Timeline 1912-1913
Return to home
1912 Jan 1, Kim
Philby was born. He became a ringleader of a group of upper crust
English-men who entered public service or, in many cases, the British
Secret Service, then spied for the Soviets. Philby got away and spent
his last years in Moscow.
(MC, 1/1/02)
1912 Jan 1, A Massachusetts law
reducing the work-week from fifty-six to fifty-four hours for women and
children, went into effect. Workers struck spontaneously on Jan 12 when
the mill owners reduced wages to coincide with the reduced work-week.
(www.fortunecity.com/tinpan/parton/2/johngold.html)
1912 Jan 3, Plans were announced
for a new $150,000 Brooklyn stadium for the Trolley Dodgers baseball
team.
(HN, 1/3/99)
1912 Jan 6, New Mexico became the
47th state of the US.
(HFA, ‘96, p.22)(AP, 1/6/98)
1912 Jan 7, Charles Addams,
cartoonist whose macabre Addams Family appeared in The New Yorker, was
born.
(HN, 1/7/99)
1912 Jan 9, Colonel Theodore
Roosevelt announced that he would run for president if asked.
(HN, 1/9/01)
1912 Jan 9, The $18 million
Equitable Life Assurance building in New York was destroyed by fire.
(HN, 1/9/98)
1912 Jan 10, The World's first
flying-boat airplane, designed by Glenn Curtiss, made its maiden flight
at Hammondsport. Curtis was the 1st licensed pilot and Orville Wright
was the 2nd.
(HN, 1/10/99)(SFC, 8/5/00, p.B4)
1912 Jan 11, Norwegian explorer
Roald Amundsen beat Scott to the South Pole by five days. [see Dec
11,14,15]
(HNQ, 7/22/98)
1912 Jan 12, In Lawrence, Mass.,
over 20,000 textile factory workers went on strike to protest wage cuts.
(www.socialistworld.net/eng/2002/07/12history.html)
1912 Jan 13, A temp. of 40F
(-40C), Oakland, Maryland, set a state record.
(MC, 1/13/02)
1912 Jan 16, British explorer
Robert Falcon Scott wrote in his diary after reaching the South Pole on
January 16, 1912, "Great God this is an awful place and terrible enough
for us to have labored to it without the reward of priority." Robert
Scott, attempting to lead the first exploration party to the South
Pole, wrote the passage after finding the black flag of Norwegian
explorer Roald Amundsen. Thoroughly demoralized, the five members of
the Scott party died during their 800-mile trek back to their base
camp. [see Jan 18]
(HNQ, 7/22/98)
1912 Jan 18, The expedition of
British Royal Navy Captain Robert Falcon Scott intended to be the first
to reach the South Pole, but when they arrived they found a letter from
Norwegian ex-plorer Roald Amundsen, who had been there over a month
earlier. Scott and his group had set out from a camp in Antarctica 81
days earlier, and on their way back, their supplies ran out. Scott
wrote in a diary during the trek, which a search party discovered with
the team's frozen bodies in November. Part of Scott's March 29 entry
reads, "We shall stick it out to the end, but we are getting weaker, of
course, and the end cannot be far." The team had made it to within 11
miles of the camp. Scott's diary ended with, "Last Entry: For God's
sake look after our peo-ple." [see Jan 16]
(AP, 1/18/98)(HNPD, 1/18/99)
1912 Jan 22, Second Monte-Carlo
auto race began.
(HN, 1/22/99)
1912 Jan 28, Jackson Pollock
(d.1956), "Jack the Dripper", expressionist painter (Lavender Mist),
was born in Cody, Wyoming. Leader of the abstract expressionist school
of art. He filled 2 sketchbooks between 1937-1939 and another from
1938-1941.
(AHD, 1971, p.1015)(WSJ, 11/5/97, p.A20)(MC, 1/28/02)
1912 Jan 29, "Professor" Irwin
Corey, comedian (Car Wash, Doc), was born in Brooklyn, NY.
(MC, 1/29/02)
1912 Jan 30, Barbara Tuchman, U.S.
historian best remembered for her book "The Guns of August," was born.
(HN, 1/30/99)
1912 Jan 30, The British House of
Lords opposed the House of Commons by rejecting home rule for Ireland.
(HN, 1/30/99)
1912 Jan, Alfred Wegener, German
scientist, suggested that the continents had drifted to their present
positions from the break-up of a single primeval super-continent. He
said that the break up of Pangaea came at the end of the Mesozoic era.
(DD-EVTT, p.22,189)(ON, 9/04, p.8)
1912 Feb 3, New U.S. football
rules were set: the field was shortened to 100 yds.; touchdown became
six points instead of five; four downs were allowed instead of three;
and the kickoff was moved from midfield to the 40 yd. line.
(HN, 2/3/99)
1912 Feb 4, Erich Leinsdorf,
available conductor & banana eater, was born in Vienna, Austria.
(MC, 2/4/02)
1912 Feb 6, Eva Braun, mistress
(Adolph Hitler), was born.
(MC, 2/6/02)
1912 Feb 10, Dr. Joseph Lister,
founder of sterile technique in surgical practice, died at age 85. In
1917 Sir Rickman John Godlee authored "Lord Lister."
(ON, 7/00, p.9)
1912 Feb 11, Rudolf Firkusny,
pianist (Julliard), was born in Napajedla, Czechoslovakia.
(MC, 2/11/02)
1912 Feb 11, Roy Fuller, poet and
novelist, was born.
(HN, 2/11/01)
1912 Feb 12, China became a
republic following the overthrow of the Manchu dynasty. Pu Yi (reign
name Hsuan T'ung), the last Ch'ing (Manchu) emperor of China,
abdicated. This marked the end of the Qing Dynasty. China adopted the
Gregorian calendar.
(HN, 2/12/01)(AP, 2/12/06)
1912 Feb 13, The Chinese imperial
government acknowledged the new republic.
(HN, 2/13/98)
1912 Feb 14, Arizona became the
48th state of the Union.
(HN, 2/14/98)(AP, 2/14/98)
1912 Feb 14, The 1st US submarines
with diesel engines were commissioned at Groton, Ct.
(MC, 2/14/02)
1912 Feb 15, The Fram reached
latitude 78ø 41' S, farthest south ever by ship.
(440 Int’l., 2/15/99)
1912 Feb 19, Stan Kenton,
[Newcomb], jazz musician (Music 55), was born in Wichita, Ks.
(MC, 2/19/02)
1912 Feb 24, Italy bombed Beirut
in the first act of war against the Ottoman Empire.
(HN, 2/24/98)
1912 Feb 26, Coal miners struck in
England. They settled on 03/01.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1912 Feb 27, Lawrence Durrell,
English novelist and poet, was born. His books included "The Alexandria
Quartet." In 1998 Ian MacNiven wrote the biography: "Lawrence Durrell."
(WUD, 1994, p.443)(SFEC, 7/12/98, BR p.7)(HN,
2/27/01)
1912 Mar 1, Albert Berry
completed the first in-flight parachute jump, from a Benoist plane over
Kinlock Field in St. Louis.
(HN, 3/1/98)
1912 Mar 1, Isabella Goodwin, 1st
US woman detective, was appointed in NYC.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1912 Mar 4, The French council of
war unanimously voted a mandatory three-year military service.
(HN, 3/4/98)
1912 Mar 5, The Italians became
the first to use dirigibles for military purposes, using them for
reconnaissance flights behind Turkish lines west of Tripoli.
(HN, 3/5/98)
1912 Mar 5, Spanish steamer
"Principe de Asturias" sank NE of Spain and 500 died.
(MC, 3/5/02)
1912 Mar 7, Roald Amundsen
announced the discovery of the South Pole. [see Dec 14-15, 1911]
(MC, 3/7/02)
1912 Mar 7, French aviator, Heri
Seimet flew non-stop from London to Paris in three hours.
(HN, 3/7/98)
1912 Mar 12, Juliette Gordon Low
organized the Girl Guides, which later became the Girl Scouts of
America, at the 1848 Andrew Low House in Savannah, Ga. The US Congress
char-tered the Girl Scouts in 1950.
(SFEC,11/30/97, p.T5)(USAT, 3/23/04, p.1D)(AP,
3/12/08)
1912 Mar 12, Capt. Albert Berry
performed the 1st parachute jump from an airplane.
(MC, 3/12/02)
1912 Mar 14, An anarchist named
Antonio Dalba unsuccessfully attempted to kill Italy’s King Victor
Emmanuel III in Rome.
(HN, 3/14/98)
1912 Mar 15, Yuan Shih-kai
succeeded Sun Yat-sen as President of the Republic of China.
(HN, 3/15/98)
1912 Mar 16, Thelma Catherine
Patricia Ryan Nixon, first lady (1968-75) to Richard Nixon, was born in
Ely, Nevada.
(HN, 3/16/01)(MC, 3/16/02)
1912 Mar 19, Adolf Galland, German
Luftwaffe pilot and youngest German General at the age of 33, was born.
(HN, 3/19/99)
1912 Mar 21, Peter Bull, actor,
author (Executioner, Tom Jones, Dr. Strangelove), was born.
(MC, 3/21/02)
1912 Mar 22, Karl Malden (d.2009),
later film and TV star, was born as Mladen Sekulovich in Chicago.
(AP, 7/2/09)(SFC, 7/1/09, p.A8)
1912 Mar 23, Werner von Braun,
rocket expert (I Aim at the Stars), was born in Wirsitz,
Ger-many. He led the development of the V-2 rocket during World War II.
(HN, 3/23/99)(SS, 3/23/02)
1912 Mar 23, Dixie Cup was
invented.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1912 Mar 24, The “Bread and Roses”
textile workers strike in Lawrence, Mass., ended. Mill owners, fearing
that government intervention and investigation would jeopardize the
high tariff on woolens, had finally agreed to bargain. Offers of pay
increases from five to twenty-five per-cent, time-and-a-quarter for
overtime, and no discrimination against strikers led to the end of the
strike.
(www.fortunecity.com/tinpan/parton/2/johngold.html)
1912 Mar 27, James Callaghan
(d.2005), British prime minister (1976-1979), was born in Portsmouth,
England.
(SSFC, 3/27/05, p.A21)
1912 Mar 27, The first cherry
blossom trees, a gift from Japan, were planted in Washington, D.C.
First Lady Helen Herron Taft and the Viscountess Chinda, wife of the
Japanese ambassa-dor, planted two Yoshina cherry trees on the northern
bank of the Potomac Tidal Basin, near the Jefferson Memorial. The event
was held in celebration of a gift, by the Japanese govern-ment, of
3,020 trees to the US government for planting along Washington's
Potomac River.
(HN, 3/27/98)
1912 Mar 29, The U.S. sent rifles
to the Mexican ambassador in Mexico City and readied U.S. ships to
transport troops to fight the rebels.
(HN, 3/29/98)
1912 Mar 29, Capt. Robert F.
Scott, British pole explorer, storm-bound in a tent near South Pole,
made a last entry in his diary: "the end cannot be far."
(MC, 3/29/02)
1912 Mar, The Univ. of Michigan
Board of Regents voted to accept specific color shades of maize and
azure blue as filed by Professor Warren P. Lombard.
(MT, Fall ‘96, p.11)
1912 Apr 2, Titanic underwent sea
trials under its own power.
(MC, 4/2/02)
1912 Apr 2, Sun Yet Sen formed the
Kuomintang-Party in China.
(MC, 4/2/02)
1912 Apr 3, Calbraith Perry
Rodgers (b.1879), American pioneer aviator, crashed and was killed
while flying over the ocean near Long Beach, Ca.
(ON, 10/06, p.12)
1912 Apr 4, A Chinese republic was
proclaimed in Tibet.
(MC, 4/4/02)
1912 Apr 6, Cadillac adopted an
electric self-starter. Charles Franklin Kettering (1876-1958), as
president of Delco, introduced the electric-starter on the 1912
Cadillac.
(www.todayinsci.com/4/4_06.htm)(http://local.aaca.org/bntc/mileposts/1912.htm)
1912 Apr 8, Sonja Henie (d.1969),
ice skater, actress (Olympic-gold-1928,32,36), was born in Oslo,
Norway. Henie won 10 consecutive world championships.
(MC, 4/8/02)(SSFC, 10/5/03, Par p.2)
1912 Apr 8, Steamers collided in
Nile, drowning 200.
(MC, 4/8/02)
1912 Apr 10, The 66,000 ton RMS
Titanic left port from Southampton, England, on its ill-fated maiden
voyage with 2,223 people.
(SFC, 7/5/96, PM, p.16)(SFEC, 12/8/96, BR p.6)(AP,
4/10/97)
1912 Apr 10, The first wireless
transmission was received on an airplane.
(HN, 4/10/98)
1912 Apr 12, Clara Barton
(b.1821), the founder of the American Red Cross, died at her home in
Glen Echo, Maryland at age 90.
(HNPD, 12/26/98)(MC, 4/12/02)
1912 Apr 13, Royal Flying Corps
formed (later RAF).
(MC, 4/13/02)
1912 Apr 14, The British liner
Titanic, on her maiden voyage and hailed as ‘the unsinkable
ship,’ collided with an iceberg in the North Atlantic and began
sinking.
(AP, 4/14/97)(HN, 4/14/99)
1912 Apr 15, Kim Il Sung, North
Korea's communist founder and leader (1948-1994), was born.
(AP, 7/8/97)(WSJ, 6/26/97, p.A14)(SSFC, 3/17/02,
p.A22)
1912 Apr 15, At 2:20 a.m., two
hours and 40 minutes after impact, the luxury liner RMS Ti-tanic sank
in the North Atlantic Ocean off Newfoundland with the loss of about
1,522 lives. About 1,500 [1517] people died. Because there were
lifeboats for only half those on board, only 705 passengers and crew
survived the disaster. Among the survivors was J. Bruce Ismay,
president of the White Star Line, who telegraphed his New York office,
"Deeply regret advise you Titanic sank this morning after collision
with iceberg, resulting in serious loss of life. Full particulars
later." Nearly a third of the passengers died. The ship’s band played
the waltz “Songe d’Automne” as it sank. The accident killed 1,523
[1503] people and 705 survived. By 1996 only 8 were still alive. Nearly
60% of the first-class passengers survived. There were 214 staff
members of the 685 survivors. It was later discovered that Harland
& Wolff, the ship’s builder, had used a lower quality rivet on the
ship that likely contributed to the rapid sinking. The last night on
the ship was described by Rick Archbold and Dana McCauley in their
book: “Last Dinner on the Titanic.” The steamer Carpathia rescued 705
of the 2,358 people onboard. Prof. Steven Biel of Brandeis Univ. wrote
“A Cultural History of the Titanic” in 1997.
(AP, 4/15/97)(SFC, 7/5/96, PM, p.16)(SFC, 9/22/96,
Par p.25)(WSJ, 4/9/97, p.A1)(SFC, 4/14/97, p.E8)(SFC, 4/19/97,
p.A3)(SFEC,12/797, DB p.37)(SFC, 4/15/08, p.A6)
1912 Apr 16, Harriet Quimby became
the first woman to fly solo across the English Channel.
(AP, 4/16/97)
1912 Apr 19, Glenn T. Seaborg,
first head of Atomic Energy Commission, was born. He won a Nobel Prize
in 1951 for co-discovering Plutonium.
(HN, 4/19/97)(MC, 4/19/02)
1912 Apr 20, Bram Stoker, Irish
theater manager, writer (Dracula), died.
(MC, 4/20/02)
1912 Apr 21, Marcel Camus, French
film director (Black Orpheus), was born.
(HN, 4/21/01)
1912 Apr 25, Gladys L. Presley,
mother of Elvis Presley, was born.
(HN, 4/25/98)
1912 Apr 28, Odette Hallowes,
British secret agent in France, was born. She was later cap-tured and
tortured by the Gestapo.
(HN, 4/28/99)
1912 Apr 30, Eve Arden (Eunice
Quedens), actress, was born.
(HN, 4/30/01)
1912 Apr, The Arthur Conan Doyle
novel "The Lost World" began running in serial form in The Strand
magazine.
(PacDisc. Spring/’96, p.18)
1912 May 2, Axel Springer, German
newspaper magnate, was born.
(MC, 5/2/02)
1912 May 3, May Sarton, poet and
writer, was born.
(HN, 5/3/01)
1912 May 5, The Soviet Communist
Party newspaper Pravda began publishing. Iosif Vis-sarionovich
Dzhugashvili took the name Stalin, meaning "man of steel," about the
time he helped found the Russian Communist newspaper Pravda.
Stalin specialized in writing about national minorities in Russia and
went on to become editor of Pravda.
(HN, 5/5/98)(HN, 12/21/98)(HNQ, 4/6/00)
1912 May 7, Columbia University
approved plans for awarding the Pulitzer Prize in several categories.
The award was established by Joseph Pulitzer.
(MC, 5/7/02)
1912 May 11, Phil Silvers,
comedian and actor, was born. He stared on TV's "Sergeant Bilko."
(HN, 5/11/99)
1912 May 13, Gil Evans, jazz
pianist and composer, was born.
(HN, 5/13/01)
1912 May 13, The Royal
Flying Corps was established in England. It was the predecessor of the
Royal Air Force.
(SS, Internet, 5/13/97)(HN, 5/13/99)
1912 May 14, Johan August
Strindberg (b.1849), Swedish novelist, dramatist and essayist, died. In
1985 Michael Meyer authored a Strindberg biography.
(WUD, 1994 p.1407)(SFC, 8/10/00, p.D2)(MC, 5/14/02)
1912 May 15, Ty Cobb rushed a
heckler at a NY Highlander game and was suspended.
(MC, 5/15/02)
1912 May 16, Studs Terkel American
author, was born. He wrote The 'Good War.' "Take it easy, but take it."
(AP, 5/16/98)(HN, 5/16/99)
1912 May 17, Archibald Cox was
born. He was the special prosecutor in the Watergate hear-ings who was
fired by President Richard Nixon.
(HN, 5/17/99)
1912 May 18, Richard Brooks,
director (Blackboard Jungle, In Cold Blood), was born in Phila-delphia,
PA.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1912 May 18, Georg von Opel,
German auto manufacturer, was born.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1912 May 18, Maurits Binger
established 2 Dutch movie companies.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1912 May 20, Joseph Proce, 3rd
victim of NYC's Zodiac killer, was born.
(MC, 5/20/02)
1912 May 25, Eddie Maxwell, singer
(Yes We Have No Bananas), was born.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1912 May 26, Jay Silverheels
(d.1980) was born as Harold J. Smith on the Six Nations Indian
Reservation, Brantford, Ontario, Canada. He was the son of a Mohawk
Indian chief and be-came an actor who portrayed Tonto on "The Lone
Ranger."
(www.imdb.com)
1912 May 27, John Cheever (d1982),
Pulitzer Prize winning writer was born. His work in-cluded "The Wapshot
Chronicle" and "The World of Apples."
(BS, 5/3/98, p.13E)(HN, 5/27/01)
1912 May 28, Patrick White,
Australian writer (The Tree of Man, The Eye of the Storm), was born.
(HN, 5/28/01)
1912 May 29, John Hanlo, Dutch
poet (Go to the Mosque), was born.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1912 May 29, Curtis Publishing
fired 15 young women for dancing the "Turkey Trot" during their lunch
break.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1912 May 30, U.S. Marines were
sent to Nicaragua to protect American interests.
(HN, 5/30/99)
1912 May 30, Wilbur Wright
(b.1867), aeronautical inventor, died of a typhoid infection.
(WUD, 1994, p.1647)(ON, SC, p.4)
1912 May, The first US feature
film, Oliver Twist, was released.
(SFC, 9/17/96, p.A22)
1912 May, Albanians rose against
the Ottoman authorities and seized Shkup (Skopje, Mace-donia).
(www, Albania, 1998)
1912 Jun 4, Massachusetts passed
the 1st US minimum wage law.
(MC, 6/4/02)
1912 Jun 5, US marines invaded
Cuba (3rd time).
(MC, 6/5/02)
1912 Jun 6, In Alaska Mount Katmai
volcano exploded. Crops withered across Canada and the US that summer
under skies shrouded with volcanic ash.
(Hem, 4/96, p.78)
1912 Jun 7, US army tested the 1st
machine gun mounted on a plane.
(SC, 6/7/02)
1912 Jun 7, Pope Pius X issued the
encyclical: "On the Indians of South America."
(SC, 6/7/02)
1912 Jun 17, Wessel Couzijn,
sculptor, cartoonist (Auschwitz-monument), was born.
(MC, 6/17/02)
1912 Jun 17, The German Zeppelin
SZ 111 burned in its hanger in Friedrichshafen.
(HN, 6/17/98)
1912 Jun 18, Glen Morris, Olympic
champion, actor (Tarzan), was born in MO.
(MC, 6/18/02)
1912 Jun 19, A new labor law is
passed by Congress, extending the 8-hour working day to all workers
under federal contract.
(DTnet, 6/19/97)
1912 Jun 21, Mary McCarthy,
American novelist whose works include "Memories of Catholic Girlhood"
and "The Group," was born.
(HN, 6/21/98)
1912 Jun 23, Alan M. Turing
(d.1954), English mathematician and pioneer of computer the-ory, was
born. He cracked the Enigma code in World War II that was used by the
Germans to communicate with their submarines. A play by Hugh Whitemore
titled "Breaking the Code," tells his story. It was shown as a TV film
on Masterpiece Theater in 1997.
(V.D.-H.K.p.349)(SFC, 1/31/97, p.D3)(HN, 6/23/01)
1912 Jun 24, Norman Cousins
(d.1990), editor of the Saturday Review, was born. He wrote "Anatomy of
an Illness as Perceived by the Patient." "History is an
accumulation of error."
(AP, 4/22/97)(HN, 6/24/99)
1912 Jun 26, Gustav Mahler's 9th
Symphony premiered in Vienna.
(MC, 6/26/02)
1912 Jun 27, Audrey Christie,
actress (Dorothy-Fair Exchange), was born in Chicago, Ill.
(SC, 6/27/02)
1912 Jun 28, Sergiu Celibidache,
Romanian conductor, was born.
(MC, 6/28/02)
1912 Jun 28, Karl F. von
Weisacker, German physicist, philosopher, was born.
(MC, 6/28/02)
1912 Jun 29, John Toland, US
political writer (Adolf Hitler, Rising Sun, Pulitzer 1971), was born.
(MC, 6/29/02)
1912 Jun 30, Belgian workers
struck to demand universal suffrage.
(HN, 6/30/98)
1912 Jul 1, Drama critic Harriet
Quimby (b.1875) took a passenger up in her new Blériot monoplane
from Boston to fly over Dorchester Bay at the Harvard-Boston Aviation
Meet. As she descended for landing, the plane went into a dive and,
without seat belts, she and her pas-senger were thrown out into the
shallow water of the bay, where they struck the muddy bottom and were
crushed to death. Quimby was the first American to receive a pilot's
license (1911) and was the first woman to solo across the English
Channel (1912). Her interest in flight was piqued at an aviation meet
in 1910.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Quimby)(HNPD,
7/31/98)(ON, 1/00, p.11)
1912 Jul 3, Elizabeth Taylor,
novelist and short story writer, was born.
(HN, 7/3/01)
1912 Jul 4, Detroit Tiger George
Mullen no-hits St Louis Browns, 7-0.
(Maggio, 98)
1912 Jul 4, Jack Johnson TKOd Jim
Flynn in 9 for heavyweight boxing title.
(Maggio, 98)
1912 Jul 15, British National
Health Insurance Act went into effect.
(MC, 7/15/02)
1912 Jul 16, A Naval torpedo,
launched from an airplane, was patented by B.A. Fiske.
(MC, 7/16/02)
1912 Jul 17, Art Linkletter, radio
and television personality, was born.
(HN, 7/17/98)
1912 Jul 14, Woodrow Wilson
"Woody" Guthrie, American folk singer, was born. Woody Guthrie (d.1967)
was born in Okemah, Okla.
(HN, 7/14/98)(SFC, 11/27/98, p.C11)
1912 Jul 25, The Comoros were
proclaimed to be French colonies.
(SC, 7/25/02)
1912 Jul 30, Emperor Meiji died.
Under Meiji the country had moved from a preindustrial state to a
leading modern power. His son Yoshihito followed his father to the
throne. With him the Meiji era ended officially and the Taisho era
began.
(WSJ, 8/30/00,
p.A24)(www.artelino.com/articles/emperor_meiji.asp)
1912 Jul 31, Milton Friedman
(d.2006), Nobel Prize winning economist (1976), was born. He became the
premier spokesman for the monetarist school of economics. He argued
that changes in money supply precede changes in the overall economic
conditions. He argued that all social welfare programs should be
replaced with a negative income tax. He held that there was a natural
rate of unemployment that depended on the given economic structure.
(HN, 7/31/98)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R20)
1912 Aug 4, The 1st detachment of
American forces requested by President Diaz, arrived at Managua,
Nicaragua, from Corinto. It was a handful of seamen from the USS
ANNAPOLIS.
(http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/usmcnic3.html)
1912 Aug 7, The Progressive Party
nominated Theodore Roosevelt for president. Ex-President Theodore
Roosevelt had stormed the Republican convention but failed to wrest the
nomination from William Howard Taft. He then founded his own,
short-lived, Progressive Party. The party split allowed Taft to win the
election.
(WSJ, 6/5/96, p.A12)(AP, 8/7/97)(SFEC, 3/5/00, p.D8)
1912 Aug 10, Leonard Woolf,
English man of letters, married writer Virginia Duckworth (b.1882).
Virginia Woolf committed suicide in 1941.
(WSJ, 12/17/05,
p.P13)(www.online-literature.com/virginia_woolf/)
1912 Aug 11, Moroccan Sultan Mulai
Hafid abdicated his throne in the face of internal dissent. Most of the
country became a French protectorate with Spain taking the northern
fifth.
(HN, 8/10/98)(SFEC, 7/25/99, p.T11)(AP, 5/17/03)
1912 Aug 12, Jane Wyatt, actress
(Father Knows Best, Star Trek), was born in Campgaw, NJ.
(SC, 8/12/02)
1912 Aug 13, Ben Hogan, American
golfer (US Open 1950, 51, 53), was born in Dublin, Tx.
(HN, 8/13/00)(MC, 8/13/02)
1912 Aug 13, Jan Peeters, Dutch
water colors painter, monumental artist, was born.
(MC, 8/13/02)
1912 Aug 13, Jules E.F. Massenet
(70), French opera composer (Werther, Manon), died.
(MC, 8/13/02)
1912 Aug 14, The JUSTIN, carrying
a US battalion of 354 men and its equipment, arrived at Corinto,
Nicaragua, and anchored near the Annapolis. US forces remained until
1925.
(http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/usmcnic3.html)
1912 Aug 15, Julia Child (d.2004),
American chef and television personality, was born as Julia Carolyn
McWilliams in Pasadena, Calif. Her 90th B-day party was held in SF on
Aug 1, 2002.
(SFEC, 9/28/97, BR p.5)(SFC, 10/20/99, Z1p.4)(HN,
8/15/00)(SFCM, 9/1/02, p.33)
1912 Aug 19, Percy Aldridge
Grainger's "Shepherd's Key," premiered.
(MC, 8/19/02)
1912 Aug 20, The US Plant
Quarantine Act went into effect.
(MC, 8/20/02)
1912 Aug 20, William Booth,
English minister, founder (Salvation Army), died.
(MC, 8/20/02)
1912 Aug 21, Mr. Carter-Cotton was
chosen as 1st chancellor of Univ. of British Columbia.
(SC, 8/21/02)
1912 Aug 23, Gene Kelly, dancer
and actor who starred in "An American in Paris" and "Sing-ing in the
Rain," was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as Eugene Curan. Kelly
debuted on Broadway in 1938 musical "Pal Joey" and in the film "For Me
and My Gal" four years later
(HN, 8/23/98)(MC, 8/23/02)
1912 Aug 24, US passed an anti-gag
law giving federal employees the right to petition gov-ernment.
(MC, 8/24/02)
1912 Aug 24, By an act of
Congress, Alaska was given a territorial legislature of two houses.
(HN, 8/24/98)
1912 Aug 24, NYC held a ticker
tape parade for Jim Thorpe and victorious US Olympians.
(MC, 8/24/02)
1912 Aug 25, An aircraft
recovered from a spin for the 1st time.
(chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1912 Aug 25, Different
nationalities battled with each other in Macedonia.
(chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1912 Aug 27, Edgar Rice
Burroughs’s "Tarzan of the Apes" first appeared in a magazine.
Burroughs (d. 1950 at 74) wrote "Tarzan of the Apes" for The All-Story
Magazine and received $700.
(SDUT, 6/6/97, p.E2)(SFEC, 5/9/99, Par p.8)(HN,
8/27/00)
1912 Apr 29, Henri Poincare
(d.1912), French mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, died. He
investigated the idea of space and led to the notion that space is too
complex for mathemat-ics. In 2002 Russian mathematician Grigory
Perelman solved the 1904 Poincare Conjecture. In 2007 Donal O’Shea
authored “The Poincare Conjecture.”
(V.D.-H.K.p.272)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9)
1912 Aug 31, Ramon Vinay, operatic
tenor and baritone, was born.
(MC, 8/31/01)
1912 Sep 1, Samuel
Coleridge-Taylor (b.1875), Afro-British composer, died.
(http://chevalierdesaintgeorges.homestead.com/Song.html#16)
1912 Sep 3, World's 1st cannery
opened in England to supply food to the navy.
(MC, 9/3/01)
1912 Sep 4, Alexander Liberman,
editor, painter and photographer (639), was born.
(MC, 9/4/01)
1912 Sep 5, John Cage (d.1992),
inventive composer, writer, philosopher, and artist, was born. [2nd
source says Sep 15] "The highest purpose is to have no purpose at all."
(HN, 9/5/98)(SFC, 12/27/99, p.E3)(AP, 6/20/00)
1912 Sep 7, French aviator Roland
Garros set an altitude record of 13,200 feet.
(HN, 9/7/98)
1912 Sep 9, Kurt Sanderling,
conductor (E Berlin Symph 1960-77), was born in Arys, Ger-many.
(MC, 9/9/01)
1912 Sep 10, In France J. Vedrines
became the first pilot to break 100 m.p.h. barrier.
(HN, 9/10/98)
1912 Sep 14, The United States
government notified Nicaragua that it would protect American lives and
property there and uphold the government against rebels.
(MC,
9/14/01)(http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/usmcnic3.html)
1912 Sep 21, Chuck Jones, animator
and director of Warner Brothers cartoons Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck, was
born.
(HN, 9/21/00)(MC, 9/21/01)
1912 Sep 23, Mack Sennett's first
Keystone Cops short subject "Cohen collects a Debt", a split-reel of
two comedies starring Mabel Normand and Ford Sterling, was released.
(AP, 9/23/97)(HN, 9/23/01)
1912 Sep 27, W C Handy published
"Memphis Blues," the 1st Blues Song. [see Sep 28]
(MC, 9/27/01)
1912 Sep 28, W.C. Handy’s "Memphis
Blues" was published. It was the first published blues composition.
[see Sep 27]
(HN, 9/28/98)(SFC, 12/27/99, p.E3)
1912 Sep 28, The SS Kichemaru
disappeared in a storm off the Japanese coast and 1,000 died.
(MC, 9/28/01)
1912 Sep 30, The Columbia School
of Journalism opened in NYC. Joseph Pulitzer be-queathed $2 million to
start the school.
(ON, 4/03, p.2)
1912 Oct 4, Gen. Zeledon,
Nicaraguan opponent of US occupation, was executed.
(MC, 10/4/01)
1912 Oct 8, Montenegro declared
war on Turkey beginning the 1st Balkan War. Balkan League members
followed Montenegro 10 days later. [see Oct 18]
(http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/bravo/balkan1912.htm)
1912 Oct 14, Theodore Roosevelt,
former president and the Bull Moose Party candidate, was shot at close
range by anarchist William Schrenk while greeting the public in front
of the Hotel Gilpatrick in Milwaukee while campaigning for the
presidency. He was saved by the papers in his breast pocket and still
managed to give a 90 minute address in Milwaukee after requesting his
audience to be quiet because "there is a bullet in my body." Schrenk
was captured and ut-tered the now famous words "any man looking
for a third term ought to be shot."
(WSJ, 8/5/96, p.A10)(AP, 10/14/97)(WSJ, 8/5/96,
p.A10)(HN, 10/14/98)(MC, 10/14/01)
1912 Oct 17, John Paul I, [Albino
Luciano], 263rd Roman Catholic pope (1978), was born.
(MC, 10/17/01)
1912 Oct 17, Bulgaria, Greece and
Serbia declared war on Turkey. [see Oct 18]
(MC, 10/17/01)
1912 Oct 18, The First Balkan War
broke out between the members of the Balkan League-- Serbia, Bulgaria,
Greece and Montenegro--and the Ottoman Empire. A small Balkan War broke
out and was quelled by the major powers. Albanian nationalism spurred
repeated revolts against Turkish dominion and resulted in the First
Balkan War in which the Turks were driven out of much of the Balkan
Peninsula. Austria-Hungary’s 1908 annexation of Bosnia and Herze-govina
spurred Serbian efforts to form the Balkan alliance with its
neighbors. As a result of the war on Turkey, Serbia doubled its
territory with the award of Northern Macedonia. Albanian leaders
affirmed Albania as an independent state. [see Oct 8]
(V.D.-H.K.p.290)(CO, Grolier’s/ Albania)(HN,
10/18/98)(HNQ, 3/27/99)(www, Albania, 1998)
1912 Oct 21, Georg Solti,
conductor (Fidelio), was born in Budapest, Hungary.
(MC, 10/21/01)
1912 Oct 26, By an executive order
Delaware was represented by the first star and Delaware was represented
by the top stripe of the American flag. Delaware was the first of the
13 colo-nies to ratify the Constitution, on Dec. 7, 1787. It was thus
assigned the top of the 13 stripes and the first of the then 48 stars
by an executive order signed by President William Howard Taft. Each
subsequent stripe was then assigned to the colonies in the order in
which they rati-fied the Constitution. The first 13 stars (from left to
right) also represent the order in which the colonies ratified, and are
then followed by the rest of the states in the order in which they were
admitted into the Union.
(HNQ, 1/6/00)
1912 Oct 28, Richard Doll, English
epidemiologist, was born. He established a link between tobacco smoke
and cancer.
(HN, 10/28/00)
1912 Oct, A film of "Richard III"
directed by James Keane with Frederick Warde was the 2nd feature film
produced in the US. A complete copy was discovered in 1996. It came 5
months af-ter the first feature, a version of "Oliver Twist," released
in May.
(SFC, 9/17/96, p.A22)
1912 Oct, Fighting against Turkish
dominion began throughout Macedonia.
(www.maknews.com/html/articles/stefov/stefov61.html)
1912 Nov 3, Alfredo Stroessner
(d.2006), dictator of Paraguay (1954-89), was born.
(SFC, 8/17/06, p.A10)
1912 Nov 3, The first all metal
plane was flown near Issy, France, by pilots Ponche and Pri-nard.
(HN, 11/3/98)
1912 Nov 4, Arizona and Kansas
granted women the right to vote. Wisconsin voted against suffrage for
women.
(HN,
11/5/98)(http://library.wisc.edu/etext/WIReader/WER0124-12.html)
1912 Nov 5, Democrat Woodrow
Wilson was elected the 28th president, defeating Progres-sive
Republican Theodore Roosevelt and incumbent Republican William Howard
Taft. Wilson had served as the president of Princeton Univ. In 2004
James Chace authored “1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft & Debs – The
election that Changed the Country.
(I&I, Penzias, p.216)(AP, 11/5/97)(HN,
11/5/98)(WSJ, 2/8/99, p.A21)(WSJ, 5/11/04, p.D12)
1912 Nov 5, Bulgarian troops in
Constantinople blockaded drinking water.
(MC, 11/5/01)
1912 Nov 6, Mykola Vytalyevich
Lysenko (70), composer, died.
(MC, 11/6/01)
1912 Nov 9, The football team of
Pennsylvania’s Carlisle Indian School, with running back Jim Thorpe,
defeated the Army team, with Dwight D. Eisenhower as linebacker, 27-6.
In 2007 Sally Jenkins authored “The Real Americans: The Team That
Changed a Game, a People, a Nation.”
(WSJ, 1/7/07,
p.P9)(www.footballfoundation.com/news.php?id=242)
1912 Nov 11, Joseph Wieniawski
(75), composer, died.
(MC, 11/11/01)
1912 Nov 12, Robert Scott's diary
and dead body were found in Antarctica.
(MC, 11/12/01)
1912 Nov 12, Jose Canalejas Y
Mendez (b.1854), premier of Spain, was assassinated by an-archist
Manuel Pardinas.
(www.historia-es.com/usa/c_07_b02.htm)
1912 Nov 14, Barbara Hutton,
heiress (Woolworth), was born.
(MC, 11/14/01)
1912 Nov 18, Cholera broke out in
Constantinople.
(HN, 11/18/98)
1912 Nov 24, Garson Kanin, writer
and director, was born. His work included "Born Yester-day."
(HN, 11/24/00)
1912 Nov 24, Austria denounced
Serbian gains in the Balkans; Russia and France backed Serbia while
Italy and Germany backed Austria.
(HN, 11/24/98)
1912 Nov 25, Johannes D. De Jong,
Frisian poet and photographer (Kar £t twa), was born.
(MC, 11/25/01)
1912 Nov 25, American College of
Surgeons incorporated in Springfield, Ill.
(MC, 11/25/01)
1912 Nov 26, Eric Sevareid,
American broadcast journalist, was born.
(HN, 11/26/98)
1912 Nov 26, Eugene Ionesco,
dramatist (Rhinoceros), was born in Slatina, Romania. [see Nov 13 and
Nov 26, 1909]
(WUD, 1994 p.750)(MC, 11/26/01)
1912 Nov 27, David Merrick,
[Margulois], Broadway producer (Hello Dolly), was born in Hong Kong.
(MC, 11/27/01)
1912 Nov 30, Gordon Parks, black
artist, photographer, and author of "The Learning Tree," was born in
Fort Scott, KS. He directed the film “Shaft” in 1971.
(HN, 11/30/98)(www.britannica.com)
1912 Nov, Albanian delegates at
Vlora declared the independence of Albania and established a
provisional government.
(www, Albania, 1998)
1912 Dec 1, Minoru Yamasaki,
architect (World Trade Center, NY), was born.
(MC, 12/1/01)
1912 Dec 2, Henry Armstrong, the
only boxer to hold three titles simultaneously, was born.
(HN, 12/2/98)
1912 Dec 3, Turkey, Serbia,
Montenegro, Greece & Bulgaria signed a weapons pact.
(MC, 12/3/01)
1912 Dec 4, An armistice was
signed to end the First Balkan War. Following several victories over
the Ottoman army, coalition forces occupied Macedonia and forced the
Ottoman Empire to seek an armistice.
(www.maknews.com/html/articles/stefov/stefov61.html)
1912 Dec 5, Italy, Austria, and
Germany renewed the Triple Alliance for six years.
(HN, 12/5/98)
1912 Dec 9, Thomas P. "Tip"
O’Neill, Speaker of the House of Representatives, was born.
(HN, 12/9/98)
1912 Dec 12, Henry Armstrong,
American boxer, was born.
(HN, 12/12/98)
1912 Dec 14, Louis Botha resigned
as South Africa's premier.
(AP, 12/14/02)
1912 Dec 18, In the famous
Piltdown Man Forgery amateur archaeologist Charles Dawson announced the
discovery of two skulls from the Piltdown Quarry in Sussex, England.
They ap-peared to belong to a primitive hominid and ancestor of man.
Also found was a canine tooth, a tool carved from an elephant's tusk,
and fossil teeth from a number of prehistoric animals. Daw-son enlisted
the help of vertebrate paleontologist Arthur Smith Woodward. They
christened it Eoanthropus dawsoni and on this day they announced their
find to the Geological Society of London. A 1996 book "Unraveling
Piltdown" by John Evangelist Walsh labeled Dawson as the perpetrator of
the hoax. The missing link was later determined to be only 600 years
old. The fossils had been doctored to look and test to be older. [see
1908, 1913, 1953, 1955 & 1983]
(PacDisc, Spring ‘96, p.15)(SFEC, 9/22/96, BR
p.9)(MC, 12/18/01)
1912 Dec 20, J. Hartley Manners'
"Peg O' My Heart" premiered in NYC.
(MC, 12/20/01)
1912 Dec 22, Claudia "Lady Bird"
Johnson, wife of President Lyndon Baines Johnson, was born.
(HN, 12/22/98)
1912 Dec 23, The 1st "Keystone
Kops" film, titled "Hoffmeyer's Legacy," was produced.
(MC, 12/23/01)
1912 Dec 23, The Aswan Dam in
Egypt began operation.
(MC, 12/23/01)
1912 Dec 25, Italy landed troops
in Albania to protect its interests during a revolt there.
(HN, 12/25/98)
1912 Dec 28, The SF Mayor James
Rolph piloted the city-owned Municipal Railway’s first streetcar. The
Geary Street Line, from Geary and 39th to Kearney and Market, was the
1st mu-nicipally built railway in the US to compete with the private
United Railroads. The double-ended streetcar was built by W.L. Holman
Car Co. of SF. Service began the next day.
(www.streetcar.org/mim/streetcars/fleet/antique/1/index.html)(SSFC,
4/15/07, p.B5)(SFC, 4/14/09, p.B1)
1912 Dec, Ambassadorial conference
opened in London and discussed Albania's fate.
(www, Albania, 1998)
1912 Charles Samuel Adams,
American cartoonist of the Macabre, was born.
(AHD, 1971, p.14)
1912 Dr. Barnes went to Paris a
tried to buy the prize Picasso paintings held by Gertrude Stein. She
declined to sell. [see 1872-1951, Barnes]
(Civil., Jul-Aug., ‘95, p.84)
1912 Arthur G. Dove painted his
pastel on canvas: "Plant Forms."
(WSJ, 4/9/98, p.A21)
1912 Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968),
French painter, painted his "Nude Descending a Stair-case, No.2." It
caused a sensation at the 1913 Armory Show.
(WSJ, 12/2/96, p.A16)
1912 Piet Mondrian made his
semi-abstract "Flowering Trees."
(SFC, 10/4/97, p.E1)
1912 Picasso added a found
commercial object to one of his paintings and created the first collage.
(WSJ, 8/11/98, p.A16)
1912 Egon Schiele, Austrian
expressionist, painted "Portrait of Wally."
(SFC, 1/9/98, p.A7)
1912 John Singer Sargent painted
"Spanish Fountain."
(WSJ, 12/4/97, p.A20)
c1912 E.J. Bellocq, photographer,
made 89 glass negatives of prostitutes in the Storyville dis-trict of
New Orleans. They were published in 1996 in the book: "Bellocq:
Photographs from Storyville" with text by John Szarkowski.
(SFEC, 10/6/96, BR p.6)
1912 Mary Antin (1881-1949),
Russian-born immigrant (1894), authored “The Promised Land.” The book
was highly successful and was used in Civic courses in US schools until
1949.
(WSJ, 11/8/08,
p.W8)(www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAantin.htm)
1912 Dot Babb authored “In the
Bosom of the Comanchos,” an account of his and his sister’s life as
captive children among the Comanches.
(AH, 6/07, p.64)
1912 Theodore Dreiser authored
“The Financier,” the 1st book of his “Trilogy of Desire,” an Iliad of
American capitalism.
(WSJ, 9/16/06, p.P10)
1912 Sigmund Freud authored "Totem
and Taboo."
(WSJ, 5/5/06, p.A16)
1912 American poet Robert Frost
and his family moved to England because he could not find a publisher
for his poems in the United States. He was greatly admired by the
English poets. He returned to the United States three years later, and
became one of the country's most important poets, receiving four
Pulitzer Prizes for his poetry. In 1961, John F. Kennedy invited Frost
to read a poem at his inauguration.
(HNQ, 12/27/98)
1912 Zane Grey (1872-1939)
authored his novel “Riders of the Purple Sage.”
(SFC, 7/25/09,
p.C4)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zane_Grey)
1912 Herbert Hoover, mining
engineer and future US president, translated "De Re Metallica,"
by German mineralogist Georgius Bauer (Agricola, 1494-1555). It
described mining, smelting, and chemistry.
(WSJ, 7/29/06,
p.P8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Agricola)
1912 Algot Lange, the son of an
opera singer, authored “In the Amazon Jungle.” In 1910 he had gone on
an adventure in the upper Amazon between Brazil and Peru and only
survived with the aid of Mangeroma cannibals.
(WSJ, 4/28/07, p.P8)
1912 James Loeb, retired banker,
began his Loeb Classical Library. Together with publisher William
Heinemann they put out classical selections in translation along with
original Greek or Latin text. In 2006 a 500th title in the series: “A
Loeb Classical Library Reader.”
(WSJ, 4/8/06, p.P9)
1912 Thomas Mann wrote his novella
"Death in Venice." In 1971 it was made into a film by Luchino Visconti.
(WSJ, 12/26/95, p. A-5)(SFEC, 4/6/97, DB p.55)
1912 Harriet Monroe, former
Chicago Tribune art critic, founded the monthly Poetry Maga-zine. In
2002 Ruth Lilly (87), great-grandchild of Eli Lilly, gave the magazine
a $100 million en-dowment.
(SFC, 11/19/02, p.A3)
1912 Morgan Shuster, American
financial expert, authored “The Strangling of Persia.” He de-scribes
his failed efforts to introduce virtuous financial practices in Iran in
the face of British and Russian barriers.
(WSJ, 10/6/07, p.W8)
1912 The novella “Hadji Murad” by
Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) was published. Murad (d.1852) was an important
Chechen leader during the resistance of the Caucasian peoples in
1711-1864 against the Russian Empire's seizure of the region.
(http://tinyurl.com/js9od)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadji_Murad)
1912 Wilfrid M. Voynich, an
antiquarian book dealer, bought a number of medieval manu-scripts from
an undisclosed location in Europe. Among these was an illustrated
manuscript co-dex of 234 pages, written in an unknown script. The
manuscript was later donated to Yale Univ. [see Jan 20, 1612]
(www.voynich.nu/s_intro.html)
1912 H.G. Wells wrote his novel
"Marriage."
(WSJ, 11/21/96, p.B12)
1912 Edith Wharton authored her
novel "The Reef."
(SSFC, 1/14/01, BR p.8)
1912 The book "Sinking of the
Titanic: The World’s Greatest Sea Disaster," was published.
(SFC, 9/30/98, Z1 p.3)
1912 Florence Lawrence and her
director-husband Harry Solter created their own Victor Film Studio in
Fort Lee, New Jersey.
(ON, 4/06, p.6)
1912 Vaslav Nijinsky created the
ballet "Afternoon of a Faun."
(SFC, 12/27/99, p.E3)
1912 Buddy Gilmore, drummer with
the Jim Europe Band, established drummers in the dance music of the
era. The group recorded on Victor Records. His work was later described
in the bi-ography "A Life in Ragtime" by Reid Badger.
(SFEM, 10/5/97, p.9)
1912 The song "Ragtime Cowboy Joe"
was written.
(BAAC, 8/97, p.1)
1912 Frieda (von Richthofen)
Weekley left her husband and three children after 12 years of marriage
to live with D.H. Lawrence. She was 32, the daughter of a Prussian
baron from Metz, and Lawrence was 26, a collier’s son, who was seeking
a lecturing position from Earnest Week-ley, his former English teacher.
(WSJ, 5/15/95, p. A-16)
1912 Gertrude Stein went to Avila,
Spain, and was inspired to a new style of writing.
(WSJ, 2/1/96, p.A-16)
1912 Gilbert "Broncho Billy"
Anderson and George Spoor, Chicago movie producers moved their Essanay
movie studios to Niles, Ca., and over the next 4 years produced some
350 one-reel films that included "The Tramp" with Charlie Chaplin.
(SFC, 12/31/99, p.A1,6)(SFC, 9/9/06, p.B3)(SFC,
4/10/09, p.E8)
1912 Raynal Bolling (1887-1918),
who made his money as a lawyer for US Steel, hired an architect to
build an English-style mansion in Greewnwich, Connecticut. His
Greyledge mansion was demolished in 2007 by Spencer Lampert, hedge fund
director for Tudor Investment Corp.
(WSJ, 4/12/08, p.A6)
1912 The SF carousel in Golden
Gate Park was crafted by dedicated blacksmiths. it under-went
restoration in the 1980s.
(SFC, 12/28/96, p.A24)
1912 Harriet Pullman Carolan and
her husband Francis purchased 554 acres in Hillsborough, CA., and
proceeded with plans to build a mansion inspired by the 17th century
French châteaux, Vaux le Vicomte. The 98-room mansion, the
Carolands Chateau, was completed in 1915, but the couple separated in
1917 and she seldom visited. By 1997 it was falling into disrepair and
plans were proposed to turn it into a 15-unit condo.
(SFC, 8/19/97, p.A13,17)
1912 Baseball stadiums Fenway Park
in Boston and Tiger Stadium in Detroit were built.
(SFC, 7/21/96, zone 1 p.6)(SFEC, 8/28/98, p.T4)
1912 Chicago meatpackers built
Market Square. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places
as the first planned shopping center in the US.
(Hem., 7/96, p.26)
1912 Prizes were added to boxes of
Cracker Jacks.
(www.tias.com/mags/cjca/cjcahistory.htm)(AH, 10/01,
p.34)
1912 National Biscuit, later
Nabisco, came up with the Oreo cookie.
(WSJ, 1/19/08, p.A10)
1912 The International Amateur
Athletic Federation was founded by 17 national athletic fed-erations
who saw the need for a governing authority, for an athletic program,
for standardized technical equipment and world records.
(www.iaaf.org/insideIAAF/history/index.html)
1912 A young George S. Patton was
a 5th place finisher in a Military Pentathlon.
(WSJ, 7/23/96, p.A6)
1912 At the Stockholm Olympics
Native American Jim Thorpe won gold medals in the decath-lon and
pentathlon.
(HT, 4/97, p.18)
1912 Alexis Carrel (b.1873),
French surgeon and biologist, won a Nobel Prize for the devel-opment of
blood vessel suture technique.
(HN, 6/28/99)(MC, 6/28/02)
1912 Gerhart Hauptmann (b.1862),
German author (Before Dawn) won the Nobel Prize in Lit-erature.
(MC, 11/15/01)
1912 US Sec. of State Elihu Root
won the Nobel Peace Prize.
(SSFC, 8/15/04, p.D11)
1912 The US banned the drink
absinthe. Lawmakers thought the chemical thujone, found in one of the
spirit’s main ingredients, wormwood, made people crazy or homicidal.
This theory was later dismissed and the ban was lifted in 2007.
(WSJ, 12/24/96, p.A6)(SFC, 3/21/08, p.F4)
1912 The Supreme Court in
Cincinnati vs. Louisville & N.R. Co. extended the concept of
emi-nent domain to include intangibles, including "a charter, or any
kind of contract."
(Wired, 10/96, p.133)
1912 The 1912-1913 "Money Trust"
investigations were spearheaded by Wall Street lawyer-turned-reformer
Samuel Untermeyer.
(WSJ, 8/1/03, p.W10)
1912 The Radio Act of this year
was the first US law to license operators.
(SFC, 12/27/99, p.E3)
1912 Frank Taussig (1859-1940),
former president of the American Economic Association (1904-1905) and
Harvard professor, stated: “We must accept the consumer as the final
judge.”
(www.britannica.com/eb/article-9071417)(Econ,
1/14/06, p.76)
1912 Dr. Rupert Blue at age 45
became the US Surgeon General and served under 2 presi-dents to 1920.
He had led the bubonic plagued eradication program in SF between
1901-1908.
(ON, 1/00, p.7)
1912 About this time Fred H. Bixby
purchased the 8,580-acre Cojo Ranch in California’s Santa Barbara
County. In 1939 he acquired the adjacent 15,814-acre Jalama Ranch. The
properties included 9 miles of coastline and in 2007 sold for about
$155 million.
(WSJ, 1/12/07, p.W10)
1912 Helena Rubinstein, following
her success in Australia and London opened a beauty sa-lon in Paris.
(SFEM, 8/23/98, p.29)
1912 The 1st neon sign illuminated
the Palais Coiffeur, a Parisian beauty shop.
(SFEC, 8/13/00, p.T6)
1912 AT&T engineers produced
the vacuum tube and made possible Theodore Vail’s predic-tion of
transcontinental phone service by 1914. High power vacuum tubes were
used to amplify voice signals over electric noise.
(I&I, Penzias, p.215)(SFEC,12/14/97, p.A12)
1912 The 42-ton Dixiana No. 1 Shay
steam engine at Roaring Camp, Ca., was built.
(SFC, 5/12/96, p.T-3)
1912 On the West Coast maritime
Radio PH had its transmitter relocated from SF to Bolinas and its
receiver to Tomales Bay under the Marconi Co.
(SFC, 7/1/97, p.A14)
1912 Du Pont was forced to give up
a big piece of its explosives business due to government trust busting
but kept its military line and became the chief supplier to the Allies
in WW I.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R46)
1912 The Hearst Corp. acquired
Harper's Bazaar fashion magazine, and Motor Boating and Sailing
magazine.
(SFC, 8/7/99, p.A9)
1912 Standard Oil established
America’s first gas station in Cincinnati.
(F, 10/7/96, p.67)
1912 The Durable Toy & Novelty
Co. began making toy registering banks about this time. Its office was
in NYC and its factory in Cleveland, Ohio.
(SFC, 4/2/08, p.G2)
1912 Eric B. Savage incorporated
his M.W. Savage Factories in Minneapolis. His was one of the first
mail-order furniture houses.
(SFC, 5/9/07, p.G7)
1912 Standard Cordage Co. was
liquidated.
(WSJ, 5/28/96, p.R46)
1912 Harry C. Heath (d.1962)
invented a new siren capable of an instant blast. It was refe-reed to
as the 1st-ever electric siren. A Heath-designed siren was used in the
SF Ferry Building from 1918-1972.
(SFC, 11/23/01, p.A22)
1912 The synthetic resin PVC,
polyvinyl chloride, was first produced.
(SFC, 8/5/98, Z1 p.3)
1912 Casimir Funk, a
Polish-American scientist, suggested that dietary deficiencies in
sub-stances that he named "vitamins" might cause such diseases as
beriberi, rickets, pellagra, sprue and others.
(MT, Fall ‘96, p.4)
1912 Chemists in Europe introduced
MDMA, a euphoria-producing psychedelic, as a potential appetite
suppressant. It was later known as "ecstasy."
(SFEC, 8/6/00, p.A1)
1912 The 25,000 acre National Elk
Refuge was established outside of Jackson Hole, Wyo-ming.
(SSFC, 1/6/02, p.C7)
1912 California farmers in the wet
lowlands of the Sacramento Valley began raising rice, a Japanese
variety imported from Texas.
(SFC, 5/22/96, zz-1)
1912 The cooperative California
Associated Raison Co. was formed in the Central Valley to produce,
process and market raisins. The Sun-Maid brand name was launched in
1915. In 1916 a portrait of Lorraine Collett of Fresno became the
company’s trademark.
(SSFC, 4/23/06,
p.F1)(www.sunmaid.com/about/our_history.html)
1912 Mabel Hubbard Bell, the wife
of Alexander Graham Bell, and Margaret Wilson, the daughter of Pres.
Woodrow Wilson, formed the American Montessori Association to expand
the educational methods of Italian Dr. Maria Montessori.
(ON, 3/07, p.5)
1912 The U of Mich. established a
separate graduate school that in 1935 was named for Horace H. Rackham
for a financial contribution.
(MT, Fall. ‘97, p.19)
1912 The College Art Association
of art teachers and art scholars began holding annual con-ferences.
(WSJ, 3/13/00, p.A44)
1912 Grasshoppers swept across
Tulsa, Okla. People raked them up and sold them as chicken feed.
(SFC, 5/23/98, p.C3)
1912 The mitten crab was first
identified in Europe.
(Pac. Disc., summer, ‘96, p.6)
1912 Katmai volcano in southwest
Alaska erupted. E.G. Zeis later studied the volcanic gases emitted from
the volcano for years after the eruption and measured significant
quantities of hy-drogen fluoride, one of the chemicals said to cause
depletion of ozone. Scientists visited the site in 1914 and dubbed it:
"The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes."
(WSJ, 1/12/95, A-17)
1912 General William Booth
(b.1829), the founder and leader of the Salvation Army, died.
(HNQ, 3/13/00)
1912 Karl May (b.1842), German
author of US Western novels, died. A third of his 80 books were set in
the American West and included "Son of the Bear Hunter," "The Spirit of
Llano Es-tacado" and the 4 Winnetou novels.
(WSJ, 4/4/01, p.A1)
1912 A small Balkan War broke out
and was quelled by the major powers. Albanian national-ism spurred
repeated revolts against Turkish dominion and resulted in the First
Balkan War in which the Turks were driven out of much of the Balkan
Peninsula.
(V.D.-H.K.p.290)(Compuserve Online, Grolier’s Amer.
Acad. Enc./ Albania)
1912 In Belgium Jean Neuhaus Jr.
took an empty chocolate shell and filled it with rich crea-tions
developed by his pharmacist granddad and perfected by his father. Thus
was born the praline.
(SFEC, 9/15/96, p.T9)
1912 The British Royal Navy
E-class submarine entered service.
(SSFC, 1/2/05, p.E3)
1912 The Imperial Theater in
Montreal, Canada, was built.
(WSJ, 9/5/96, p.A14)
1912 In Canada the 1st Calgary
Stampede began as a rodeo organized by American Guy Weadick, a trick
roper.
(SFEC, 6/25/00, p.T11)
1912 Dofasco was founded in Canada
as the Dominion Steel Casting Co. to make railway parts. In 2006 it
accepted a bid by Arcelor, a European steel giant.
(Econ, 2/4/06, p.36)
1912 In France the Archbishop of
Paris stated that "Christians must not tango."
(SFEC,11/30/97, Z1 p.3)
1912 German psychologist William
Stern introduced the term "intelligence quotient" and ab-breviation
"IQ."
(WSJ, 7/18/97, p.A15)
1912 Heinrich Muller and Heinrich
Schreyer started the Schreyer & Co. toy company in Nur-emberg,
Germany. The name was shortened to Schuco in the 1920. They began
making “Yes/No” toys in 1921 and after WWII these were called “Tricky”
toys. In 1999 Schuco became part of the Simba Dickie Group.
(SFC, 4/23/08, p.G6)
1912 Wilesco Schroeder Co. of
Ludenscheid, Germany, was founded by Wilhelm Schroeder to manufacture
aluminum utensils and carving sets. By the 1960s it expanded to produce
toy tractors and fire engines.
(SFC, 11/1/06, p.G2)
1912 Greece acquired Crete.
(WSJ, 3/20/97, p.A17)
1912 In Japan the Sumitomo Bank
was founded.
(WSJ, 10/15/99, p.A1)
1912 Pancho Villa, a former
bandit, returned to Mexico from the US with a tiny band of men that he
built into the "Division del Norte."
(SFC, 5/5/99, p.A2)
1912 After the fall of the Manchu
dynasty, Mongol princes, supported by tsarist Russia, declared the
independence of Mongolia from China.
(www.gobiexpeditions.com)
1912 In India the film “Pundalit,”
the first result of an Indian’s use to tell a story, opened in Bombay.
An ad for the film survived, but the film itself was lost.
(Econ, 12/2/06, p.87)
1912 Kim Il Sung was born in
Pyongyang, N. Korea. He ruled the country from 1948 to 1994.
(NG, Aug., 1974, H. Edward Kim, p.259)
1912 Managua, Nicaragua, was
destroyed by civil war.
(SSFC, 4/10/05, p.F4)
1912 Engineers dammed the Chagres
River to create the Panama Canal’s main water supply. The submerged
town of Matachin ("kill the Chinese") had been named after hundreds of
Chi-nese railway workers committed suicide over a period of several
months.
(SSFC, 10/20/02, p.C5)
1912 Panama Canal workers rioted
on Independence Day.
(SFC, 3/3/09, p.E10)
1912 The Pushkin Museum opened in
Moscow. It was scheduled to close in 2009 for a $380 million upgrade to
be completed in 2012.
(WSJ, 5/21/08, p.D9)
1912-1913 Marc Chagall painted "The Violinist,"
showing a fiddler, who stands with one foot cover-ing a Vitebsk rooftop.
(WSJ, 5/11/95, p. A-14)
1912-1913 During the Balkan Wars the Kingdom of
Greece acquired Macedonia from the Turkish Ottoman Empire.
(SFC, 4/23/98, p.B4)
1912-1913 Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969), later
revolutionary head of Vietnam, lived in the US and worked as a baker at
the Parker House Hotel in Boston.
(SSFC, 6/15/08, p.E5)
1912-1918 The US government washed its circulated
paper currency and recycled it.
(SFC, 4/4/98, p.C4)
1912-1926 The Taisho Period was named after the
reign of Emperor Taisho, the father of Hirohito.
(Jap. Enc., BLDM, p. 215)(WSJ, 1/29/02, p.A18)
1912-1930 James Rolph Jr. was the Mayor of San
Francisco. Under him the first municipal railroad system in the US was
built.
(SFC, 4/14/96, EM, p.22)
1912-1938 Leopold Stokowski was the music director of
the Philadelphia Orchestra.
(Hem, 6/96, p.107)(WSJ, 2/11/99, p.A24)
1912-1976 Afro Libio Basaldella, Italian artist. He
personified the progressive impulses of post WW II Italian painting.
(SFC, 4/17/99, p.B10)
1912-1988 Ray Kaiser Eames, artist and wife of
Charles Eames.
(SFC, 6/6/96, E1)
1912-1989 Mary McCarthy, American author: "When
writers come, I find I’m talking all the time, ex-changing thoughts I
haven’t exchanged for some time. I get stupid in solitude."
(AP, 11/8/97)
1912-1989 Barbara Tuchman, American historian: "If
power corrupts, weakness in the seat of power, with its constant
necessity of deals and bribes and compromising arrangements, cor-rupts
even more."
(AP, 9/22/98)
1912-1992 Eric Sevareid, American news commentator: "The biggest
big business in America is not steel, automobiles, or television. It is
the manufacture, refinement and distribution of anxiety."
(AP, 5/8/98)
1912-1993 William Golding, writer, received the Nobel
Prize in 1983. His books include "Lord of the Flies," "Inheritors," and
"Double Tongue," published posthumously in 1995.
1913 Jan 9, Richard Milhous Nixon,
37th president of the United States (1968-1974) and first President to
resign from office, was born in Yorba Linda, Calif.
(HN, 1/9/98)(AP, 1/9/08)
1913 Jan 11, The first sedan-type
automobile, a Hudson, went on display at the 13th Auto-mobile Show in
New York.
(AP, 1/11/99)
1913 Jan 12, Kiel and
Wilhelmshaven became submarine bases in Germany.
(HN, 1/12/99)
1913 Jan 15, Lloyd Bridges, actor
(Sea Hunt, Roots, Airplane), was born in San Leandro, Calif.
(MC, 1/15/02)
1913 Jan 15, The first telephone
line between Berlin and New York was inaugurated.
(HN, 1/15/99)
1913 Jan 16, Prof. Thaddeus Lowe
(80), balloonist pioneer, died.
(www.militarymuseum.org/Lowe.html)
1913 Jan 18, Danny Kaye, UNICEF,
comedian, actor, was born in Brooklyn, NY.
(MC, 1/18/02)
1913 Jan 20, Karl Wittgenstein
(b.1847), Viennese industrialist and father of philosopher Ludwig
Wittgenstein (1889-1951), died of throat cancer. In 2009 Alexander
Waugh authored “The House of Wittgenstein: A Family at War.”
(WSJ, 2/28/09,
p.W10)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Wittgenstein)
1913 Jan 21, Aristide Briand
formed a French government.
(MC, 1/21/02)
1913 Jan 22, Turkey consented to
the Balkan peace terms and gave up Adrianople.
(HN, 1/22/99)
1913 Jan 23, The "Young Turks"
revolted because they were angered by the concessions made at the
London peace talks.
(HN, 1/23/99)
1913 Jan 24, Mark Goodson, TV
game-show producer (Goodson-Toddman), was born.
(MC, 1/24/02)
1913 Jan 26, Jim Thorpe
relinquished his 1912 Olympic medals for being a pro.
(MC, 1/26/02)
1913 Jan 31, The British House of
Lords rejected a bill tabled by the Liberal government and passed by
the House of Commons on January 16 proposing home rule for Ireland. One
peer said that home rule would make the Irish "a menace in war and a
disturbing influence in peace."
(HC, 2003, p.64)
1913 Feb 3, The 16th Amendment to
the Constitution, providing for a federal income tax, was ratified. The
new income tax laws included an exemption on life insurance to help
widows and orphans. The 1st $3,000 was exempted. The top rate on
incomes over $500,000 was 6%.
(AP, 2/3/00)(SSFC, 7/28/02, p.A3)(WSJ, 6/4/03, p.B1)
1913 Feb 4, Rosa Lee Parks, civil
rights activist, was born. Her refusal to give up her seat on a
segregated bus in Alabama started the Civil Rights Movement.
(HN, 2/4/99)
1913 Feb 6, Mary Douglas Nicol,
later archaeologist and paleo-anthropologist Mary Leakey, was born in
London. She met anthropologist Louis Leakey in 1933 and joined him in
Kenya.
(SFC, 12/10/96, p.A6)(HN, 2/6/01)
1913 Feb 7, Turks lost 5,000 men
in a battle with the Bulgarian army in Gallipoli.
(HN, 2/7/99)
1913 Feb 9, Leo van der Kar,
masseur, businessman, founder (Sports funds), was born.
(MC, 2/9/02)
1913 Feb 9-18, The 10 Day Tragedy
of Mexico City when 3,000 died.
(MC, 2/9/02)
1913 Feb 12, A New York commission
reported that there was widespread violation of child labor laws.
(HN, 2/12/97)
1913 Feb 13, Joaquin Miller
(b.1837), known as the "poet of the Sierras," died in Oakland, Ca.
Miller had sponsored California’s 1st Arbor Day. His work included
"Utopia" (1880). Miller was born as Cincinnatus Hiner Miller near
Liberty, Indiana. His secret "California Diary" was un-earthed 25 years
after his death. In 1919 Oakland purchased his property and in 1928
turned it into a park combined with adjacent undeveloped tracts.
(SFEM, 4/2/00, p.48)(SSFC, 1/14/07, p.B3)
1913 Feb 14, Jimmy Hoffa (d.1975),
Teamsters leader who disappeared, was born.
(MC, 2/14/02)
1913 Feb 14, Mel Allen,
sportscaster (voice of NY Yankees), was born in Birmingham, Ala-bama.
(MC, 2/14/02)
1913 Feb 15, The 1st avant-garde
art show in America opened in NYC. [see Feb 17]
(440 Int’l., 2/15/99)
1913 Feb 17, Oskar Danon,
composer, conductor, was born.
(MC, 2/17/02)
1913 Feb 17, Rene Leibowitz,
composer, conductor, was born.
(MC, 2/17/02)
1913 Feb 17, NY Armory Show
introduced Picasso, Matisse, Duchamp to US public. [see Feb 15]
(MC, 2/17/02)
1913 Feb 18, Artur Axmann, Nazi
youth leader, was born.
(MC, 2/18/02)
1913 Feb 18, Marcel Duchamp’s
painting "Nude Descending a Staircase" was displayed at the Armory Show
in NYC.
(MC, 2/18/02)
1913 Feb 22, Ferdinand de Saussure
(b.1857), Swiss linguist and founder of Structuralism, died in Geneva.
(www.britannica.com/eb/article-9065908)
1913 Feb 25, Jim Backus, actor
(Mr. Magoo, Thurston Howell III-Gilligan's Island), was born in
Cleveland.
(MC, 2/25/02)
1913 Feb 25, The 16th Amendment to
the constitution was adopted, setting the legal basis for the income
tax. The amendment, proposed by Congress at the urging of pres. Taft,
established a corporate tax.
(HN, 2/25/98)(WSJ, 3/11/98, p.A20)
1913 Feb 26-1913 Mar 6, An
Albanian Congress was held in Trieste as the Ottoman Empire broke down.
Ismail Qemali served as head of the provisional government of the newly
founded Albanian state.
(http://tinyurl.com/jffdw)
1913 Feb 27, Irwin Shaw, US
novelist (Rich Man Poor Man), was born.
(MC, 2/27/02)
1913 Mar 1, The US Federal income
tax took effect (16th amendment). [see Mar 8]
(SC, 3/1/02)
1913 Mar 1, The 1st state law
requiring bonding of officers and state employees was enacted in North
Dakota.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1913 Mar 3, Ida B. Wells-Barnett
demonstrated for female suffrage in Washington DC.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1913 Mar 4, Gabriel Fauré's
opera "Penelope" premiered in Monte Carlo.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1913 Mar 4, Woodrow Wilson was
inaugurated as 28th President.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1913 Mar 4, Department of Commerce
& Labor was split into separate departments.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1913 Mar 4, 1st US law regulating
the shooting of migratory birds was passed.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1913 Mar 6, Stewart Granger, actor
(Saraband for Dead Lovers, Scaramouche), was born.
(MC, 3/6/02)
1913 Mar 8, Internal Revenue
Service began to levy and collect income taxes. [see Mar 1, Oct 13]
(MC, 3/8/02)
1913 Mar 10, Harriet Tubman,
abolitionist, conductor on Underground RR, died in NY. In 2004
Catherine Clinton authored "Harriet Tubman: The Road to Freedom" and
Kate Clifford Larson authored "Bound for the Promised Land: Harriet
Tubman, Portrait of an American Hero."
(MC, 3/10/02)(SSFC, 2/1/04, p.M1)(USAT, 2/5/04, p.5D)
1913 Mar 13, William J. Casey,
headed CIA during Iran Contra scandal (1981-87), was born.
(MC, 3/13/02)
1913 Mar 13, Kansas legislature
approved censorship of motion pictures.
(MC, 3/13/02)
1913 Mar 15, Lewis Robert
Wasserman (d.2002) was born in Cleveland. In 1946 Dr. Jules Stein
(d.1981), founder of Music Corp. of America hired Lew Wasserman as
director of adver-tising and public relations. Wasserman went on to
expand the company as MCA Inc. into a ma-jor entertainment conglomerate.
(SFC, 6/4/02, p.A18)
1913 Mar 15, President Wilson met
with reporters for what's been described as the first presi-dential
press conference. Some sources say Wilson's first actual press
conference was a week later.
(AP, 3/15/97)
1913 Mar 16 The 15,000-ton
battleship Pennsylvania was launched at Newport News, Va.
(HN, 3/16/98)
1913 Mar 18, Greek King George I
was killed by an assassin. Constantine I was to succeed.
(HN, 3/18/98)
1913 Mar 22, Karl Malden, actor
(Mike-Streets of SF, American Express), was born in Chi-cago.
(MC, 3/22/02)
1913 Mar 22, Martha Modl, German
singer, soprano (Wagner), was born.
(MC, 3/22/02)
1913 Mar 23, A strong tornado
swept through Omaha, Neb., on Easter Sunday leaving over 100 fatalities
and millions of dollars in damage.
(SFC, 3/23/09, p.D8)
1913 Mar 25, The home of
vaudeville, the Palace Theatre, opened in New York City starring Ed
Wynn.
(AP, 3/24/98)(MC, 3/25/02)
1913 Mar 25, Great Dayton, Ohio,
flood. [see Mar 25]
(MC, 3/25/02)
1913 Mar 26, Dayton, Ohio, was
almost destroyed when Scioto, Miami, and Muskingum River reached flood
stage simultaneously.
(SS, 3/26/02)
1913 Mar 26, The Balkan allies
took Adrianople. Bulgaria captured Adrianople, ending the 1st Balkan
War.
(HN, 3/25/98)(SS, 3/26/02)
1913 Mar 29, The Reichstag
announced a raise in taxes in order to finance the new military budget.
(HN, 3/29/98)
1913 Mar 31, John Pierpont Morgan
(b.1837), US banker, CEO (US Steel Corp), died in Rome, Italy. His art
collection was valued at $60m. In 1999 Jean Strouse authored “Morgan.”
(www.netstate.com/states/peop/people/ct_jpm.htm)(Econ, 11/20/04,
p.86)(WSJ, 8/4/07, p.P9)
1913 Apr 3, British suffragette
Emily Pankhurst was sentenced to 3 years in jail.
(MC, 4/3/02)
1913 Apr 7, The suffragists'
marched to the Capitol in Washington, D.C. By the second dec-ade of the
20th century, woman suffrage--women's right to vote--had become an
issue of na-tional importance in America. The growth in the numbers of
American working women and the valuable contributions women made in war
production during World War I further increased the suffragists'
support. On August 20, 1919, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was
ratified, giving women the right to vote.
(HNPD, 4/7/99)
1913 Apr 8, The US 17th Amendment
was ratified, requiring direct election of senators, as opposed to
appointment by state legislatures.
(AP, 4/8/08)
1913 Apr 8, Opening of China's 1st
parliament took place in Peking (Beijing).
(MC, 4/8/02)
1913 Apr 9, Pancho Villa and his
men stole 122 silver bars from a train in Northern Mexico. The silver
was then valued at about $160,000 and in 1999 would be $2.6 million.
Wells Fargo and its Mexican subsidiary arranged to buy back the silver
for cash and gave Villa either $50,000 or 50,000 pesos ($25,000) in
exchange for 93 of the 122 bars.
(SFC, 5/5/99, p.A2)
1913 Apr 14, Mary Phagan (13) was
found killed at an Atlanta pencil factory. She had stopped to pick up
her check on her way to Peachtree Street to see a Confederate Memorial
Day Pa-rade. Leo Frank (29), a Jewish factory manager, was falsely
accused of raping and murdering the young girl. Georgia Gov. John M.
Slaton later commuted Frank’s sentence to life, but a vigi-lante crowd
dragged him out of prison and lynched him on Aug 17. In 1968 Leonard
Dinnerstein authored “The Leo Frank Case.” The story is covered in the
1997 novel "The Old Religion" by David Mamet. In 1998 the musical
"Parade" was produced based on the Frank lynching.
(SFEC, 1/4/98, BR p.6)(WSJ, 12/22/98, p.A16)(WSJ,
6/9/00, p.A12)(WSJ, 1/17/09, p.W8)
1913 Apr 14, Jean Fournet, French
conductor, was born.
(MC, 4/14/02)
1913 Apr 19, California passed the
Webb Bill, excluding Japanese from owning land. It was signed into law
on May 19, 1913.
(HN, 4/19/97)
1913 Apr 21, Gideon Sundback of
Sweden patented the zipper. [see Apr 29]
(MC, 4/21/02)
1913 Apr 25, Earl Bostic, alto sax
player (Flamingo, Temptation), was born in Tulsa, OK.
(SS, 4/25/02)
1913 Apr 25, Russ Conway Brandon,
actor (Richard Diamond Private Eye), was born in Mani-toba.
(SS, 4/25/02)
1913 Apr 26, Sun Yet San called
for revolt against Pres. Yuan Shikai in China.
(MC, 4/26/02)
1913 Apr 29, Gideon Sundback of
Hoboken patented an all-purpose zipper. The name was coined by B.F.
Goodrich, who used it to fasten rubber galoshes. [see Apr 21]
(HN, 4/29/98)(SFEC, 5/23/99, p.B7)
1913 May 1, Walter Susskind,
conductor, was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
(MC, 5/1/02)
1913 May 3, William Inge, American
playwright (Picnic, Bus Stop), was born.
(HN, 5/3/01)
1913 May 5, Tyrone Power, actor
(Mark of Zorro, Alexander's Ragtime Band), was born in Cleveland.
(MC, 5/5/02)
1913 May 6, Stewart Granger,
[James Stewart], actor (Prisoner of Zenda, Scaramouche), was born in
London.
(MC, 5/6/02)
1913 May 7, British House of
Commons rejected women's right to vote.
(MC, 5/7/02)
1913 May 9, The 17th amendment to
the Constitution, providing for the election of US sena-tors by popular
vote rather than selection by state legislatures, was ratified. [see
May 31]
(AP, 5/9/01)
1913 May 13, The first 4 engine
aircraft was built & flown by Igor Sikorsky of Russia.
(SS, Internet, 5/13/97)(HN, 5/13/98)
1913 May 14, New York Governor
William Sulzer approved a state charter for the Rockefeller Foundation.
John D. Rockefeller had given $100 million to the Rockefeller
Foundation. This in-sulated a large part of Rockefeller's fortune from
inheritance taxes. At this time Rockefeller’s net worth approached $900
million, about $13 billion in 1998 dollars.
(WSJ, 5/8/98, p.W10)(Econ, 12/16/06, p.68)
1913 May 14, Franz Hals museum
opened in Haarlem, Netherlands.
(MC, 5/14/02)
1913 May 16, Woody Herman
(d.1987), jazz bandleader, was born.
(HN, 5/16/01)
1913 May 18, Perry Como (Pierino
Roland Como, d. 2001), singer, was born in Canonsburg, Pa. [maybe 1912]
(SSFC, 5/13/01, p.A27)(SC, 5/18/02)
1913 May 18, Otto Reubke (70),
composer, died.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1913 May 19, The Webb Alien
Land-Holding Bill was signed in California, excluding Japanese from
owning land.
(DTnet, 5/19/97)
1913 May 20, William Hewlett,
co-founder of Hewlett-Packard Co., was born.
(MC, 5/20/02)
1913 May 20, Henry Morrison
Flagler (b.1830), US tycoon, real estate promoter, railroad developer
and Rockefeller partner in Standard Oil, died. He was a key figure in
the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic
Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. He
is known as the father of Miami, Florida.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Flagler)
1913 May 25, Joseph Peter Grace,
businessman, was born.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1913 May 26, The Actors' Equity
Association was organized in NYC.
(AP, 5/26/97)
1913 May 29, Iris Adrian, actress
(Blue Hawaii, Bluebeard), was born in Los Angeles, CA.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1913 May 29, The premier of the
ballet Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring) by Igor Stravinsky
and Vaslav Nijinsky in Paris caused rioting in the theater. The
orchestra was led by Pierre Monteux and décor was by Nikolai
Roerich.
(SFEC, 8/10/97, p.B9)(HN, 5/29/01)(WSJ, 12/8/04,
p.D12)
1913 May 30, Conclusion of the
First Balkan War. The Treaty of London ended First Balkan War, and the
Second Balkan War began.
(HN, 5/30/98)(www, Albania, 1998)
1913 May 30, New country of
Albania formed.
(MC, 5/30/02)
1913 May 31, The 17th Amendment to
the Constitution, providing for the popular election of U.S. senators,
was declared in effect. [see May 9]
(AP, 5/31/97)(HN, 5/31/98)
1913 Jun 1, Serbia and Greece
concluded a secret treaty for joint action against Bulgaria; joined by
Romania. Dissatisfied with their share of the spoils, Serbia, denied
its proposed outlet to the Adriatic Sea, sought compensation in
Macedonia along the Vardar River which the Bulgarians rejected while
Greece asked for control of Thessaloniki and "a certain part" of the
eastern Macedonian territories, which Bulgaria rejected as well.
(www.maknews.com/html/articles/stefov/stefov61.html)
1913 Jun 2, Bert Farber, orchestra
leader (Arthur Godfrey, Vic Damone), was born in Brook-lyn, NY.
(SC, 6/2/02)
1913 Jun 2, Barbara Pym (Mary
Crampton), English novelist (Less Than Angels, Quartet in Autumn), was
born.
(HN, 6/2/01)
1913 Jun 2, The 1st strike
settlement mediated by US Dep't of Labor for the RR clerks.
(SC, 6/2/02)
1913 Jun 11, Vince Lombardi,
National Football League coach, was born. He coached the Green Bay
Packers who won the first Super Bowl.
(HN, 6/11/98)
1913 Jun 13, Ralph Edwards
(d.2005), radio and TV host (This is Your Life), was born in Me-rino,
Colo.
(www.imdb.com)(SFC, 11/17/05, p.B5)
1913 Jun 17, U.S. Marines set sail
from San Diego to protect American interests in Mexico.
(HN, 6/17/98)
1913 Jun 24, Greece and Serbia
annulled their alliance with Bulgaria following border dis-putes over
Macedonia and Thrace.
(HN, 6/24/98)
1913 Jun 27, Richard Bissell,
novelist and playwright, was born.
(HN, 6/27/01)
1913 Jun 27, Willie Mosconi,
professional billiards player and world champion (1941-57), was born.
(HN, 6/27/01)(SC, 6/27/02)
1913 Jun 29, Anticipating
assistance from Austro-Hungary the Bulgarian army attacked its former
allies. This Second Balkan War was at first waged entirely on
Macedonian soil. The 2nd Balkan War began. Bulgaria defeated Greek and
Serbian troops.
(www.maknews.com/html/articles/stefov/stefov61.html)
1913 Jun, Rev. Hudson Stuck led a
team in the 1st ascent to the summit of Mt. McKinley, Alaska.
(ON, 3/06,
p.8)(www.themilepost.com/major_attractions/mt_mckinley.shtml)
1913 Jul 1, The Lincoln Highway
Association decided to call its coast-to-coast highway the Lincoln
Highway, and it was officially incorporated as the Lincoln Highway
Association.
(http://lincolnhighway.jameslin.name/history/part2.html)
1913 Jul 1, Serbia and Greece
declared war on Bulgaria.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1913 Jul 7, British House of
Commons accepted Home-Rule Law.
(MC, 7/7/02)
1913 Jul 10, A temperature of 134
degrees was recorded in Death Valley. It was the highest ever recorded
in the US.
(SFEC, 11/14/99, p.T6)(AP, 7/23/03)
1913 Jul 10, Rumania entered the
Second Balkan War war and four days later the Ottoman Empire joined the
general assault on Bulgaria. Faced with four fronts, Bulgarian armies
were defeated piecemeal and the government at Sofia was forced to seek
peace. Atrocities were widespread. For example, in pursuing the
Bulgarian army Greek forces systematically burnt to the ground all
Macedonian villages they encountered, mass-murdering their entire
populations. Likewise, when the Greek army entered Kukush (Kilkis) and
occupied surrounding villages, about 400 old people and children were
imprisoned and killed. Nor did the Serbian "liberators" lag behind in
destruction and wanton slaughter throughout Macedonia. In Bitola,
Skopje, Shtip and Gevgelija, the Serbian army, police and chetniks
(guerrillas) committed their own atrocities.
(www.maknews.com/html/articles/stefov/stefov61.html)
1913 Jul 14, Gerald Ford (d.2006),
41st vice-president and 38th president of the United States, was born
as Leslie King, Jr. in Omaha, Nebraska, and achieved his highest
prominence as the 38th president of the Untied States. He became
president upon Richard Nixon's resigna-tion from office. Gerald Rudolph
Ford was age two when his mother divorced his father and moved to Grand
Rapids, Michigan. She remarried Gerald Ford, Sr., who adopted the young
boy and gave him his name. Ford assumed the presidency on August 9,
1974, upon the resignation of Richard M. Nixon.
(HN, 7/14/99)(HNQ, 11/24/99)(AP, 12/27/06)
1913 Jul 14, Jimmy Hoffa, missing
labor leader, was born.
(MC, 7/14/02)
1913 Jul 14, Fritz Erler, German
politician (SDP), was born.
(MC, 7/14/02)
1913 Jul 18, Richard "Red"
Skelton, legendary clown, was born in Vincennes, Ind. During a career
that stretched through medicine shows, vaudeville, motion pictures,
radio and television, the gentle Skelton created a beloved host of
characters from the silent tramp Freddie the Free-loader (shown at
left) to the Mean Widdle Kid, who coined the catch phrase, "I dood it!"
Skel-ton's sentimental humor, so popular in the '40s, '50s and '60s,
did not change with the times and in 1970, CBS canceled The Red Skelton
Show. Skelton refused to retire, touring the col-lege lecture circuit
and painting clown faces that sold for as much as $80,000. Red Skelton
died at age 84 on September 17, 1997.
(HNPD, 7/18/98)(MC, 7/18/02)
1913 Jul 22, Licia Albanese,
operatic soprano (NY Met Opera), was born in Bari, Italy.
(MC, 7/22/02)
1913 Jul 23, The "Second
Revolution" broke out in south China.
(AP, 7/23/97)
1913 Jul 31, Bulgaria signed an
armistice concluding the 2nd Balkan War. [see Aug 10]
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars)
1913 Aug 9, Herman Eugene Talmadge
(d.2002), later George state governor and US Sena-tor, was born.
(SFC, 3/22/02, p.A27)
1913 Aug 10, The Treaty of
Bucharest ended the Second Balkan War. It was concluded by the
delegates of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece. The
entire "disputed zone" was taken by Serbia, Greece secured its position
in Thessaloniki and southeastern Macedonia, the Ottomans regained all
the territories lost in the First Balkan War to Bulgaria with the
exception of eastern (Pirin) Macedonia, and the Romanians seized
Southern Dobruja.
(www.maknews.com/html/articles/stefov/stefov61.html)
1913 Aug 12, Kurt Kaszner, actor
(Cmdr Fitzhugh-Land of the Giants), was born in Vienna, Austria.
(SC, 8/12/02)
1913 Aug 13, Makarios III,
[Michail Moeskos], archbishop, president Cyprus, was born.
(MC, 8/13/02)
1913 Aug 16, Menachem Begin,
Israeli statesman (1977-83) and Nobel Peace Prize (1978) recipient, was
born.
(HN, 8/16/98)(MC, 8/16/02)
1913 Aug 25, Walt Kelly (d.1973),
cartoonist who created the comic strip "Pogo," was born.
(HN, 8/25/98)(SFC, 3/10/99, Z1 p.6)
1913 Aug 28, Richard Tucker,
[Reuben Ticker], Tenor (NY Met Opera), was born in Brooklyn, NY.
(MC, 8/28/01)
1913 Aug, Henry Ford began his 1st
large-scale automobile assembly tests.
(ON, 3/03, p.4)
1913 Sep 1, George Bernard Shaw’s
"Androcles and the Lion," premiered in London.
(MC, 9/1/02)
1913 Sep 11, Hedy Lamarr, actress,
was born in Austria. She featured in numerous minor roles in
Austro-German film prior to her 1938 Hollywood arrival and gained
significant notoriety for her libidinous 10 nude scene in the Czech
film 'Ecstasy' (1932). She was cast in many ro-mantic films
including 'Samson and Delilah' and 'My Favorite Spy' "Any girl can be
glamorous. All you have to do is stand still and look stupid"-- Hedy
Lamarr.
(MC, 9/11/01)
1913 Sep 13, Jesse Owens, track
and field athlete, was born. He was a four-gold medal win-ner at the
1936 Olympic games at Berlin.
(HFA, ‘96, p.38)(AHD, 1971, p.938)(HN, 9/12/98)
1913 Sep 14, The Lincoln Highway
Association announced the route of the Lincoln Highway. Its leaders,
particularly Henry Joy, President of the Packard Motor Car Company,
decided on as straight a route as possible and that decision dictated
the course. That initial line was 3,389 miles long. Less than half of
it, 1,598 miles, was improved. (Eventually, as segments of the route
were improved, the length shrunk to about 3,140 miles).
(www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/lincoln.cfm)
1913 Sep 14, Jacobo Guzman Arbenz
(d.1971), president of Guatemala (1951-54) was born. He was overthrown
by the CIA. Arbenz, soldier and nationalist politician and president
Guate-mala, was the son of a Swiss pharmacist who emigrated to
Guatemala, Arbenz joined a group of army officers that overthrew
dictator Jorge Ubico in 1944. Arbenz became president with the support
of army and leftists, including the Communist Party. His radical
policies, especially re-garding expropriation of portions of the United
Fruit Company holdings, led to a U.S. backed coup in 1954 and his
fleeing to Mexico. Arbenz died in 1971 in Mexico City.
(NG, 10/1988,)(HNQ,
1/14/00)(http://www.bookrags.com/biography/jacobo-arbenz-guzman/)
1913 Sep 15, John Mitchell
(d.1988), Pres. Nixon's attorney general (1969-1972), was born. Under
Nixon he was a central figure in the Watergate scandal and served time
in jail.
(http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mitchell5.html)
1913 Sep 21, The 1st aerobatic
maneuver, a sustained inverted flight, was performed in France.
(MC, 9/21/01)
1913 Sep 22, "7 Keys to Baldpate,"
by Earl Derr Biggers (Charlie Chan) premiered in NYC.
(MC, 9/22/01)
1913 Sep 22, Coal mine explosion
killed 263 at Dawson, New Mexico. [see Oct 22]
(MC, 9/22/01)
1913 Sep 23, Serbian troops
marched into Albania.
(MC, 9/23/01)
1913 Sep 26, Ernst Schnabel,
German sailor and dramatist (Anne Frank), was born.
(MC, 9/26/01)
1913 Sep 26, The first boat was
raised in the locks of the Panama Canal.
(HN, 9/26/99)
1913 Sep 28, Race riots in
Harriston, Mississippi, killed 10 people.
(HN, 9/28/98)
1913 Sep 29, The Treaty of
Constantinople was signed. Turkey obtained not only Adrianople, but
also Kirk Kilissé and Demotica. The Bulgarians were not even
left masters of the one rail-way leading to Dedeagatch, their sole port
on the Aegean Sea.
(www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/boshtml/bos151.htm)
1913 Fall, Henry Ford (1863-1947)
introduced the moving assembly line at his Highland Park, Mich., plant.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)(F, 10/7/96, p.67)
1913 Oct 3, A 1% US federal income
tax was signed into law. [see Oct 13]
(MC, 10/3/01)
1913 Oct 7, In attempting to find
ways to lower the cost of the automobile and make it more affordable to
ordinary Americans, Henry Ford took note of the work of efficiency
experts like Frederick Taylor, the "father of scientific management."
The result was the assembly line that reduced the time it took to
manufacture a car, from 12 hours to 93 minutes. Ford reversed the
slaughter house production process of removing parts from a moving line
to adding parts. Pro-duction more than doubled and the price of the
Model T was reduced from $600 to $550.
(HN, 10/7/00)(SFC, 6/13/03, p.B4)(ON, 3/03, p.4)
1913 Oct 10, Panama Canal was
completed when President Woodrow Wilson triggered a blast which
exploded the Gamboa Dike by pressing an electric button at the White
House in Washington, D.C. [see Oct 10, 1911]
(MC, 10/10/01)
1913 Oct 13, The 16th amendment to
the constitution was ratified and the modern income tax came into
being. It lifted the constitutional ban on income taxes. The levy was
1% of GDP and the highest rate was 7%. An exemption on the first
$20,000 in dividend income was revoked during WW I.
(SFC, 11/2/96, p.D1)(CyCEO, 6/3/97, p.1,8)(WSJ,
3/11/98, p.A20)(WSJ, 9/25/02, p.D8)
1913 Oct 14, An explosion in a
coal mine in Cardiff, Wales, killed 439.
(MC, 10/14/01)
1913 Oct 15, Klaus Barbie, gestapo
chief (Lyon), was born.
(MC, 10/15/01)
1913 Oct 17, Zeppelin LII exploded
over London, killing 28.
(HN, 10/17/98)
1913 Oct 18, Austrian-Hungary
demanded that Serbia and Albania leave.
(MC, 10/18/01)
1913 Oct 22, An explosion at
Dawson, NM, coal mine killed 263 mine workers. [see Sep 22]
(MC, 10/22/01)
1913 Oct 27, Pres. Wilson said US
will never attack another country.
(MC, 10/27/01)
1913 Oct 28, The "Krazy Kat" comic
strip by George Herriman (1880-1944) debuted as a daily comic strip in
the New York Evening Journal.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krazy_Kat)
1913 Nov 2, American actor Burt
Lancaster, was born.
(HN, 11/2/98)
1913 Nov 4, Gig Young, actor (They
Shoot Horses Don't They), was born in St. Cloud, Minn.
(MC, 11/4/01)
1913 Nov 5, Vivian Leigh, American
actress famous for her role as Scarlet O’Hare in "Gone With the Wind,"
was born.
(HN, 11/5/98)
1913 Nov 6, Mohandas K. Gandhi led
a march of Indian miners into Transvaal, South Africa. He was arrested
3 times during the 1st 4 days of the march. The miners had struck
because the Cape Colony Supreme Court Justice had ruled that only
Christian marriages registered by the Registrar of Marriages would be
considered legal.
(AP, 11/6/97)(ON, 9/03, p.5)
1913 Nov 7, Albert Camus (d.1960),
French philosopher, novelist, and dramatist best known for his book
"The Stranger" (1942) was born on an Algerian farm.
(WSJ, 12/12/97, p.A16)(HN, 11/7/98)
1913 Nov 9, Storm "Freshwater
Fury" sank 8 ore-carriers on Great Lakes.
(MC, 11/9/01)
1913 Nov 10, Carmen Miranda,
singer and actress (4 Jills in a Jeep, Down Argentine Way), was born.
(MC, 11/10/01)
1913 Nov 16, "Swann's Way," the
first volume of Marcel Proust's 7-part novel "Remembrance of Things
Past," was published.
(HN, 11/16/00)
1913 Nov 17, The first ship sailed
through the Panama Canal.
(HN, 11/17/98)
1913 Nov 22, Benjamin Britten
(d.1976), English composer, pianist and conductor, was born.
(WSJ, 7/26/99, p.A21)(HN, 11//00)
1913 Nov 25, Lewis Thomas,
physician and author, was born. His work included "The Lives of a Cell."
(HN, 11/25/00)
1913 Nov 26, Russian kingdom
forbade Polish congregation of speakers.
(MC, 11/26/01)
1913 Nov 28, Heavyweight Jack
Johnson KO’d Andre Spaul in Paris.
(DTnet, 11/28/97)
1913 Nov, Treaty of Bucharest
ended the Second Balkan War. The Great Powers recognized an independent
Albanian state. Demographics were ignored, however, and half of the
territories inhabited by Albanians (such as Kosova and Chameria) were
divided among Montenegro, Ser-bia and Greece.
(www, Albania, 1998)
1913 Dec 1, Mary Martin, American
actress famous for her roles in "South Pacific" and "The Sound of
Music," was born.
(HN, 12/1/98)
1913 Dec 1, The first drive-in
automobile service station, built by Gulf Refining Co., opened in
Pittsburgh. [see Cincinnati in 1912]
(AP, 12/1/06)
1913 Dec 1, Continuous moving
assembly line was introduced by Ford.
(MC, 12/1/01)
1913 Dec 2, The US Senate passed
the Raker Act which authorized SF rights to dam the Tuolumne River in
Yosemite National Park for water-collection and power-generation
facilities.
(www.sfwater.org/)
1913 Dec 6, President Woodrow
Wilson signed the Raker Act into law. It authorized SF rights to dam
the Tuolumne River in Yosemite National Park for water-collection and
power-generation facilities.
(www.sfwater.org/)
1913 Dec 7, Aaron Montgomery Ward
(b.1844), Chicago founder of the mail-order industry (1872), died.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Montgomery_Ward)
1913 Dec 8, Delmore Schwartz, poet
and writer, was born.
(HN, 12/8/00)
1913 Dec 12 ,
Authorities in Florence, Italy, announced that the Mona Lisa, stolen
from the Louvre Museum in Paris in 1911, had been recovered.
(AP, 12/12/97)
1913 Dec 14, Greece formally
annexed Crete.
(AP, 12/14/02)
1913 Dec 16, Charlie Chaplin began
his film career at Keystone for $150 a week.
(MC, 12/16/01)
1913 Dec 18, Willy Brandt, Mayor
of Berlin and Chancellor of West Germany, was born as Herbert
Frahm. He was chancellor from 1969-74 and won a Nobel Prize in
1971.
(HN, 12/18/98)(MC, 12/18/01)
1913 Dec 21, The first crossword
puzzle, created by Arthur Wynne, the English-born New York journalist,
was published in the New York World.
(AP,
12/21/97)(www.fun-with-words.com/first_crossword.html)
1913 Dec 23, The Federal Reserve
Act was signed by Pres. Woodrow Wilson. The Owen-Glass Act established
the decentralized, government-controlled banking system in the U.S.
known as the Federal Reserve. It repealed the gold standard and
replaced it with a system that ensured that the US dollar would be a
better store of value than gold. The act guarded against inflation but
allowed deflation. It was the first thorough reorganization of the
national banking system since the Civil War. The goal was to strive for
maximum employment and price stability
(Wired, 10/96, p.142)(WSJ, 3/7/97, p.A14)(HNQ,
10/16/99)(SSFC, 11/28/04, p.D1)
1913 Dec 27, Charles Moyer,
president of the Miners Union, was shot in the back and dragged through
the streets of Chicago.
(HN, 12/27/98)
1913 Dec 29, The 1st movie serial,
"Adventures of Kathlyn," premiered in Chicago.
(AP, 12/29/05)
1913 Dec, In Calumet, Mich., at a
Christmas Party for families of copper miners, somebody yelled fire and
caused a panic that led to the death of 72 people, mostly children.
(SFEC, 4/13/97, Z1 p.4)
1913 Philip H. Abelson (d.2004),
nuclear physicist, was born in Tacoma, Wa. In 1940 he and Edwin
McMillan discovered Neptunium, element No. 93.
(NH, 7/02, p.36)(SFC, 8/9/04, p.B6)
1913 Loretta Young (d.2000), film
actress, was born in Salt Lake City as Gretchen Michaela Young.
(SFEC, 8/13/00, p.B10)
1913 Arthur B. Davies helped
organize the Armory Show of modern art in New York. The ex-hibit
included works by Fauvists and Cubists which outraged traditional
artists. The show fea-tured "Nude Descending a Staircase," (1912) by
Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968), French painter.
(V.D.-H.K.p.361)(WSJ, 12/18/96, p.A18)
1913 Giacomo Balla created his
drawing: "Study for Abstract Speed."
(WSJ, 8/3/99, p.A20)
1913 Arthur Dove painted his
pastel "Sentimental Music."
(WSJ, 3/6/98, p.A13)
1913 Marcel Duchamp invented the
"Readymade," a piece of art created "not by the hand or skill but by
the mind and decision of the artist."
(WSJ, 12/18/96, p.A18)
1913 The Faberge Imperial rock
crystal egg with rose cut diamonds set in platinum was cre-ated for the
Czar. An American in 1994 paid $5.5 mil for the egg. Only 56 eggs were
commis-sioned by the czars and czarinas.
(SFEM, 6/9/96, p.19)
1913 Phillip Malyavin, Russian
artist, painted the portrait "Dancing woman."
(WSJ, 5/2/03, p.W6)
1913 John Singer Sargent ,
American painter, painted "The Sketchers."
(WSJ, 6/6/95, p.A-14)
1913 John Sloan painted "Movies."
It included the marquee advertising "A Romance of the Harem."
(WSJ, 8/11/00, p.W6)
1913 "The Chinese Cook Book" was
published by Chong Jan & Co.
(SFC, 2/19/96, zz-1 p.2)
1913 British economist Norman
Angell wrote "The Great Illusion." He predicted that a major war would
cause a global financial meltdown.
(WSJ, 7/8/96, p.C1)
1913 Charles Beard (1874-1948),
American historian, authored “An Economic Interpretation of the
Constitution of the United States.” It argues that the structure of the
Constitution of the US was motivated primarily by the personal
financial interests of the Founding Fathers.
(WSJ, 4/28/09,
p.A11)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Beard)
1913 Elsie De Wolfe authored "The
House in Good Taste" and marked the beginning of the profession of
interior decorating.
(SFC, 9/9/00, p.B4)
1913 Jack London settled in Glen
Ellen, California. His book "Valley of the Moon" described the local
area. He built a model farm in the Glen Ellen hillsides and called it
Beauty Ranch. the property included a man-made lake, blacksmith shop,
cooperage, winery, barns, silos, bath-houses, and a deluxe pig sty. A
magnificent mansion called Wolf House was to crown the ranch but it
burned down just before he moved in.
(WCG, p.68)
1913 Wesley Clair Mitchell,
professor at Columbia, authored "Business Cycles and Their Causes."
(NW, 10/7/02, p.50)
1913 "Sons and Lovers" was
published.
(WSJ, 9/3/98, p.A16)
1913 Edith Wharton authored her
novel "The Custom of the Country."
(SSFC, 1/14/01, BR p.8)
1913 The Toonerville Folks comic
strip by Fontaine Fox began about this time and continued to 1955.
After a few years the strip was often named the Toonerville Trolley, a
funny electric streetcar featured in the strip. Mickey McGuire was a
character in the strip and was played by a child actor named Joe Yule
Jr. in several silent movies. Yule took the McGuire name for him-self,
but was sued by Fox. He then changed his name to Mickey Rooney.
(SFC, 11/7/07, p.G8)
1913 Vaslav Nijinsky created the
ballet "Jeux" to music by Claude Debussy.
(WSJ, 11/12/01, p.A20)
1913 Visiting America with a
touring company, Charlie Chaplin was cast in his first film, "Mak-ing a
Living." Although historians are not certain when the "little tramp"
was created, Chaplin remains most readily identified with that beloved
character.
(AP, 4/16/00)
1913 The first film by Hollywood’s
first major movie studio "The Squaw Man" was produced. The studio was
formed by Jesse L. Lasky, his brother-in-law Samuel Goldwyn and friend
Cecil B. DeMille.
(SFC, 9/19/96, p.E4)
1913 The opera "The Glass Blowers"
by John Philip Sousa was first performed.
(WSJ, 8/2/00, p.A12)
1913 The song "Peg o’ My Heart"
came out.
(SFC, 9/9/00, p.B4)
1913 Arnold Schoenberg composed
his cantata "Gurrelieder."
(WSJ, 1/31/02, p.A16)
1913 The Grand Central Terminal in
NYC was built by Cornelius Vanderbilt at 42nd and Park Ave. It was
extensively remodeled in 1998.
(WSJ, 12/9/04, p.D10)
1913 In Detroit the Michigan
Central Depot railway station opened on Michigan Ave. It was designed
by the same architects responsible for NYC’s Grand Central Station. The
last train departed from the station in January, 1988, after which the
structure was stripped by vandals. In 2009 it continued to stand, under
owner Manuel Moroun, a trucking and real estate mogul, even as a dead
body was found at the bottom of an elevator shaft.
(LSA, Spring, 2009, p.66)
1913 The New York Times building
was constructed. [see 1904]
(SFEM, 1/16/00, p.22)
1913 The 60-story, 792-foot
Woolworth Building by architect Cass Gilbert was completed at 233
Broadway and became the tallest building in the world. The Woolworth
Building in New York reigned as the world's tallest building from its
opening until the Chrysler Building was completed in 1930. It was first
conceived in 1910 with a simple drawing by architect Cass Gil-bert.
Commissioned by retail giant Frank Winfield Woolworth as the
headquarters of his "five and ten cent" store chain, the Woolworth
Building was the first to utilize many key develop-ments in skyscraper
technology. The building was supported by a foundation of concrete
piers sunk below street level to bedrock. Men worked in caissons, or
chambers kept dry with high-pressure air, to sink the foundation below
the water line. Above ground, the building's steel framework rose 792
feet--very tall for its day--and its wind bracing was highly developed.
High-speed express and local elevators were also used in this building,
which instantly became a symbol of the vitality of New York. Gilbert
dressed it in Gothic raiment.
(HT, 5/97, p.24)(HNPD, 2/27/99)(WSJ, 5/28/02, p.D7)
1913 The San Francisco Civic
Auditorium was constructed. It was damaged by the 1987 earthquake and
was shut down for 19 months for repairs.
(WSJ, 11/16/95, p.A-18)
1913 In San Francisco the 1910
67,000-square-foot building designed by architect Newton Tharp, was
moved brick by brick to 170 Fell St. It was used by the SF Unified
School District for administration until the 1989 earthquake.
(SFC, 1/7/98, p.A15)
1913 Notre Dame des Victoires
church in San Francisco was built on Bush Street.
(SFCM, 4/30/06,
p.4)(www.noehill.com/sf/landmarks/sf173.asp)
1913 In San Francisco the 11-story
Flatiron Building, designed by Havens and Toepke, was built at 540
market St.
(SSFC, 4/12/09, p.B3)
1913 The Bain Morgan bath house in
Montreal was constructed for C$300,000.
(Hem., 12/96, p.64)
1913 Industrialist Charles Gates
introduced the 1st residential air-conditioning in his Minnea-polis
mansion.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R37)
1913 Hill Auditorium at the Univ.
of Michigan was constructed. The 4,200 seat auditorium was a gift from
regent Arthur Hill. In 1978 it was added to the National Register of
Historical Places.
(LSA., Fall 1995, p.15)
1913 Strombeck-Becker
Manufacturing Co. of Moline Illinois was incorporated by J.F.
Strom-beck and R.D. Becker. They made wooden handles and tent poles and
expanded into toys in 1919 and dollhouse furniture in 1931. In 1962 the
company dropped out of the toy business.
(SFC, 8/20/08, p.G4)
1913 Mary McAboy of Missoula,
Montana, began hand-making Skookum Indian dolls and ac-quired a patent
for it in 1914. Skookum was a Siwash Indian word that roughly means
bully good.
(SFC, 6/17/98, Z1 p.3)(SFC, 3/16/05, p.G4)
1913 Joe’s Stone Crab eatery in
Miami Beach opened for business.
(Hem. 1/95, p. 57)
1913 Peppermint Life Savers were
introduced.
(SFC, 9/9/00, p.B4)
1913 Kamerlingh Onnes of Holland
won the Nobel Prize for liquefying helium. His major dis-covery was
superconductivity, the elimination of electrical resistance at very
cold temperatures. In 1999 Tom Shachtman described the event in his
book "Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold."
(WSJ, 12/10/99, p.W12)
1913 Knute Rockne, football coach
at Notre Dame, popularized the forward pass.
(WSJ, 6/9/04, p.D8)
1913 The New York Highlanders
American League baseball team officially adopted the “Yan-kees” name.
Newspapers have begun calling them the “Yanks” as early as 1904. Fans
had ear-lier called them “the Americans” due to their league
affiliation.
(ON, 6/09, p.11)
1913 Small Balkan War broke out,
again quelled by major powers.
(V.D.-H.K.p.290)
1913 US Pres. Woodrow Wilson, a
Virginian, ordered the federal workers in Washington to be segregated.
(SFC, 5/12/96, p.A-6)
1913 The US Post Office first set
up contract stations to reduce congestion at a town’s main post office.
(SFEC, 9/29/96, C13)
1913 The US Virus Serum Toxin Act
gave the USDA authority to ensure that veterinary diag-nostic kits are
safe and accurate and to decide where cattle can be tested and for what.
(WSJ, 3/904, p.A8)(SFC, 4/10/04, p.A3)
1913 New York state passed “the
eight foot sheet law” to ensure that the upper sheet in a hotel was of
sufficient length to cover the face so “that the inhalation by the
occupant of bacteria &c, may be prevented.”
(WSJ, 10/4/08, p.W8)
1913 The Wilson Tariff Act banned
the plume trade.
(NH, 9/96, p.8)
1913 The US buffalo nickel, also
known as the Indian head nickel, went into circulation. It con-tinued
to 1938.
(SFC, 4/25/03, B3)(WSJ, 12/12/03, p.W15)
1913 Engraver George T. Morgan is
believed to have produced 5 Liberty Head V nickels at the Philadelphia
Mint. In 2004 one sold for $3 million.
(WSJ, 5/20/04, p.C1)
1913 Julian Hawthorne, son of
Nathanial and one time editor of the New York World, was ar-rested on a
mail fraud charge. He ended his career writing for "Good Words," the
first newspa-per in any federal penitentiary.
(SFEC, 10/6/96, zone 1 p.4)
1913 A Massachusetts state law
prohibited non-residents from getting married in the state if their
union would not be legal in their home state. The law was repealed in
2008.
(SFC, 5/19/04, p.A3)(SFC, 8/1/08, p.A4)
1913 Copper miners walked off the
job Calumet, Mich. Workers demanded higher wages, shorter hours and
return to the 2-man drill. The strike is described by Jerry Stanley in
"Big An-nie of Calumet: A True Story of the Industrial Revolution."
(SFEC, 9/29/96, BR p.10)
1913 In Goodsprings, Nevada, the
Pioneer Saloon opened. In 2006 Noel Scheckells, a Las Vegas
entrepreneur, purchased it. In 2007 Nevada added the saloon to its
Register of Historic Places.
(SSFC, 4/27/08, p.A6)
1913 Anderson, Delany & Co.,
an accounting firm, was formed in Chicago. The firm was re-named Arthur
Anderson in 1918. Arthur Anderson (28), accounting professor, was a
co-founder.
(SFC, 3/15/02, p.A15)(WSJ, 5/1/02, p.B1)(WSJ,
6/7/02, p.A6)
1913 Theodore Vail, president of
AT&T, signed the Kingsbury Commitment a became a gov-ernment
approved monopoly. He agreed to stop acquiring companies and allow
competitors to interconnect with the Bell Telephone System.
(WSJ, 10/26/00, p.A12)(SFC, 7/23/04, p.C1)
1913 Brillo pads were introduced.
(SFC, 9/9/00, p.B4)
1913 The US firm Harley-Davidson
opened its 1st motorcycle dealership in St. Petersburg, Russia. It
closed in 1917. In 2005 it opened a new dealership opened in Moscow.
(SFC, 5/13/05, p.C2)
1913 Bela Schick devised the
"Schick test," which had a dramatic effect on the incidence of
diphtheria. The skin test determined a patient’s susceptibility to
diphtheria. Mass surveys fol-lowed by immunization of Schick-positive
children with inactive toxin resulted in a drastic de-crease in the
incidence of the disease.
(HNQ, 6/8/99)
1913 The oil refining process
called thermal cracking was invented.
(WSJ, 9/13/99, p.R4)
1913 Niels Bohr proposed that
electrons behave in quantum fashion. They remained in fixed orbits and
moved from one orbit to another - in quantum leaps - when they emitted
or absorbed energy.
(NG, May 1985, J. Boslough, p. 642)
1913 Franz Schneider patented a
gun synchronizing device in Germany, France and Great Britain. In 1915
it was developed as the "Fokker Scourge" to fire bullets through an
airplanes propellers.
(ON, 10/02, p.8)
1913 A temperature of 134 degrees
was recorded in Death Valley. It was the highest ever re-corded in the
US.
(SFEC, 11/14/99, p.T6)
1913 Charles Dawson and Teilhard
de Chardin found the canine tooth that was needed to identify their
1912 jaw as human and not ape.
(Pac. Disc., summer, ‘96, p.48)
1913 The steamer Pomo sank off the
coast of northern California in a gale.
(SFC, 9/26/97, p.A23)
1913 In Pennsylvania a fire at the
Red Ash colliery ignited a coal mine. As of 2009 it was still burning
and was the oldest of 36 ongoing mine fires.
(Econ, 3/14/09, p.34)
1913 In Alabama a white man was
executed for murdering a black man.
(SFC, 6/6/97, p.A3)
1913 Josephine Garis Cochrane
(73), inventor of the Garis-Cochran Dishwashing Machine, died. Her
company was sold to Hobart manufacturing and her appliance was renamed
the KitchenAid. It was later acquired by Whirlpool Corp.
(ON, 4/00, p.12)
1913 Baron Corvo (b.1860) died.
A.J.A. Symons later authored "The Quest for Corvo." Corvo’s work
included "Hadrian the Seventh."
(WSJ, 7/6/01, p.W11)
1913 J. P. Morgan (b.1837),
financier and art collector, died. In 1990 Ron Chernow published "The
House of Morgan." In 1999 Jean Strouse published "Morgan: American
Financier."
(SFC, 2/15/97, p.D1)(WSJ, 3/30/99, p.A24)(WSJ,
9/14/00, p.A26)
1913 Former slave Harriet Tubman
was given a military funeral upon her death for her service as a nurse
during the Civil War. Already well known for her work to help slaves
escape via the Underground Railroad, Massachusetts Governor John A.
Andrew asked Tubman to help nurse in the military camps early in the
war. Late in her life she was awarded a military pension.
(HNQ, 7/13/99)
1913 Alfred Russel Wallace
(b.1823), naturalist, died. He developed the theory of evolution by
natural selection at the same time as did Charles Darwin. In 2001 Peter
Raby authored "Alfred Russel Wallace: A Life." In 2002 Michael Shermer
authored "Darwin’s Shadow: The Life and Science of Alfred Russel
Wallace.
(NH, 2/02, p.74)
1913 Ricardo Roth Schutz, a guide
of Swiss descent, began leading groups of tourists across Lakes
Crossing (Cruce de Lagos), linking Bariloche in northern Argentina to
Puerto Varas in Chile’s Lakes District.
(SSFC, 1/6/08, p.G4)
1913 Arthur Bernstein, later named
Sir Arthur Gilbert, was born in Golders Green, North Lon-don. His
Gilbert Collection was donated to the Queen Mother in 2000 and
installed at Somerset House.
(WSJ, 6/15/00, p.A24)
1913 London stopped published
archives of the Old Bailey as newspapers began publishing details of
court cases. By 2008 the archives, going back to 1694, were digitized
and made available on line.
(Econ, 5/3/08, p.65)
1913 In Denmark the bronze statue
of the Little Mermaid, a character from a Hans Christian Anderson
story, was installed in the harbor. It was commissioned by Carl
Jacobsen, founder of the Carlsberg Beer Co., and created by Edvard
Eriksen. [see 1964]
(SFC,11/5/97, p.C2)
1913 Frank Shuman, American
inventor, created the first large solar pumping station in Meadi, Egypt.
(Econ, 6/6/09, TQ p.23)
1913 The avant-garde of pre-WW I
Paris was chronicled in 1958 by Roger Shattuck’s "The Banquet Years."
(WSJ, 9/18/98, p.W8)
1913 France enacted legislation
requiring owners of protected buildings to maintain them and protect
them from damage.
(Hem. 1/95, p. 68)
1913 Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel
opened a milliner's shop [in Paris] with funds from her lover.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R34)
1913 Dr. Albert Schweitzer
(1875-1965) and his wife Hélène moved to Gabon and opened
a hospital in Lambarene, on the banks of the Ogooue River. The area was
then know as French Equatorial Africa. He later expanded it with money
from his 1952 Nobel Peace Prize. Born near Alsace, Germany, Schweitzer
decided to devote himself to providing health care to people in Africa
at the age of 30. Schweitzer also spoke out against the dangers of
nuclear weapons, be-came an organist and expert on Johann Sebastian
Bach, and served as a church pastor and university professor. He lived
by the principle of "reverence for life."
(HNPD, 9/4/98)(T&L, 10/80, p. 162)
1913 An imperial edict based
nationality on bloodlines rather than birthplace and laid the base for
Germany’s citizenship law. The law was set for change in 1998
(SFC, 3/28/98, p.A9)(SFC, 10/15/98, p.A13)
1913 Germany launched the SS
Vaterland, a passenger ship. It happened to be in NY harbor when war
broke out in 1914 and was not allowed to leave. The US Navy seized it
in 1917 for a troop carrier as the US entered the war. After the war it
served as an American passenger liner under the name Leviathan and
continued service to 1938.
(SFC, 8/8/07, p.G2)
1913 The German Tendaguru
expedition to East Africa (later Tanzania) yielded a huge collec-tion
of dinosaur bones from the late Jurassic. The collection was taken to
the Berlin Museum of Natural History.
(WSJ, 1/31/03, p.A1)
1913 The 9,538-foot Mount Olympus
in Greece was scaled for the 1st time. For years its slopes had
provided a hideout for revolutionaries and bandits.
(SSFC, 8/8/04, p.D3)
1913 The boundary between Iraq and
Kuwait was defined.
(SFC, 2/24/98, p.A9)
1913 Eamon de Valera (31),
mathematics teacher in Dublin, joined the Irish Volunteers, a group
that was preparing to use violence to win Ireland’s independence.
(ON, 9/04, p.5)
1913 In Italy Teatrale alla Scala
had its formal opening in Milan on the end floor of the pavilion known
as the Casino Ricordi. It contained the Jules Sambon collection, a
horde of items per-taining not only to La Scala but to all areas of
theater put up for sale in 1911 and acquired by the City of Milan.
(Civil., Jul-Aug., ‘95, p.90)
1913 In Mexico a coup led by
Victoriano Huerta and encouraged by US Ambassador Lane Wilson overthrew
and murdered Pres. Madero.
(WSJ, 8/13/97, p.A12)
1913 The Banco Mercantil in
Monterrey, Mexico faced demands by rebel troops to pay tribute to the
Revolution or close. The bank spirited millions of dollars in gold
bullion to Laredo, Texas. It survived the hostilities by operating
"offshore" and returned home in 1916.
(WSJ, 4/1/96, p.A-10)
1913 The Chagres River in Panama
was dammed for the construction of Panama Canal and a 4,000 acre island
was formed called Barro Colorado. Ten years later the island was set
aside for scientific research.
(Smith, 5/95, p.10)
1913 In Serbia the Roman Catholic
archbishop of Skopje wrote about Prizren following the collapse of the
Ottoman Empire as Serbs massacred Albanians: "They knock on the doors
of Albanian houses, take away the men and shoot them immediately… As
for plunder looting and rape, all that goes without saying. Henceforth
the order of the day is: Everything is permitted against the Albanians
- not merely permitted but willed and commended.
(SFEC, 6/20/99, p.A16)
1913 A South African Land Act
reserved 87% of the country’s land for the white minority.
(Econ, 7/25/05, p.38)
1913-1914 This period in Vienna, Austria, is
documented by Frederic Morton in Nervous Splendor: Vienna 1913-1914.
(WSJ, 4/12/95, A-12)
1913-1916 Ezra Pound spent 3 winters with W.B. Yeats
as the poets artistic prod and secretary.
(SFEC, 6/18/00, BR p.10)
1913-1916 Sir Aurel Stein made his 3rd expedition
along the Silk Road.
(AM, 7/00, p.72)
1913-1921 Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of
the US.
(A&IP, ESM, p.96b, photo)
1913-1921 Thomas Riley Marshall served as
vice-president. "What this country needs is a really good five-cent
cigar."
(NW, 12/17/01, p.51)
1913-1927 Marcel Proust (1871-1922), French novelist
wrote his 7-volume "Remembrance of Things Past." In 1998 it was turned
into a comic book series.
(WSJ, 2/11/06, p.P18)
1913-1934 Walter Duranty served as the Moscow
correspondent for the New York Times and sup-plied supportive and
untrue copy on the successes of Bolshevism/Communism.
(WSJ, 2/14/96, p.A-15)
1913-1944 The "Krazy Kat" cartoon by George Harriman
ran as a comic strip.
(SFC, 1/18/97, p.D1)
1913-1967 Ad Reinhardt, painter. A retrospective was
held at the LA MOCA in 1991.
(SFEC, 11/22/98, p.D7)
1913-1991 Sir Angus Wilson, novelist, short-story
writer, critic and biographer of Dickens and Kipling. He made his debut
in 1949 with "The Wrong Set," a collection of stories. "Anglo-Saxon
Attitudes" (1956) has been called his best work. His biography was
written in 1996 by Margaret Drabble and titled: "Angus Wilson: A
Biography."
(WSJ, 5/14/96, p.A-20)(SFC, 6/3/96, BR p.5)
1913-1996 May 30, Alexander Langsdorf Jr., American
physicist. He helped develop the atomic bomb and provided some of the
first usable plutonium from a cyclotron. He was also one of the
designers of the first two nuclear reactors and invented the diffusion
cloud chamber. He died on 5/24/96.
(SFC, 5/26/96, p.C-10)
1913-1998 Prof. Reinhardt M. Rosenberg, the father of
nonlinear modes. His work in mechanical engineering and dynamics
culminated in his text "Analytical Dynamics of Discrete Systems. He and
his students developed mathematical models of the electrical activity
of the human heart.
(SFC, 8/25/98, p.B2)
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