov 9, Japanese troops
invaded Shanghai, China.
(HN, 11/9/98)
1935 Nov 13, Anti-British riots
took place in Egypt.
(MC, 11/13/01)
1935 Nov 14, Nazis stripped
German Jews of their citizenship. [see Sep 15]
(MC, 11/14/01)
1935 Nov 14, King Hussein ibn
Talal I of Jordan was born in Amman to Prince Talal bin Abdullah and
princess Zein al-Sharaf bint Jamil of the Hashemite dynasty.
(SFEC, 11/15/98, p.A19)(SFEC, 2/7/99, p.A22)(AP,
11/14/07)
1935 Nov 14, Manuel Luis Quezon
was sworn in as the first Filipino president, as the Commonwealth of
Philippines was inaugurated. Pres. Roosevelt proclaimed the
Philippine Islands a free commonwealth.
(HN, 11/14/98)(AP, 11/14/97)
1935 Nov 16, Richard Rodgers'
and Lorenz Hart's musical "Jumbo," premiered NYC.
(MC, 11/16/01)
1935 Nov 20, Borden and Coca
Cola were removed from the DJIA. Du Pont and National Steel were
added.
(WSJ, 4/8/04, p.C4)
1935 Nov 22, Pan Am inaugurated
the first transpacific airmail service, San Francisco to Manila. The
Pan Am China Clipper under Captain Ed Musick took off from Alameda
Point bound for the Philippines with 111,000 letters. It was the
company's first trans-Pacific flight. The plane was a 25-ton Martin
M-130 flying boat with a wingspan of 130 feet, and was the largest
aircraft in world service.
(HN, 11/22/98)(Ind, 5/1/99, p.5A)(SFEM, 2/13/00,
p.35)(NPub, 2002, p.13)
1935 Nov 28, The German Reich
declared all men ages 18 to 45 as army reservists.
(HN, 11/28/98)
1935 Nov 29, The Pan Am China
Clipper under Captain Ed Musick landed in manila Bay in the
Philippines after stops in Hawaii, Midway Island, Wake Island and
Guam. It was the company's first trans-Pacific flight.
(HFA, ‘96, p.18)(HN, 11/22/98)(Ind, 5/1/99,
p.5A)(SFEM, 2/13/00, p.35)
1935 Nov 30, Non-belief in
Nazism was proclaimed grounds for divorce in Germany.
(HN, 11/30/98)
1935 Dec 1, Woody Allen [Allen
Stewart Konigsberg], American actor, director best known for "Annie
Hall" and "Manhattan," was born.
(HN, 12/1/98)
1935 Dec 1, Lou Rawls, vocalist
(Dean Martin's Golddiggers, Natural Man), was born in Chicago, Ill.
(MC, 12/1/01)
1935 Dec 1, The fist airway
traffic control center went into operation.
(NPub, 2002, p.13)
1935 Dec 4, Some 1,200 at St
Joseph's College, Philadelphia, enrolled in an anticommunism class.
(MC, 12/4/01)
1935 Dec 5, Calvin Trillin,
journalist and writer, was born.
(HN, 12/5/00)
1935 Dec 6, The San Francisco
Chronicle reported that rats now exceeded city’s population of
people by a factor of 3 to 1.
(SSFC, 12/5/10, DB p.50)
1935 Dec 13, Karim Aga Khan,
prince, billionaire, and husband of Rita Hayworth, was born.
(MC, 12/13/01)
1935 Dec 21, Phil Donahue, talk
show host, was born in Cleveland, Ohio.
(MC, 12/21/01)
1935 Dec 25, Albert Joost (57),
SF Bay lighthouse keeper, died of injuries from a fire at the
Southampton lighthouse between Angel Island and Richmond harbor.
(www.rudyalicelighthouse.net/CalLts/Smptn/Smptn.htm)(SSFC, 12/26/10,
DB p.46)
1935 Dec 30, Sandy Koufax, Hall
of Fame left-handed pitcher with the L.A. Dodgers, was born.
(HN, 12/30/98)
1935 Dec 30, Italian bombers
destroyed a Swedish Red Cross unit in Ethiopia.
(MC, 12/30/01)
1935 Dec, The fist Douglas DC-3
airplane was introduced. By 1938 it carried the bulk of American air
traffic. It was the first practical passenger plane and stemmed from
the DC-1, whose design was led by Arthur E. Raymond (d.1999 at 99).
Raymond helped found the Rand Corp. in 1948.
(SFC, 3/27/99, p.C2)(NPub, 2002, p.13)
1935 Sargent Johnson
(1888-1967), African-American artist in SF, made his sculpture
"Negro Woman."
(SFEC, 4/12/98, DB p.43)
1935 Salvadore Dali painted his
"Portrait of Gala," (L'Angelus de Gala).
(WSJ, 3/27/00, p.A46)
1935 Rene Magritte painted "Le
Palais de Rideaux" (The Palace of Curtains).
(SFEM, 4/23/00, p.17)
1935 Matisse painted "The
Dream." He also painted "Large Reclining Nude" in this year.
(WSJ, 10/22/98, p.A20)(WSJ, 7/9/01, p.A26)
1935 Piet Mondrian made his
abstract "Composition No. 3. White-Yellow." It was first painted in
Paris and then repainted in New York City in 1942.
(SFC, 6/5/98, p.A17)
1935 Picasso made his etching
"Minotauromachie." Picasso met Dora Maar and began a 7 year affair
with the fashion and portrait photographer.
(WSJ, 9/13/96, p.A8)(SFC, 5/1/99, p.E1)
1935 A.G. Rizzoli created his
work "Mrs. Geo. Powleson Symbolically Portrayed."
(SFEC, 4/12/98, DB p.43)
1935 Stanley Spencer, English
artist, painted a portrait of his 2nd wife "Nude (Patricia Preece)."
(SFC, 10/14/97, p.B5)(SFC, 6/5/98, p.C1)
1935 Katharine Kuh (1904-1994)
opened Chicago’s 1st avant garde art gallery. She closed it in 1943
and joined the Art Institute of Chicago, eventually rising to become
its 1st female curator. In 2006 Avis Burman edited Kuh’s memoir
titled: “My Love Affair with Modern Art: Behind the Scenes with a
Legendary Curator.
(Econ, 1/21/06, p.81)
1935 Maxwell Anderson wrote his
play "Winterset."
(SFEC, 5/30/99, DB p.37)
1935 Clifford Odets wrote his
play "Awake and Sing" and "Waiting for Lefty."
(SFEC, 5/30/99, DB p.37)
1935 Robert Sherwood wrote his
play "The Petrified Forest."
(SFEC, 5/30/99, DB p.37)
1935 William Burkett (d.1999 at
86) wrote "The History of the United States of America 1776-1904" at
age 22. The book provided text for a bronze plaque at Mount
Rushmore. He later served under Gov. Knight of California and Pres.
Eisenhower.
(SFC, 11/18/99, p.C7)
1935 Samuel Fuller (d.1997 at
86) wrote his novel "Burn Baby Burn."
(SFC,11/1/97, p.A17)
1935 Ernest Hemingway wrote
"Green Hills of Africa."
(SFEC, 6/25/00, p.T4)
1935 Robert E. Howard, pulp
fiction writer, created his Conan the Barbarian, the Sonora Kid,
Solomon Kane and other characters. His romance with Novalyne Price
Ellis formed the basis for the 1996 film "The Whole Wide World." It
was based on her memoir "One Who Walked Alone."
(SFC, 12/27/96, p.C3)(WSJ, 1/3/97, p.A7)
1935 Zora Neale Hurston
published her folk tale collection: "Mules and Men." In 2001 the
collection was reprinted as "Every Tongue Got to Confess: negro Folk
Tales From the Gulf States."
(SSFC, 12/23/01, p.M1)
1935 Anne Morrow Lindbergh
authored the travel book "North to the Orient."
(WSJ, 11/29/99, p.A26)
1935 Ella Maillart (d.1997 at
94), Swiss sportswoman, wrote "Among Russian Youth: from Moscow to
the Caucasus." In 1947 she took a trip to Afghanistan with a sick,
morphine-addicted friend and wrote "The Cruel Way, Two Women and a
Ford in Afghanistan."
(SFC, 3/29/97, p.A20)
1935 John O’Hara authored his
novel “Butterfield 8.” In 1960 it was made into a film.
(SFEC, 3/23/97, DB p.39)(WSJ, 3/15/08, p.W10)
1935 Major General Smedley D.
Butler authored “War Is a Racket”
(www.amazon.com/War-Racket-Antiwar-Americas-Decorated/dp/0922915865)
1935 John Steinbeck wrote his
novel "Tortilla Flat."
(SFEC, 6/21/98, DB p.35)
1935 An edition of Mark Twain’s
notebooks was published. "If you tell the truth, you don’t have to
remember anything."
(WSJ, 1/26/96, A-11)
1935 Thomas Wolfe wrote his 2nd
novel "Of Time and the River."
(SFEC, 11/17/96, DB p.40)
1935 Bob Hope hosted his first
NBC radio broadcast for Bromo Seltzer.
(SFC, 10/24/96, p.D5)
1935 Marguerite Veiller wrote
her murder mystery play "The Two Mrs. Carrolls," under the pen name
Martin Vale.
(WSJ, 8/29/97, p.A9)
1935 Hollywood produced the
first of 66 movies on Hopalong Cassidy with William Boyd.
(SFC, 1/21/98, Z1 p.3)
1935 Dubose Heyward wrote the
hit song "Summertime."
(WSJ, 2/2/00, p.W8)
1935 Frances Langford
(1913-2005), singer and entertainer, made a hit with the song “I’m
in the Mood for Love” by Dorothy Fields and Jimmy McHugh.
(SFC, 7/12/05, p.B5)
1935 Sir Michael Tippett,
British composer, composed his initial work "First String Quartet."
(SFC, 1/10/98, p.A19)
1935 Frank Sinatra appeared on
the Major Bowes Amateur Hour. This marked the first know recording
of Sinatra’s voice.
(WSJ, 12/14/95, p.A-12)
1935 The new Los Angeles Times
building was completed. In 1910 a union-member bombing killed 21
nonunion pressman and linotype operators at the LA Times.
(WSJ, 9/16/08,
p.A23)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times_bombing)
1935 The Griffith Observatory
opened in Los Angeles. It was donated to the city by Col. Griffith
J. Griffith and designed by architects John C. Austin and F.M.
Ashley. In 1976 it was designated a city historic-cultural monument.
In 2002 it closed and re-opened in 2006 after a $93 million
makeover.
(SSFC, 12/14/08, p.B6)
1935 The SF Museum of Art
opened on the 4th floor of the new Veterans Building. The 1st
exhibition included gothic tapestries as well as contemporary art.
(SFC, 10/21/04, p.A15)
1935 Pierre Monteux began
conducting the SF Symphony Orchestra.
(SFC, 10/5/01, WB p.6)
1935 The SF Opera performed its
first Ring Cycle with Lauritz Melchior and Kirsten Flagstad in her
company debut.
(SFEC, 8/17/97, DB p.35)
1935 Joe DiMaggio hit .398 for
the SF Seals and 34 homers in his last year in the minors.
(SFC, 3/9/99, p.A10)
1935 In San Francisco Paul C.
Smith (27) was named executive editor of The Chronicle newspaper.
(SFC, 8/7/99, p.A8)
1935 Lawrence Hart (1901-1996)
established a seminar that produced the "Activist Group" of poets.
He lived on the "Monkey Block" where the Transamerica Pyramid now
stands. A manifesto by the group was published by the Berkeley
magazine Circle in 1947 titled: Ideas of Order in Experimental
Poetry.
(SFC, 6/6/96, p.C6)
1935 John Joseph Mitty
succeeded Archbishop Hanna as Archbishop of SF and served until
1961. Mitty was the city's 4th Catholic archbishop.
(SSFC, 7/27/03, p.A22)
1935 John Graffeo opened his
Graffeo Coffee House in North Beach. When he died in the early 1950s
the business was taken over by Luciano Repetto and his family, and
called the Graffeo Coffee Roasting Co.
(SFC,12/31/97, Z1 p.6)
1935 Giuseppe Luigi Mezetta and
his son Daniel Joseph Mezetta (1916-2005) founded G.L. Mezetta,
importer of Italian specialty foods that included glass-packed
peppers and olives. The firm was originally based at the SF Produce
Market.
(SFC, 3/26/05, p.B4)
1935 Joe DiMaggio hit .398 for
the Seals and 34 homers in his last year in the minors.
(SFC, 3/9/99, p.A10)
1935 SF State Normal School
changed its name to SF State College and introduced a liberal arts
curriculum.
(SFEC, 3/21/99, Z1 p.4)
1935 The WPA began construction
on major exhibits at the SF Zoo. These included Monkey Island, Lion
House, the Aviary and Elephant House.
(SFC, 7/30/04, p.E15)
1935 Peter Petri (1916-2007),
Italian immigrant, hired in as an elevator operator for the St.
Francis Hotel for $2.80 per day.
(SFC, 1/17/07, p.B7)
1935 The Symon Brothers company
completed the wrecking of 165 buildings in San Francisco to make way
for the construction of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.
(SSFC, 9/26/10, DB p.50)
1935 California began taxing
personal income and imposed a use tax on certain purchases from out
of state companies.
(SFC, 12/27/99, p.A10)(SFC, 6/21/11, p.D5)
1935 In Pasadena, Ca., R.
Stanton Avery (d.1997 at 90) began selling self-stick labels made
from a machine he invented using a washing machine motor, sewing
machine parts and a saw. By 1996 the Avery Dennison Corp. annual
sales reached $3.2 billion.
(SFC,12/15/97, p.A20)
1935 Nicholas Doukas (d.1974 at
85) opened the Greek Orthodox Memorial Park cemetery, the only one
in the US, at the site of a heather farm in Colma, Ca.
(CHA, 1/2001)(www.colmahistory.org/History.htm)
1934 In Hollywood, Ca., Ina Ray
Hutton formed her first all-female jazz orchestra, Ina Ray Hutton
and Her Melodears.
(SFC, 6/25/11, p.E2)
1935 Construction of the Blue
Ridge Parkway along the southern Appalachians was begun. It was
officially completed in 1987.
(Hem., 4/97, p.68)
1935 Thomas More (1478-1535)
was canonized as a saint.
(WSJ, 10/22/98, p.A20)
1935 W.H. Auden married Thomas
Mann’s daughter Erika to get her out of Berlin on a British
passport.
(WSJ, 2/12/96, p.A-13)
1935 Angus Bowmer, a theater
professor at Stanford and Oregon Normal School, founded the
Shakespeare Festival at Ashland, Oregon.
(SSFC, 3/18/01, p.T8)
1935 Little Lulu made her debut
as a character in a Saturday Evening Post panel drawn by Marjorie
"Marge" Henderson Buell.
(SFC, 2/4/98, Z1 p.6)
1935 The New Yorker hired Emily
Hahn (1905-1997) as its China correspondent.
(SFC, 2/19/96, p.A20)
1935 The Pittsburgh Crawfords
were considered to have been the greatest Negro League baseball team
of all time.
(SFEC, 4/12/98, p.T4)
1935 The Soap Box Derby was
moved from Dayton, Ohio to Akron when the publisher of the Akron
Beacon-Journal promised the Derby’s first sponsor, Chevrolet, to
build a permanent race track. The track is currently 953.9 feet
long.
(Smith., 5/95, p.26)
1935 Roller Derby began as a
team skating sport played on a banked oval track.
(SFEC, 5/11/97, p.C10)
1935 Joe Louis won a
heavyweight boxing match over Primo Carnera.
(SFEC, 6/8/97, BR p.8)
1935 Jay Berwanger of the Univ.
of Chicago won the first Downtown Athletic Club trophy. The trophy
was renamed the Heisman trophy in 1937 following the death of former
coach and club director John Heisman.
(SFEC, 6/13/99, p.C18)
1935 The name "Triple Crown
Winner" was coined by writer Charlie Hatton after the 3-year-old
Omaha won the Kentucky Derby, the NY Belmont Stakes and the Maryland
Preakness.
(SFC, 5/20/00, p.E3)
1935 The Resettlement
Administration (RA) was established by executive order under
provisions of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act. In the midst
of the Great Depression, the RA was authorized to administer
projects for resettlement of destitute or low-income families from
urban and rural areas. The experimental suburban communities for
low-income city workers, created by the Resettlement Administration
during the Great Depression, were known as "Greenbelt" towns. The
"Greenbelt" communities were specifically for low-income urban
workers. Among the towns were Greenbelt, Md., near Washington, D.C.,
Greenhills near Cincinnati and Greendale near Milwaukee.
(HNQ, 6/1/00)(HNQ, 2/24/02)
1935 Franklin D. Roosevelt
signed the National Labor Relations Act.
(SFC, 3/12/97, p.A19)
1935 Pres. Roosevelt declared
Fort Jefferson on the Dry Tortugas a National Monument.
(NH, 4/97, p.38)
1935 The Public Utility Holding
Company Act reigned in electric utility monopolies.
(WSJ, 9/13/99, p.R4)
1935 The Rural Electrification
Administration was set up to bring power and telephone service to
communities across the country.
(SFC, 2/3/00, p.A1)
1935 The US Historic Sites Act
was passed on behalf of endangered antiquities.
(Arch, 11/04, p.4)
1935 The US Public health
Service received a study of asbestos health hazards prepared by the
Metropolitan Live Insurance Co. The government began using asbestos
extensively on navy ships during WW II. Workers began to file suits
in the 1970s. In 2003 some 300,000 asbestos suits were pending.
(WSJ, 11/11/03, p.A4)
1935 Kentucky Gov. Ruby
Laffoon, enjoyed the fried chicken of Harland Sanders so much that
she named Sanders a Kentucky Colonel.
(Econ, 8/27/05, p.62)
1935 The United Auto Workers of
America union was organized.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)
1935 The Detroit Electric
Company, the last manufacturer of electric cars, ceased production
of its electric vehicles.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)
1935 The Auburn Speedster was
the first American car equipped with a standard radio.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)
1935 The Hammond organ was
introduced and became a low-cost alternative to the pipe organ. The
last Hammond B-3 was made in 1975.
(WSJ, 1/7/02, p.A16)
1935 The Morgan Stanley
investment bank was spun off from the J.P. Morgan empire.
(SFC, 2/6/97, p.A1)
1935 Tyson Foods was founded.
By 2002 the company was the world’s largest processor and marketer
of beef, chicken and pork.
(WSJ, 6/24/02, p.A2)
1935 Samuel O. Blanc invented
the original Roto-Rooter machine.
(WSJ, 8/23/95, p.A-1)
1935 The first electric
typewriter came into use.
(SJSVB, 3/25/96, p.27)
1935 Francis and his father Max
Factor Sr. invented pancake makeup to keep actor’s faces from
appearing green in Technicolor films. Max Factor Sr. had been the
czar’s personal cosmetician and died in 1938. Francis then assumed
his father’s name, Max.
(SFC, 6/9/96, p.B-6)
1935 Scientists at Cornell
Univ. reported that restricting calories had an antiaging effect in
rodents.
(WSJ, 10/30/06, p.A11)
1935 The vollum strain of
anthrax was 1st isolated from a cow in Oxfordshire, U.K. this was
the strain later used on Gruinard Island tests. Hundreds of Bacillus
anthracis strains exist. Other common strains named were Ames,
Sterne and Michigan.
(WSJ, 10/18/01, p.A8)
1935 Gerald Ford (1908-2006),
41st vice-president and 38th president of the United States,
graduated from the Univ. of Michigan, where he had been a star
football player.
(SFC, 12/27/06, p.A11)
1935 Alice Stuart (d.2001 at
88), a black graduate student, sought admission to the Univ. of
Virginia but was rejected. Virginia then established a tuition
supplement program to fund black students for graduate schools
outside the state, which Stuart accepted. The program was declared
unconstitutional in 1950.
(SFC, 6/15/01, p.D5)
1935 Benton MacKaye, founder of
the Appalachian Trail project, formed the non-profit Wilderness
Society.
(ON, 5/06, p.10)
1935
Seismologists Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter introduced
the Richter scale. It became widely used as a quantitative measure
of the magnitude of an earthquake.
(http://welcome.topuertorico.org/glossary/index.shtml#936)
1935 There were 199 prisoners
executed in the US this year.
(SFC,12/15/97, p.A2)
1935 In Minnesota reporter
Howard Guilford was shotgunned to death. The state had indicted him
19 times under false charges of which he was acquitted.
(SFEC, 8/16/98, BR p.10)
1935 Oliver Herford (b.1863),
American author, died. "A man is known by the silence he keeps."
(AP, 12/4/00)
1935 Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld,
German sexologist, died.
(SFC, 8/2/97, p.E1)
1935 Gaston Lachaise (b.1882),
Franco-American sculptor, died. He was a modernist and obsessed with
his wife, who inspired much of his work.
(SFC, 2/2/02, p.D1)
1935 Paul Signac (b.1863),
French neo-impressionist pointillist painter, died. His work
included "Portrait of Felix Feneon, Opus 217" (1890-1891).
(WSJ, 11/6/01, p.A24)
1935 In Argentina new laws
pushed the private sector out of the upstream development of natural
resources.
(WSJ, 10/4/96, p.A9)
1935 In Australia cane toads
(Bufo marinus) from Hawaii were introduced to wipe out beetles that
were devastating Queensland's sugar cane industry. The beetles
survived and the toads became a pest and a threat to the native
quolls, small spotted marsupials. On March 28, 2009, a festive mass
killing of the creatures began as “Toad Day Out.” The corpses were
turned into fertilizer for the very farmers who've battled the pests
for years. In 2010 scientists reported that cat food attracts
carnivorous meat ants, which swarm over and munch on baby toads
killing 70 percent of them.
(Econ, 7/12/03, p.38)(SFC, 6/10/06, p.B8)(AP,
3/26/09)(AFP, 2/18/10)
1935 A 2nd cyclone again killed
some 140 oyster crewmen in Broome, Australia. [see 1887]
(NG, 11/04, p.98)
1935 Stefan Zweig (1881-1942)
wrote the libretto for the opera Die Schweigsame Frau (The Silent
Woman) with music by Richard Strauss. It was banned by the Nazis and
Zweig was driven into exile.
(Econ, 5/23/09, p.91)
1935 Austrian physicist Erwin
Schrodinger imagined putting a cat into a sealed box along with a
flask of Prussic acid, a radioactive atom, a Geiger counter, an
electric relay and a hammer. If the atom decayed, the Geiger counter
would detect the radiation and send a signal to trip a relay, which
would release the hammer, which would smash the flask and poison the
cat. The famous unperformed experiment became known as Schrodinger’s
cat.
(Econ, 10/3/09,
p.100)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat)
1935 In Britain Henry Grunfeld
(d.1999), a German Jewish refugee, teamed with fellow refugee
Siegmund Warburg (d.1982) to establish the New Trading Co., an
investment banking house that became known as S.G. Warburg in 1946.
Swiss Bank acquired the firm in 1995.
(SFC, 6/16/99, p.B4)
1935 Melita Norwood (23) a
clerk at the British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association was
recommended to the NKVD by Andrew Rothstein, one of the founders of
the British Communist Party. Norwood served as a Russian spy,
"Hola," until she retired in 1972 and her role was not made public
until KGB files, brought to London in 1992 by Vasili Mitrokhin, were
made public in 1999 in "The Mitrokhin Archive."
(SFEC, 9/12/99, p.A16)(SFC, 12/21/99, p.C8)
1935 John Buchan (1875-1940),
Scottish novelist and Unionist politician, became Governor General
of Canada and was created Baron Tweedsmuir. Canadian PM William Lyon
Mackenzie King had wanted him to go to Canada as a commoner, but
King George V insisted on being represented by a peer.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Buchan)
1935 Canada’s wheat growers set
up a state-run, but voluntary body, to market their crops
collectively and get better prices. In 1943 the Canadian Wheat Board
(CWB) became compulsory.
(Econ, 7/30/05, p.59)
1935 France passed a set of
laws known as Appellation d’Origine Controlee (controlled place of
origin). The AOC laws were meant to protect growers and properly
identify a wine’s origin. They were not intended as an indicator of
quality.
(SFC, 1/8/97, zz-1 p.4)
1935 Hitler repudiated the
Treaty of Versailles.
(TMC, 1994, p.1935)
1935 In Germany Paragraph 175
of the Criminal Code punished "lewd and lascivious" behavior between
men. As many as 100,000 were arrested under the law.
(SFEC, 6/29/97, p.A18)
1935 In Germany the 6 man
singing group "Comedian Harmonists" was banned from performing
because three of the members were Jewish. The group split in 2 and
an émigré faction went on to the US and performed
until disbanding in 1941. The German-based Meistersextett also broke
up in 1941.
(WSJ, 2/5/98, p.A20)
1935 The W. Goebel porcelain
factory in Rodental, Germany, began producing Hummel figurines.
(SFC, 10/12/05, p.G3)
1935 In India the Doon School
was founded in Dehra Dun, 140 miles northeast of New Delhi, on the
former site of Imperial Forest College & Research Institute.
(WSJ, 6/3/06, p.A1)
1935 Delhi, India, recorded
minus 0.6 degrees Celsius.
(AP, 1/8/06)
1935 In Iraq Mohammed Mahdi
al-Jawahri, classical Arab poet, published "Al Jawahri’s Divan."
(SFC, 8/2/97, p.A21)
1935 The League of Nations
studied the khat plant, chewed and brewed as a legal stimulant in
many parts of the world. It was found to contain cathinone, a
natural amphetamine, that produces alertness and a kind of euphoria
along with side effects that cause users to become unstable.
(SFC, 9/11/98, p.A19)
1935 Mussolini presented a
gift of 3,000,000 gold francs to Albania; other economic aid
followed.
(www, Albania, 1998)
1935 Mussolini exiled Carlo
Levi (1902-1975), Italian journalist, artist and doctor. As a Jew
and for his antifascist activities he was exiled until 1936 to two
isolated villages in the province of Lucania.
(www.kirjasto.sci.fi/clevi.htm)
1935 Bruno Ducati (d.2001) and
his brothers Adriano and Marcello began producing condensers and
radio equipment in Italy. They switched to motorcycle production
after WW II.
(SFC, 5/17/01, p.A25)
1935 In Japan the Tsukji fish
market opened in Tokyo. It grew to become the largest fish market in
the world. In 2004 Ted Bestor authored “Tsukji: The Fish market at
the Center of the World.”
(Econ, 4/5/08, p.70)
1935 Latvia erected its Freedom
Monument, a 42-metre (138 ft) high structure in Riga, as a
symbol of resistance to foreign rule.
(Reuters, 2/19/08)
1935 Casino gambling was
outlawed in Mexico.
(SFC, 6/8/96, p.A7)
1935 In Taiwan a 7.4 earthquake
hit and killed 3,276 people.
(SFC, 9/21/99, p.A13)
1935 In the USSR Stalin began
to wipe out of many of his former friends.
(TMC, 1994, p.1935)
1935 Hotel Moskva, designed by
architect Alexei Shchusev, opened just off Red Square. It was later
featured on the Stolichnaya Vodka label.
(AP, 7/22/03)
1935 In the Soviet Union the
Stakhanovite campaign began in 1935 using the example of coal miner
Aleksey Grigoriyevich Stakhanov who, by allegedly mining 102 tons of
coal in one shift, exceeded and established new production norms.
Someone known as a Stakhanovite was a member of the Soviet workers’
elite by virtue of exceeding production norms and was rewarded with
special privileges. Used in a great propaganda campaign from 1935 to
the start of World War II, the higher production norms placed great
pressure on other workers and often resulted in quality of goods
sacrificed for quantity.
(HNQ, 10/3/98)
1935 In Istanbul, Turkey, the
Hagia Sophia Byzantine cathedral was turned into a museum. Also
called the Church of Holy Wisdom, it was built in 537 and remained a
symbol of Byzantine grandeur until Istanbul was conquered by Muslim
armies.
(AP, 7/24/09)
1935-1943 Georgi Dimitrov, a Bulgarian communist
selected by Stalin, led the Comintern.
(WSJ, 6/6/03, p.W9)
1935-1936 The Italian army used chemical warfare
against Ethiopia in violation of the 1925 Geneva Protocol.
(NH, 10/98, p.18)
1935-1938 An unknown murderer carved up at least 7
men and 5 women in Cleveland and left hunks of their bodies
scattered around town or dumped in the Cuyahoga River.
(SFC, 6/2/96, T10)
1935-1942 The American Guide Series was published
as panoramic guide of the nation under the Federal Writer’s Project.
In 1972 Jerre Mangione published "The Dream and the Deal: The
Federal Writers’ Project, 1935-1943."
(MT, Sum. ‘98, p.6)(SFC, 9/1/98, p.A20)
1935-1942 Eliot Ness, former FBI agent, served as
the safety director of Cleveland, Ohio.
(SFC, 9/11/97, p.A3)
1935-1944 In 2000 the memoir of Mihail Sebastian,
a Jewish Romanian playwright, was published: "Journal, 1935-1944:
The Fascist Years." Sebastian died soon after the war in a traffic
accident.
(SSFC, 12/17/00, Par p.19)
1935-1945 Arthur Fellig, a photographer known as
Weegee, roamed New York City and shot the underbelly of the city. A
1997 book: "Weegee’s World" shows his work.
(WSJ, 12/4/97, p.A20)
1935-1945 There were 12,731 B-17 bomber airplanes
built. Nicknamed the "Flying Fortress," over 4,000 never returned
from combat.
(WSJ, 9/9/98, p.A20)
1935-1948 W.L. Mackenzie King, Liberal, again
served as the 10th Prime Minister of Canada.
(CFA, ‘96, p.81)
1935-1970 Denmark gave sex offenders a choice
between prison or surgical castration. The practice was banned due
to criticism that it was inhumane and irreversible.
(SFC, 8/31/96, p.A12)
1935-1976 In Sweden an involuntary sterilization
program was conducted over this period during which some 63,000
people were deemed genetically inferior and involuntarily
sterilized. In 1999 a commission recommended that victims, 90%
women, be paid $21,000 each. Checks for over $22,000 were soon
mailed out to some 200 victims.
(SFC, 8/26/97, p.C3)(SFC, 1/27/99, p.C10)(SFEC,
11/14/99, p.A26)
Go to 1936