Timeline 1879-1882
Return to home
1879 Jan 1,
E.M. [Edward Morgan] Forster (d.1970), English novelist famous for
"A Passage to India" and "A Room With a View," was born in London.
His novels exemplified his ideas about the conflict between the
imaginative and the earthy component of the human soul and
character.
(V.D.-H.K.p.366)(HN, 1/1/99)
1879 Jan 1, William Fox, US
film pioneer (Nickelodeon), was born.
(MC, 1/1/02)
1879 Jan 3, Grace Coolidge
(Goodhue) First Lady: wife of 30th U.S. President Calvin Coolidge
[1923-29], was born.
(440 Int'l. 1/3/99)
1879 Jan 5, The shares of
Homestake Mining Co. began trading on the NY Stock Exchange.
(WSJ, 1/5/00, p.CA1)
1879 Jan 11, The Zulu war
against British colonial rule in South Africa began. [see Jan 12]
(MC, 1/11/02)
1879 Jan 12, British-Zulu War
began as British troops under Lieutenant General Frederic Augustus
invaded Zululand from the southern African republic of Natal. [see
Jan 11]
(MC, 1/12/02)
1879 Jan 22, In South Africa
battles at Isandlwana Zulu impis or regiments armed with spears and
shields killed around 1,300 British troops bearing rifles. Private
Samuel Wassall lived through the battle and was awarded the Victoria
Cross along with 14 others.
(AFP, 2/5/07)(Econ, 2/10/07, p.91)
1879 Jan 22-24, Eighty-two
British soldiers with rifles held off attacks by 4,000 Zulu warriors
with spears at the Battle of Rorke's Drift in South Africa. A large
British troop had just been massacred prior to this battle. The 1964
film Zulu was based on this event.
(History Channel, 4/9/98)(HN, 1/22/00)
1879 Feb 5, Joseph Swan
demonstrated a light bulb using carbon glow.
(MC, 2/5/02)
1879 Feb 10, The 1st electric
arc light was used in a California Theater. The first electric arc
lights were installed in Cleveland in this year. Some women
complained that the white light blanched their complexions in a most
ghastly manner.
(MC, 2/10/02)(SFC, 11/30/96, p.B5)
1879 Feb 11, Honore Daumier
(b.1808), French caricaturist, painter, died.
(WUD, 1994 p.369)(
www.britannica.com/eb/article-9029447)
1879 Feb 12, 1st artificial ice
rink in North America was at Madison Square Garden, NYC. [see May
31]
(MC, 2/12/02)
1879 Feb 15, President Hayes
signed a bill allowing female attorneys to argue cases before the
Supreme Court.
(AP, 2/15/98)(440 Int’l., 2/15/99)
1879 Feb 22, Frank Winfield
Woolworth's 'nothing over five cents' shop opened at Utica, New
York. It was the first chain store. The "Great 5-Cent Store" failed
within weeks.
(SFC,10/20/97, p.B2)(AP, 2/22/99)(HN, 2/22/99)
1879 Feb 25, Congress passed
the 1st Timberland Protection Act.
(MC, 2/25/02)
1879 Feb 26, Mabel Dodge Luhan,
American biographer, was born.
(HN, 2/26/01)
1879 Feb 27, Constantine
Fahlberg discovered saccharin, an artificial sweetener.
(MC, 2/27/02)
1879 Feb 28, In the "Exodus of
1879" southern blacks fled political and economic exploitation.
(MC, 2/28/02)
1879 Mar 1, Library of Hawaii
was founded.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1879 Mar 2, Julia Martha Thomas
(55), a wealthy widow, was killed by her housekeeper Kate Webster
(29) very close to Park Road in well-to-do Richmond, England, but
her head was never found. Webster was tried and executed, but
Thomas’ head was never found until it was unearthed in October,
2010, by workmen building an extension at the home of David
Attenborough, the face of BBC natural history programs for more than
50 years. In 2011 the skull was formally recognized as that of Julia
Martha Thomas.
(AFP, 7/6/11)
1879 Mar 3, US geological
survey director was authorized in Department of the Interior.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1879 Mar 3, Belva Ann Bennett
Lockwood became the first woman to be admitted to practice before
the U.S. Supreme Court.
(AP, 3/3/05)
1879 Mar 8, Otto Hahn, German
co-discoverer of nuclear fission, was born. He received a Nobel
Prize in 1944.
(HN, 3/8/98)(MC, 3/8/02)
1879 Mar 12, The British Zulu
War began. Colonel Henry Evelyn Wood had expected little trouble as
his cavalry ascended Hlobane Mountain. What he got was a Zulu army,
22,000 men strong.
(HN, 3/12/98)
1879 Mar 13, New England
Telephone and Bell Telephone merged to become the National Bell
Telephone Co.
(SFEM, 1/11/98, p.13)
1879 Mar 14, Physicist Albert
Einstein, mathematician best known for his theories on relativity
was born in Ulm, Germany. He received the Physics Nobel Prize in
1921.
(CFA, ‘96,Vol 179, p.42)(AP, 3/14/97)(HN,
3/14/02)(MC, 3/15/02)
1879 Mar 17, The US Supreme
Court in Wilkerson v. Utah ruled that Utah could use a firing squad
for capital punishment.
(http://supreme.justia.com/us/99/130/case.html)
1879 Mar 19, Jim Currie opened
fire on the actors Maurice Barrymore and Ben Porter near Marshall,
Texas. His shots wounded Barrymore and killed Porter.
(HN, 3/19/99)
1879 Mar 25, Japan invaded the
kingdom of Liuqiu (Ryukyu) Islands, formerly a vassal of China. The
Ruykyuan monarchy was abolished and the islands were annexed to
create the Okinawa Prefecture. Prior to this Okinawa had paid
tribute to both Japan and China.
(HN, 3/25/99)(SSFC, 3/11/01, Par p.5)(NH, 9/01,
p.56)
1879 Mar 27, Edward Steichen,
pioneer of American photography, was born.
(HN, 3/27/98)
1879 Mar 28, British mounted
troops under Colonel Henry Evelyn Wood went up Hlobane Mountain to
battle the Zulus—only to be surrounded by a 22,000-man impi (army).
Lieutenant Colonel Redvers Buller, received the Victoria Cross for
his gallantry during the difficult withdrawal of his troopers from
the mountain. Hlobane was the worst rout of British cavalry—and the
last Zulu victory—of the Anglo-Zulu War in South Africa.
(HN, 3/12/98)(HN, 3/28/99)
1879 Mar 29, Tchaikovsky’s
opera "Yevgeny Onegin," premiered in Moscow.
(MC, 3/29/02)
1879 Mar 29, Some 2,000 British
and Colonial troops of the 90th Light Infantry Regiment under the
command of Colonel Henry Evelyn Wood repulsed a major attack by
20,000 Zulu tribesmen at Kambula, Zululand. Jubilant over their
victory at Hlobane the day before, the Zulus prepared to finish off
the British at Khambula. This time, however, the outcome was
different as the Zulus vainly assaulted British foes who were dug in
and ready for them. The assault, depicted in "The Battle of
Khambula" by Angus McBride, ended in failure for the Zulus, leaving
them doubting for the first time their ability to win the Anglo-Zulu
War.
(HN, 3/29/99)(MC, 3/29/02)
1879 Apr 8, Milk was sold in
glass bottles for the 1st time.
(MC, 4/8/02)
1879 Apr 9, W.C. Fields (Claude
William Dukinfield [Dukenfield]), comedian, was born in
Philadelphia. He began his career as a vaudeville juggler, appeared
on Broadway and in motion pictures. [see Jan 29, 1880]
(HN, 4/9/98)(HNQ, 9/30/01)
1879 Apr 16, Saint Bernadette,
who had described seeing visions of the Virgin Mary at Lourdes, died
in Nevers, France.
(AP, 4/16/04)
1879 Apr 20, The first mobile
home (horse drawn) was used in a journey from London to Cyprus.
[what about Gypsy wagons, Conestoga wagons?]
(HN, 4/20/98)
1879 Apr 29, Sir Thomas
Beecham, founder of London Philharmonic, was born.
(HN, 4/29/98)
1879 Apr, In Indiana a fire
struck the Catholic college of Notre Dame. The administration
building and several others were destroyed.
(WSJ, 11/8/01, p.A22)
1879 May 16, Antonin Dvorak's
"Slavonic Dances" premiered.
(MC, 5/16/02)
1879 May 16, Wallace Wilkerson
was executed by firing squad in Utah. It was so disgraceful that one
newspaper, the Ogden Junction, sarcastically reminded the state that
"the French guillotine never fails." It was 27 minutes before he
could be pronounced dead.
(http://historytogo.utah.gov/salt_lake_tribune/in_another_time/012896.html)
1879 May 16, Treaty of Gandamak
between Russia and England set up the state of Afghanistan.
(HN, 5/16/98)
1879 May 19, Lord Waldorf
Astor, British publisher, was born.
(HN, 5/19/98)
1879 May 19, Lady Nancy Astor
(Nancy Witcher Langhorne) was born. She was the first woman to sit
in the British House of Commons.
(HN, 5/19/99)
1879 May 21, The Battle of
Iquiquw was fought.
(HN, 5/21/98)
1879 May 24, William Lloyd
Garrison (73), abolitionist (Liberator), died.
(MC, 5/24/02)
1879 May 25, W. Maxwell Aitken,
Lord Beaverbrook, Canada-English banker, was born.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1879 May 30, Gilmore Garden in
NYC was renamed Madison Square Garden.
(MC, 5/30/02)
1879 May 31, New York’s Madison
Square Garden opened its doors.
(HN, 5/31/98)
1879 May 31, 1st electric
railway opened at the Berlin Trades Exposition.
(MC, 5/31/02)
1879 Jun 16, Gilbert &
Sullivan's "HMS Pinafore" debuted at Bowery Theater in NYC.
(MC, 6/16/02)
1879 Jun 21, Umberto
Brunelleschi, Italian cartoonist, illustrator (Candide), was born.
(MC, 6/21/02)
1879 Jun 21, F.W. Woolworth
opened his 1st store. It failed almost immediately. Frank Woolworth
added 10-cent items to the Great 5-Cent Store in Lancaster, Pa., and
created Woolworth’s five-and-ten. This was his 2nd attempt after a
failure in Utica. He took in $127 during his first day of business.
(WSJ, 9/26/96, p.B1)(SFC,10/20/97, p.B2)(MC,
6/21/02)
1879 Jul 4, Afrikaner Union was
formed by Rev SJ du Toit at Cape colony.
(Maggio, 98)
1879 Jul 4, Battle at Rorkes
Drift: Britain ended attack on Zulus.
(Maggio, 98)
1879 Jul 5, Dwight Filley Davis
(d. Nov 28, 1945 at 66), hall of famer, tennis player, presidential
aide, and Sec of War under Coolidge. He donated tennis’s Davis Cup
in 1945.
(DTnet, 11/28/97)(MC, 7/5/02)
1879 Jul 7, George Caleb
Bingham (b.1811), artist and legislator, died in Kansas City, Mo.
His paintings included “The Jolly Flatboatmen,” which became a
best-seller in 1846 after it was chosen by the American Art Union
for its annual engraving.
(WSJ, 11/3/07,
p.W16)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Caleb_Bingham)
1879 Jul 8, The first ship to
use electric lights departed from San Francisco, California.
(HN, 7/8/98)
1879 Jul 8, The steamship USS
Jeannette under Lt. George W. De Long departed San Francisco on an
expedition to reach the North Pole. [see June 12, 1881]
(ON, 2/05, p.1)
1879 Jul 9, Ottorino Respighi,
composer (Pines of Rome), was born in Bologna, Italy.
(MC, 7/9/02)
1879 Aug 8, Emiliano Zapata,
Mexican revolutionary who occupied Mexico City three times, was born
in Anenecuilco, Morelos state, Mexico.
(HN, 8/8/98)(WUD, 1994 p.1659)(Internet)
1879 Aug 12, The 1st National
Archery Association tournament was held in Chicago.
(SC, 8/12/02)
1879 Aug 13, John N. Ireland,
English composer, pianist (Mai-Dun), was born.
(MC, 8/13/02)
1879 Aug 23, Governor-general
Charles Gordon of Sudan returned to Cairo.
(MC, 8/23/02)
1879 Aug 28, Cetewayo (or
Cetshwayo), last of the great Zulu kings, was captured by the
British at the end of the Zulu wars.
(RTH, 8/28/99)
1879 Aug 29, Jeanne Jugan
(b.1792), a French nun, died. She had helped found the Little
Sisters of the Poor. In 2009 she was canonized as a saint of the
Catholic Church.
(AP,
10/11/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_Jugan)
1879 Aug 30, John Bell Hood
(b.1831), former confederate general, died of yellow fever in a New
Orleans epidemic.
(AH, 10/02,
p.46)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bell_Hood)
1879 Sep 10, Pacific Coast Oil
Co. was founded in San Francisco by Lloyd Tevis, George Loomis and
Charles Felton. In 1906 it became Standard Oil Co. (California). In
1926 it became Standard Oil Co. of California (Socal). In 1984 it
became Chevron Corp. In 2001 it became ChevronTexaco. In 2005 it was
renamed Chevron Corp.
(SFC, 10/20/04, p.C6)(SFC, 5/10/05, p.D1)
1879 Sep 14, Margaret Sanger
(d.1966), feminist, nurse, birth control proponent, was born in
Corning, NY. [see Sep 14, 1883]
(www.who2.com/margaretsanger.html)
1879 Sep 17, Andrew "Rube"
Foster, father of the Negro baseball leagues, was born.
(HN, 9/17/98)
1879 Sep 20, Former Pres.
Ulysses S. Grant arrived in San Francisco aboard the steamship City
of Tokio. He was in a bad mood because a steward had just emptied a
glass of water with his false teeth through a porthole.
(Ind, 2/17/00, 5A)
1879 Sep 23, Richard Rhodes
invented a hearing aid called the Audiophone.
(MC, 9/23/01)
1879 Sep 29, John Wise
(b.1808), balloonist, drowned when his "Pathfinder" long-distance
balloon fell into Lake Huron.
(ON, 11/00, p.8)
1879 Sep 29, Dissatisfied Ute
Indians killed Agent Nathan Meeker and nine others in the "Meeker
Massacre."
(HN, 9/29/98)
1879 Sep, James McNeill
Whistler (1834-1903), artist, arrived in Venice following a lawsuit
against critic John Ruskin that awarded him a single farthing.
(SFC, 2/15/03, p.D5)
1879 Oct 2, Wallace Stevens,
poet, was born.
(HN, 10/2/00)
1879 Oct 2, A dual alliance was
formed between Austria and Germany, in which the two countries
agreed to come to the other’s aid in the event of aggression.
(HN, 10/2/98)
1879 Oct 4, Edward Murray East,
botanist, was born. His research led to the development of hybrid
corn.
(HN, 10/4/00)
1879 Oct 8, Former Pres.
Ulysses S. Grant was treated to a reception by Nevada Senator
William Sharon at the old Ralston mansion in Belmont, Ca. Grant had
just finished a tour around the world.
(Ind, 7/1/00,5A)
1879 Oct 9, Max von Laue,
German physicist, was born.
(HN, 10/9/00)
1879 Oct 12, British troops
occupied Kabul, Afghanistan.
(MC, 10/12/01)
1879 Oct 19, Thomas Edison
demonstrated the electric light. [see Oct 21]
(MC, 10/19/01)
1879 Oct 21, Thomas Edison
perfected his carbonized cotton filament light bulb after 14 months
of testing at his laboratory in Menlo Park, N.J. It was the first
incandescent electric lamp. The bulb burned for about 13 ½
hours.
(AP, 10/21/97)(HN, 10/21/02)(AH, 10/04, p.15)
1879 Oct 26, Leon Trotsky
(d.1940), a leader of the Bolshevik Revolution, was born. "Old age
is the most unexpected of all the things that happen to a man." [see
Nov 7,8]
(AP, 8/21/98)(HN, 10/26/98)
1879 Oct 29, Franz JHMM von
Papen, German diplomat and chancellor (1932), was born.
(MC, 10/29/01)
1879 Nov 4, William Penn Adair
Rogers (d.1935) was born on a ranch in Indian Territory (now
Oklahoma). "I never met a man I didn't like." He was widely loved
during the 1920s and 1930s for his gentle humor and homespun
philosophies. Part Cherokee Indian, Rogers once told a Boston
audience, "My ancestors didn't come over on the Mayflower, but they
met the boat." Rogers got his show business start in 1902 doing rope
tricks in a Wild West show. He moved on to vaudeville and, by 1916,
he was the wisecracking star of Florenz Ziegfeld's "Follies." As a
newspaper columnist and book author, Rogers poked fun at important
people and events, and he was equally successful as a motion picture
actor. Rogers' film credits include "A Connecticut Yankee" in 1931
and "State Fair" in 1933. The nation mourned when Will Rogers, along
with pilot Wiley Post, were killed in an Alaska plane crash on
August 15, 1935. "Statesmen think they make history; but history
makes itself and drags the statesmen along."
(HFA, ‘96, p.18)(HNPD, 11/4/98)(HN, 11/4/98)(AP,
7/10/99)
1879 Nov 5, James Clerk Maxwell
(48) Scottish physicist (speed of light), died.
(MC, 11/5/01)
1879 Nov 7, Leon Davidovitsj
Trotsky, [Leib Bronstein], Russian revolutionary, was born. [see Oct
26, Nov 8]
(MC, 11/7/01)
1879 Nov 8, Leon Trotsky,
Russian communist leader who rivaled Lenin, was born. [see Oct 26,
Nov 7]
(HN, 11/6/98)
1879 Nov 10, Vachel Lindsay,
poet, was born. His work included "Rhymes to be Traded for Bread."
(HN, 11/10/00)
1879 Nov 10, Little Bighorn
participant Major Marcus Reno was caught window-peeping at the
daughter of his commanding officer--an offense for which he would be
court-martialed.
(HN, 11/10/98)
1879 Nov 27, Virgil Earp became
a Deputy U.S. Marshall.
(MesWP)
1879 Nov 27, Adam Tadeusz
Wieniawski, composer, was born.
(MC, 11/27/01)
1879 Nov 29, Wyatt Earp arrived
in Tombstone, AZ.
(MesWP)
1879 Dec 18, Paul Klee
(d.1940), Swiss abstract painter best known for The Mocker Mocked,
was born.
(HN, 12/18/98)
1879 Dec 20, Thomas A. Edison
privately demonstrated his incandescent light at Menlo Park, N.J.
(AP, 12/20/97)
1879 Dec 21, Iosif
Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, aka Joseph Stalin, was born. Joseph
Stalin, Communist leader of the Soviet Union was responsible for the
killing of more than 10 million of his own people.
(HN, 12/21/98)(HNQ, 4/6/00)
1879 Dec 24, Stanislav
Pylypovych Lyudkevych, composer, was born.
(MC, 12/24/01)
1879 Dec 26, The "Tragic
Overture" by Johannes Brahms premiered.
(MC, 12/26/01)
1879 Dec 27, Thomas Nast paired
the elephant and the donkey in a political cartoon with an Abe
Lincoln-like figure standing over a sleeping elephant while a donkey
with a tail labeled Delaware drags a hatless democrat over a
precipice.
(Hem, 8/96, p.84)
1879 Dec 28, The new Tay Bridge
in Scotland, opened in 1877 over the Firth of Tay, collapsed during
a storm as a train was crossing. Some 75 people were killed.
(AFP,
5/16/08)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay_Rail_Bridge)
1879 Dec 29, Billy Mitchell,
aviation hero Gen (WW I), was born.
(MC, 12/29/01)
1879 Dec 30, Gilbert &
Sullivan's "Pirates of Penzance," premiered in London.
(MC, 12/30/01)
1879 Dec 31, Gilbert and
Sullivan's "Pirates of Penzance," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 12/31/01)
1879 Dec 31, Thomas Edison
first publicly demonstrated his electric incandescent light in Menlo
Park, N.J. and took out a patent.
(AP, 12/31/97)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R14)
1879 Cezanne, French painter,
painted his Self-Portrait. He also began work on "Auvers-Sur-Oise"
(The Fence), which was completed in 1882. On Jan 1, 2000, the $4.8
million Auvers painting was stolen from the Ashmoleum Museum in
Oxford.
(WSJ, 9/28/95, p.A-16)(SFEC, 1/2/00, p.A2)
1879 Clyde Cessna (d.1954) was
born in Kansas. Enamored with flying after Louis Blériot's
1909 famous flight across the English Channel, Oklahoma automobile
salesman Clyde Cessna became a pioneer aviator--flying, building and
selling airplanes.
(HNQ, 7/31/01)
1879 Edgar Degas, while in New
Orleans, painted "Miss La La at the Cirque Fernando."
(SFEC, 1/4/98, BR p.9)
1879 Monet painted "Lavacourt
in Winter."
(SFC, 1/29/99, p.D6)
1879 Pissaro painted "Rabbit
Warren at Pontoise, Snow."
(SFC, 1/29/99, p.D6)
1879 In Paris Pierre-Auguste
Renoir painted "Two Little Circus Girls," a picture of Francisca and
Angelina Wartenberg, jugglers in the Spanish Cirque Fernande.
(DPCP 1984)
1879 John Singer Sargent began
painting "The Spanish Dance."
(WSJ, 2/23/99, p.A20)
1879 Dostoevsky wrote "The
Brothers Karamazov."
(WSJ, 3/28/95, p.A-24)
1879 Henry George, economist,
authored "Progress and Poverty." He laid out tax ideas that were
based on a single tax on the value of land. He argued that the value
of land was based on its location and that the value of the land
should flow to society as a whole rather than the person who holds
title.
(WSJ, 5/28/99, p.B1)
1879 Henrik Ibsen wrote his
play "A Doll’s House." Much of the dialogue was written to move
characters on and off stage.
(WSJ, 4/4/97, p.A7)(SFC, 1/7/99, p.A8)
1879 The Bliss Mansion was
built in Carson City for Duane Bliss, a lumber magnate. He supplied
lumber to the Comstock mines.
(SSFC, 11/19/06, p.F10)
1879 The Washington Square
United Methodist Church was built in NYC. In 2004 the congregation
dropped to 60 and it was put up for sale asking $13 million.
(WSJ, 12/29/04, p.B6)
1879 The Bishop’s House at
219-223 S.W. Stark St. in Portland, Oregon, was built by Archbishop
Blanchet.
(Exc, 6/96, p.72)
1879 Mary Baker Eddy
(1821-1910), founded the Church of Christ, Science.
(WSJ, 9/26/03, p.W17)
1879 Independence, Colo., was
founded as a mining camp. It was purchased by the Aspen Valley Land
Trust in 2001 and transferred to the US Forest Service in 2004.
(USAT, 1/30/04, p.7A)
1879 The Bowery Mission in New
York City was founded. Its broad goal was to "save mankind" and it
served to aid the homeless.
(WSJ, 1/7/97, p.A19)
1879 Robert Louis Stevenson
(1850-1894), the future author of "The Amateur Emigrant" and other
works, authored “Travels with a Donkey.” It covered 12 days spent
trekking in the Cevennes Mountains in France with the donkey,
Celestine. He embarked this year on a 6,000-mile journey from his
native Scotland to see his ailing-and married-lover in California.
Stevenson, the author of "Treasure Island," must have realized the
recklessness of this venture. There was no guarantee that the object
of his affection-Frances (Fanny) Vandegrift Osbourne, would abandon
her comfortable life and run off with the then-little-known author.
Yet he seemed compelled to make the appeal, telling a friend that
"No man is of any use until he has dared everything." The pair
married on May 19, 1880.
(HNQ, 9/6/98)(WSJ, 9/23/06, p.P8)
1879 Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes
had the first White House telephone installed.
(SFC, 2/3/97, p.D1)
1879 Congress passed a law that
banned ships from bringing more than 15 Chinese passengers to the US
at one time.
(SFEC, 9/20/98, Z1 p.4)
1879 The US Congress made the
US Army Corps of Engineers the leader of a new agency, The
Mississippi River Commission, charged with controlling the
Mississippi River.
(NH, 2/05, p.45)
1879 Texas passed legislation
that made gay and lesbian activity a crime. The law was modified in
1993 to make homosexual sex a misdemeanor with a fine up to $500.
(SFEC,11/30/97, p.A6)(SFC, 11/7/98, p.A7)
1879 In SF police arrested
dancer Mabel Santly for indecent exposure following a vilification
of the Can-can by the SF Chronicle. She was fined $300 for failing
to keep her skirts around her ankles.
(SFEM,11/30/97, p.20)
1879 P.T. Barnum (60) teamed up
with James A. Bailey to create "The Greatest Show on Earth." [see
Mar 28, 1881]
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R40)
1879 Adolph Sutro returned to
SF after becoming a millionaire from building a tunnel at the silver
mines of the Nevada Comstock Lode.
(G, Winter 98/99, p.1)
1879 The American Furniture Co.
was first organized in Batesville, Ind. It was re-organized in 1888
and in 1930 merged with 2 other firms to form RomWeber Co.
(SFC, 12/13/06, p.E3)
1879 Genesee Brewing began
producing beer in Rochester, NY.
(SFC, 3/13/00, p.B2)
1879 Armour & Co., a
Chicago meat processor founded in the 1860s, introduced canned
meats. Canned condensed milk was introduced in 1912. The “Armour’s
Star” trademark was first used in 1931.
(SFC, 8/2/06, p.G7)
1879 The Women’s Christian
Temperance Union founded their 1st Northern California chapter in
Petaluma.
(SFC, 8/27/04, p.F2)
1879 The Italianate Crowley
Opera House in Napa, Ca, was built. It went dark in 1914 and in 1973
local citizens lobbied to have it designated as a national landmark.
It re-opened in 2003.
(SFEC, 2/15/98, DB p.31)(SFC, 6/19/02, p.D1)(SFC,
8/4/03, p.A1)
1879 Chinese settlers built a
temple dedicated to the river god, Bok Kai, at Marysville, Ca., at
the junction of the Yuba and Feather Rivers.
(HT, 3/97, p.10)
1879 A new California state
constitution was adopted.
(SFC, 10/14/99, p.A27)
1879 The California
constitutional convention called for a state Board of Equalization
to standardize the appraisal methods used by independent county
assessors in property tax assessment.
(SFC, 9/13/00, p.A15)(SFC, 6/21/11, p.D5)
1879 In southern California 3
community leaders, Ozro W. Childs, a Protestant horticulturist;
former California Governor John G. Downey, an Irish-Catholic
businessman; and Isaias W. Hellman, a German-Jewish banker and
philanthropist, deeded to the Board of Trustees of the nascent
University of Southern California 308 lots, which were located in an
area designated "West Los Angeles," near the intersection of Vermont
Avenue and Exposition Boulevard.
(www.usc.edu/dept/publications/cat2005/about_usc/history.html)
1879 Milton Latham went broke
and his SF home was auctioned off.
(Ind, 1/9/98, p.5A)
1879 The San Francisco Free
Public Library was opened in Pacific Hall on Bush St., between
Kearny and Dupont (later Grant) streets.
(SFC, 4/14/96, EM, p.20)
1879 Gustave Niebaum, a Finnish
sea captain, founded the Inglenook Winery near Rutherford in the
Napa Valley of California. Niebaum had made a fortune in the Alaskan
fur trade. His Inglenook Chateau, designed by Hamden McIntyre,
opened in 1887. The winery was later sold in pieces to movie
director, Francis Ford Coppola, who bought a large part in 1975 and
the rest of it in 1994-95. In 1994 Constellation Brands acquired
Inglenook Vineyards in the Central Valley and in 2008 sold the
winery to the Wine Group of San Francisco along with Almaden
Vineyards in a deal valued at $134 million.
(WSJ, 11/7/95, p.A-20)(SFC, 1/24/08, p.C3)(SSFC,
4/26/09, p.E6)
1879 The Hercules Powder Works
began manufacturing explosives north of Richmond, Ca. Production
later shifted to fertilizer and continued until 1964. As the company
moved out residential developers moved in and the town of Hercules
took the company name.
(SFC, 5/30/06, p.D1)
1879 California’s population
was about 865,000.
(Econ, 3/19/11, SR p.7)
1879 William Proctor and James
Gamble launched Ivory soap in Cincinnati. In 2004 Davis Dyer,
Frederick Dalzell and Rowena Olegario authored “Rising Tide: Lessons
from 165 years of Brand Building at proctor & Gamble.”
(Econ, 7/24/04, p.75)
1879 Edwin Hall (1855-1938),
American physicist, discovered a phenomenon that came to be called
the Hall effect. He noted how electrons on a sheet of conductive
material will be pushed towards one of the faces of the sheet under
an electric current in a magnetic field.
(Econ, 3/18/06, p.77)
1879 By this time a judge
spread the claim that Dr. Jackson’s Eye Water had cured his
crippling “red skin” disease. Dr. Alvah Jackson of Eureka Springs,
Ark., had bottled water from the local Basin Spring as a elixir
following claims that it had cured his son’s granulated eyelids.
(SSFC, 9/16/07, p.G5)
1879 George Frederick
Armstrong, British scientist, spent a summer measuring the
concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in a garden in
Grasmere, England. He was able to determine that there did exist a
diurnal rise and fall in carbon dioxide concentration.
(NOHY, Weiner, 3/90, p.246)
1879 James Ritty
(1836-1918) and his brother invented the 1st cash register. It was
to combat stealing by bartenders in his Dayton, Ohio, saloon. The
first model looked like a clock, but instead of the hands indicating
hours and minutes, they indicated dollars and cents. Behind the dial
two adding discs accumulated the total of the amounts recorded.
Known as "the incorruptible cashier," with no cash drawer, it would
show anyone within sight how much had been recorded. They received a
patent Jan 30, 1883.
(www.inventors.about.com)(www.uspto.gov/go/kids/kidjan.htm)
1879 Photogravure was invented.
It involved the transfer of photographic images onto a copper plate
by acid-etching. The plate is then inked and pressed by hand onto
artist's paper for a print of exceptional detail.
(WSJ, 1/28/99, p.A1)
1879 George Eastman of
Rochester, NY, perfected a ready-to-use dry plate for photography.
Eastman sought to improve the chemistry and the processes of
photography that had, for 40 years, required subjects to remain
perfectly still for exposure times of up to a minute.
(HN, 7/12/99)
1879 Lt. Col. Richard Henry
Pratt persuaded Washington to hand over the mothballed Carlisle
military barracks in Pennsylvania for use as a school for American
Indians. In the early 20th century the school became a football
powerhouse, beating Army in 1912. In 1918 the school was turned into
a hospital to receive soldiers wounded in WW I.
(WSJ, 1/7/07, p.P9)
1879 Radcliffe College was
established as the "Harvard Annex" for women who were denied access
to Harvard. Its name was changed to Radcliffe in 1894 in honor of
Ann Radcliffe.
(SFC, 4/21/99, p.A2)
1879 The striped bass was
introduced into the San Francisco Bay. It later became an indicator
species of the Bay’s health and an archenemy of the Bay’s native
fishes.
(Pac. Disc., summer, ‘96, p.6)
1879 In Nevada the "Great Fire
of Reno" claimed six lives.
(AP, 11/5/06)
1879 In Afghanistan Sher Ali
died in Mazar-i-Shariff, and Amir Muhammad Yaqub Khan took over
until October 1879. Amir Muhammad Yaqub Khan gave up the following
Afghan territories to the British: Kurram, Khyber, Michni, Pishin,
and Sibi. Afghans lost these territories permanently.
(www.afghan, 5/25/98)
1879 Gen’l. Roberts returned to
Kabul to hang some Afghans in punishment for the murder of a British
envoy. Roberts was besieged and another British force in southern
Afghanistan was almost annihilated. Roberts retreated in a march
from Kabul to Kandahar.
(WSJ, 8/25/98, p.A14)
1879 The Royal National Park,
Australia’s first national park, was officially gazetted.
(Hem., 1/97, p.56)
1879 A cylindrical lump of
platinum-iridium alloy was cast in Hatton Garden, England, and then
dispatched to the Int’l. Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) in
Sevres, France, as the standard measure for one kilogram. An ingot
for the meter was deposited in 1889.
(Econ, 1/29/11, p.79)
1879 Edmond de Goncourt
published his French novel "Les Freres Zemganno."
(Econ, 12/20/03, p.75)
1879 Germany raised tariffs to
limit agricultural and steel imports.
(WSJ, 3/29/04, p.A1)
1879 Rosenthal began making
porcelain plates in Selb, Germany. Limited edition Christmas plates
were introduced in 1910.
(SFC, 12/21/05, p.G6)
1879 Sotirio Boulgaris, silver
artisan, migrated from Greece to Italy.
(SFEM,7/28/96, p.32)
1879 Giuseppe Albertotti
founded the Italian Opthalmological Society.
(WSJ, 4/6/06, p.A12)
1879 In Japan the Asahi Shimbun
newspaper was founded.
(SFC,10/20/97, p.A19)
1879 The Tenshodo store,
located in the heart of Ginza, the busiest high-end shopping
district in Tokyo, was founded.
(AP, 1/2/10)
1879 In Hungary the Tisza River
overflowed and destroyed 5,500 of 5,800 houses in the town of
Szeged.
(Hem., 6/98, p.127)
1879 The Cyrus Cylinder was
discovered by the Assyro-British archaeologist Hormuzd Rassam in the
foundations of the Esagila, the main temple of Babylon, and was
later placed in the British Museum in London. The cylinder was
created following the Persian conquest of Babylon in 539 BC, when
Cyrus overthrew the Babylonian king Nabonidus and replaced him as
ruler, ending the Neo-Babylonian Empire. It was later
considered as the world's first declaration of human rights.
(http://tinyurl.com/lma678)(AFP, 2/7/10)
1879 The Peru Navy commissioned
its first submarine, 21 years before the US Navy did the same.
(SFEC, 8/11/96, zone 1, p.6)
1879 Cinque (b.~1813), the
leader of the 1839 Amistad revolt, died in Sierra Leone.
(www.africawithin.com/bios/joseph_cinque.htm)
1879 In South Africa John Dunn
(d.1885), Englishman and friend of Zulu King Cetshwayo, was granted
10,000 acres after the Anglo-Zulu war. Dunn took 27 Zulu wives and
was declared a chief by the king.
(SFC, 8/13/01, p.A9)
1879 In Spain Marcelino Sanz de
Sautuola, a lawyer and amateur archeologist, discovered the Altamira
Cave. His daughter Maria (8) discovered the 14,500 year-old wall
paintings.
(WSJ, 9/18/01, p.A20)(ON, 10/02, p.1)
1879-1883 In the War of the Pacific, Chile’s army
won the nitrate-rich desert lands from Peru and Bolivia. The war was
fought over the treatment of Chilean investors in the desert
territories. The area remained in contention until a 1929 agreement
proposed by Pres. Herbert Hoover.
(SFC, Z-1, 4/28/96, p.5)(SFEC, 11/14/99, p.A22)
1879-1889 Nietzsche wrote all his best books.
(V.D.-H.K.p.279)(www.dartmouth.edu/~fnchron/index.html)
1879-1914 http://www.worldwar1.com/tlalli.htm
1879-1940 Paul Klee, Swiss painter and etcher. His
work included "Geschwister" (Brother and Sister - 1930), an abstract
painting of 3-dimensional interlocking planes. In 1996 it sold for
$4.3 mil.
(WUD, 1994, p.790)(SFC, 7/2/96, p.E3)
1879-1940 Leon Trotsky: "Old age is the most
unexpected of all the things that happen to a man."
(AP, 8//98)
1879-1944 Katharine Fullerton Gerould, American
writer: The real drawback to 'the simple life' is that it is not
simple. If you are living it, you positively can do nothing else.
There is not time. "Funny how people despise platitudes, when they
are usually the truest thing going. A thing has to be pretty true
before it gets to be a platitude."
(AP, 7/5/97)(AP, 1/7/99)
1879-1949 Robert Lynd, British essayist: "Were I a
philosopher, I should write a philosophy of toys, showing that
nothing else in life need to be taken seriously, and that Christmas
Day in the company of children is one of the few occasions on which
men become entirely alive."
(AP, 12/25/98)
1879-1950 Alfred Korzybski, Polish-American
linguist: "There are two ways to slice easily through life; to
believe everything or to doubt everything. Both ways save us from
thinking."
(AP, 2/16/98)
1879-1951 John Erskine, American author and
educator: "Opinion is that exercise of the human will which helps us
to make a decision without information."
(AP, 2/18/00)
1879-1953 Joseph Stalin, (Josif Vissarionovitch
Dzhugashvili), Communist party leader. He was Sec. of the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953, and Premier from
1941-1953.
(AHD, 1971, p.1255)(AHD, p.1255)
1879-1955 Albert Einstein: "The most beautiful
experience we can have is the mysterious ... the fundamental emotion
which stands at the cradle of true art and true science."
(AP, 7/19/97)
1879-1955 Wallace Stevens, American poet and
author: "All history is modern history."
(AP, 1/27/00)
1879-1958 Dorothy Canfield Fisher, American author
and essayist: "If we would only give, just once, the same amount of
reflection to what we want to get out of life that we give to the
question of what to do with a two weeks’ vacation, we would be
startled at our false standards and the aimless procession of our
busy days."
(AP, 10/9/98)
1879-1959 Ethel Barrymore, American actress: "You
must learn day by day, year by year, to broaden your horizon. The
more things you love, the more you are interested in, the more you
enjoy, the more you are indignant about—the more you have left when
anything happens."
(AP, 8/7/98)
1879-1963 Lord Beveridge, British economist:
"Scratch a pessimist, and you find often a defender of privilege."
(AP, 3/25/99)
1879-1964 Viscountess Astor, American-born
English politician: "The penalty of success is to be bored by people
who used to snub you."
(AP, 6/13/97)
1879-1973 Edward Steichen, American photographer:
"Every 10 years a man should give himself a good kick in the pants."
(AP, 2/1/97)
1880 Jan 1, The building of the
Panama Canal was symbolically begun under the direction of French
diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps. Actual construction began a year
later. In 2007 Matthew Parker authored “Panama Fever: The Battle to
Build the Canal.”
(http://www.ared.com/history.htm)(Econ, 2/24/07,
p.96)
1880 Jan 6, Tom Mix, silent
screen cowboy actor (Dick Turpin), was born in Mix Run, Pa.
(MC, 1/6/02)
1880 cJan 8, Emperor Norton
died in San Francisco and had an elaborate funeral sponsored by the
Pacific Union Club at a cost of $10,000. His remains were later
moved from the Masonic Cemetery to Woodlawn Cemetery with a marble
tombstone inscribed: Norton I...Emperor of the United States and
Protector of Mexico. Joshua A. Norton 1815-1880. Dr. Robert Burns
Aird (d.2000) later composed a musical based on Norton's life. The
organization E Clampus Vitius later proceeded to hold an annual
memorial services at his Colma grave site.
(HFA, '96, p.65)(G&M, 7/30/97, p.A24)(SFC,
2/22/00, p.A20)(CHA, 1/2001)
1880 Jan 21, 1st US sewage
disposal system, separate from storm drains, was established in
Memphis.
(MC, 1/21/02)
1880 Jan 26, Douglas MacArthur
(d.1964), U.S. general in World War I, was born. He was the youngest
general in the U.S. Army in WW I. In World War II he was the
commander of all U.S. Army forces in the South Pacific; in Korea he
commanded all United Nations forces. William Manchester wrote his
biography: "American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur."
(BS, 5/3/98, p.13E)(HN, 1/26/99)
1880 Jan 27, Thomas Edison
received a patent for his electric incandescent lamp.
(AP, 1/27/98)
1880 Jan 28, Henry Casebolt,
San Francisco inventor of the cable car grip, sold his interest in
the Sutter Street Railway.
(www.cable-car-guy.com/html/ccwho.html#hxc)
1880 Jan 29, W.C. Fields,
comedian and actor, was born in Philadelphia as Claude William
Dukinfield [Dukenfield]. His films included "David Copperfield" and
"My Little Chickadee." [see Apr 9 1879]
(HN, 1/29/99)(MC, 1/29/02)
1880 Jan, Anselm Feuerbach,
German painter and close friend of Johannes Brahms, died.
(BLW, Geiringer, 1963 ed. p.320)
1880 Feb 1, In San Francisco
the buildings of the new St. Ignatius campus at Van Ness and Hayes
were dedicated. Archbishop Alemany and bishop James A. Healy
presided over the dedication of the new church oh Hayes St.
(GenIV, Winter 04/05)
1880 Feb 12, John L. Lewis,
American labor leader, was born.
(HN, 2/12/01)
1880 Feb 17, Tsar Alexander II
of Russia survived an assassination attempt.
(MC, 2/17/02)
1880 Mar 1, Lytton Strachey
(d.1932), English biographer, critic (Benson Medal 1923), was born.
"Uninterpreted truth is as useless as buried gold."
(AP, 3/25/00)(SC, 3/1/02)
1880 Mar 4, NY Daily Graphic
published 1st half-tone engraving made by S.H. Horgan.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1880 Mar 8, President
Rutherford B. Hayes declared that the United States would have
jurisdiction over any canal built across the isthmus of Panama.
(HN, 3/8/99)
1880 Mar 10, The Salvation Army
arrived in the United States from England. The organization had been
founded in Britain in 1865 by William Booth, a street preacher. It
drew on revivalism and attention-getting tactics. In 1980 Edward
McKinley authored "Marching To Glory," a definitive history of the
army. In 1999 Diane Winston published "Red-Hot and Righteous," a
history of the army's efforts in New York up to 1950.
(AP, 3/10/98)(WSJ, 8/12/99, p.A20)
1880 Mar 12, Cecil Rhodes
(1853-1902) and C.D. Rudd launched the De Beers Mining Company after
the amalgamation of a number of individual claims in South Africa.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes)
1880 Mar 23, John Stevens of
Neenah, Wis., patented the grain crushing mill. This mill allowed
flour production to increase by 70 percent.
(HN, 3/23/98)
1880 Mar 25, Joseph Rummel
(61), composer, died.
(MC, 3/25/02)
1880 Mar 26, Duncan Hines, US
restaurant guide writer (Out of Kentucky Kitchens), was born.
(HN, 3/25/98)(SS, 3/26/02)
1880 Mar 30, Sean O'Casey (d.
1964), Irish playwright, was born. "It is my rule never to lose me
temper till it would be detrimental to keep it."
(AP, 3/17/00)(HN, 3/30/01)
1880 Mar 31, Wabash, Ind.,
became the first town completely illuminated by electrical lighting.
(AP, 3/31/97)(HN, 3/31/98)
1880 Mar 31, Henryk Wieniawski
(44), Polish violist, composer, died.
(MC, 3/31/02)
1880 Mar, In NYC the
Metropolitan Museum opened its new building on Fifth Ave. Its crown
jewel was the Cesnola collection of antiquities of Cypriot artifacts
collected by Luigi Palma de Cesnola. Cesnola was named the first
director.
(AM, 7/97, p.68)
1880 Apr 8, Victor
Schertzinger, composer, director (Uptown NY), was born.
(MC, 4/8/02)
1880 Apr 10, Frances Perkins,
Labor secretary, first woman cabinet member in an American
Administration, was born.
(HN, 4/10/98)
1880 Apr 15, William Gladstone
became Prime Minister of England.
(HN, 4/15/98)
1880 Apr 15, Max Wertheimer,
Czech-born psychologist, was born.
(HN, 4/15/01)
1880 Apr 17, National Bell
reached a settlement with Western Union and became the American Bell
Telephone Co.
(SFEM, 1/11/98, p.13)
1880 Apr 19, The Times war
correspondent telephoned a report of the battle of Ahmed Khel, the
first time news was sent from a field of battle in this manner.
(HN, 4/19/99)
1880 Apr 26, Mikhail Fokine
(d.1942), choreographer, founder of modern dance, was born in
Russia.
(MC, 4/26/02)
1880 May 8, Gustave Flaubert
(b.1821), French novelist, died. He revealed in painful detail the
small foibles of a bourgeois life and believed in perfection of form
and the absolute value of art. His work included "Madam Bovary,"
"Salammbo" and "A Simple Heart." "Our ignorance of history causes us
to slander our own times." In 2006 Frederick Brown authored
“Flaubert : A Biography.”
(V.D.-H.K.p.278)(AP, 6/19/99)(HN, 12/12/99)(WSJ,
4/15/06, p.P8)
1880 May 9, Johann Hermann
Berens (54), composer, died.
(MC, 5/9/02)
1880 May 11, A US Marshal and
his deputies faced a group of farmers in the San Joaquin Valley of
California over a land dispute between the farmers and the Southern
Pacific Railroad. The farmers had developed an irrigation system
that turned the land into a rich agricultural area and the Railroad
then claimed the land for itself and won a suit to that effect.
Seven men were killed in what became known as the battle of Mussel
Slough.
(Smith., 5/95, p.84)
1880 May 18, In the 6th
Kentucky Derby George Lewis aboard Fonso won in 2:37½.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1880 May 28, Ada May, a
schooner with 120,000 feet of lumber, hit the Colorado Reef at
Montara and was destroyed by the surf.
(Ind, 3/31/01, 5A)
1880 May 29, Oswald Spengler,
German philosopher of history, was born. He maintained that every
culture grows, matures and decays. He wrote the book "The Decline of
the West."
(HN, 5/29/99)
1880 Jun 1, The first pay
telephone was installed in the Yale Bank Building in New Haven,
Conn.
(DTnet, 6/1/97)
1880 Jun 1, The U.S. census
stood at 50,155,783.
(DTnet, 6/1/97)
1880 Jun 5, Wild woman of the
west Myra Maybelle Shirley married Sam Starr even though records
show she was already married to Bruce Younger.
(HN, 6/5/99)
1880 Jun 11, Jeannette Rankin,
Congresswoman from Montana, the first woman in Congress who also
voted against U.S. participation in both world wars, was born.
(HN, 6/11/98)
1880 Jun 12, Baseball’s first
perfect game. The southpaw, left-handed Lee Richmond of the
Worcester, Massachusetts, Ruby Legs, pitched himself to perfection
with a 1-0 shutout of the Cleveland Spiders in a National League
game.
(MC, 6/12/02)
1880 Jun 17, Carl Van Vechten,
writer, poet, was born.
(HN, 6/17/01)
1880 Jun 18, John Sutter
(b.1803), Swiss-born California settler (gold discovered on his
land), died in Lititz, Pa.
(SSFC, 4/13/03, p.D6)(MC, 6/18/02)
1880 Jun 21, Arnold Lucius
Gesell, psychologist and pediatrician, was born.
(HN, 6/21/01)
1880 Summer, Robert Louis
Stevenson and his new wife, Fanny Osbourne, honeymooned at Mount St.
Helena. He moved to an abandoned mining camp in the Palisades cliffs
above Napa Valley and worked on his novel "Treasure Island." He made
notes for his book "Silverado Squatters."
(SFEC, 10/6/96, T3)(SFC,11/25/97, p.A15)
1880 Jun 29, France annexed
Tahiti.
(HN, 6/29/98)
1880 Jun 27, Helen Adams Keller
(d. Jun 1, 1968 at 87) author, social reformer, educator, lecturer,
was born in Tuscumbia, Ala. She lost her sight and hearing at 19
months of age from scarlet fever. She received a college degree and
became an author (Let us Have Faith) and lecturer despite being
blind and deaf most of her life. Helen Keller died in Westport,
Connecticut. "No matter how dull, or how mean, or how wise a man is,
he feels that happiness is his indisputable right." "There is no
king who has not had a slave among his ancestors, and no slave who
has not had a king among his."
(DTnet, 6/1/97)(AP, 11/17/97)(SFEC, 8/16/98, BR
p.3)(AP, 12/16/98)
1880 Jul 5, Jan Kubelik,
composer, was born.
(MC, 7/5/02)
1880 Jul 6, Russia’s Tsar
Alexander II, less than a month after Tsarina Maria's death on June
8, formed a morganatic marriage with his mistress Princess Catherine
Dolgoruki, with whom he already had three children. A fourth child
would be born to them before his death.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_of_)
1880 Jul 23, 1st commercial
hydroelectric power planet began in Grand Rapids, Mich.
(MC, 7/23/02)
1880 Jul 25, Morris Raphel
Cohen, American philosopher and mathematician, was born.
(HN, 7/25/98)
1880 Jul 27, A.P. Abourne
patented a process for refining coconut oil.
(MC, 7/27/02)
1880 Jul 30, Robert Rutherford
("Colonel") McCormick, US, editor, publisher (Chicago Tribune), was
born.
(MC, 7/30/02)
1880 Jul 31, Fancy Farm in
Kentucky announced in a local newspaper upcoming barn dance, picnic
and gander pulling. The event grew to become a major event and its
1982 event was certified in the Guinness Book of Records as the
world’s largest picnic.
(Econ, 8/14/10, p.26)
1880 Jul, In the Battle of
Maiwand an Afghan woman named Malalai carried the Afghan flag
forward after the soldiers carrying the flag were killed by the
British. She becomes a heroine for her show of courage and valor.
The 1892 Kipling poem "Barracks Room Ballads" recalled the Battle of
Maiwand.
(www.afghan, 5/25/98)(SSFC, 10/28/01, p.C8)
1880 Aug 1, Sir Frederick
Roberts freed the British Afghanistan garrison of Kandahar from
Afghan rebels.
(HN, 8/1/98)
1880 Aug 14, Construction of
Cologne Cathedral, begun in 1248, was completed 633 years after it
was begun.
(MC, 8/14/02)
1880 Aug 22, George Herriman
(d.1944), cartoonist and creator of Krazy Kat, was born.
(HN, 8/22/00)
1880 Aug 24, Joshua L. Cowen,
inventor of the electric train, was born.
(MC, 8/24/02)
1880 Aug 25, Robert E. Stolz
(d.1976), Austrian composer, conductor, was born. He initially
auditioned under Johann Strauss and later became conductor at the
Theater-an-der-Wien.
(WSJ, 12/28/99, p.A16)(MC, 8/25/02)
1880 Aug 31, Queen Wilhelmina
of Netherlands (d. Nov 28, 1962 at 82) was born. She reigned from
1890-1947.
(DTnet, 11/28/97)(YN, 8/31/99)
1880 Sep 12, H.L. Mencken
(Henry Louis Mencken, d.1956), American author, social satirist, was
born in Baltimore, Md. He worked for the "Baltimore Sun" and later
edited the "Smart Set" magazine with George Jean Nathan. He wrote a
philological work entitled "The American Language." Nietzschean
iconoclast H.L. Mencken referred to "Boobus Americanus" and was
cynical about American democracy. Mencken won fame as a journalist
with the Baltimore Morning Herald and Baltimore Sun, editor of The
American Mercury magazine and as a literary critic. Mencken's
criticism was often directed at the American middle class and
members of what he called...the "boobeoisie (BOOB-WA-ZEE)." Very
popular in the post-WWI period, Mencken’s literary criticism was
instrumental in bringing writers such as D.H. Lawrence, Ford Madox
Ford and Sherwood Anderson to the fore.
(AP, 9/12/97)(HNQ, 6/20/98)(HN,
9/12/98)(www.todayinliterature.com)
1880 Sep 30, Henry Draper took
the 1st photograph of the Orion Nebula.
(MC, 9/30/01)
1880 Oct 1, John Philip Sousa
became the new director of US Marine Corps Band. [see Oct 1, 1892]
(MC, 10/1/01)
1880 Oct 5, The first
ball-point pen was patented on this day by Alonzo T. Cross.
(HN, 10/5/00)
1880 Oct 5, Jacques Offenbach,
German-French composer (La Belle Helene, Orpheus, Tales of Hoffman),
died at 61.
(MC, 10/5/01)
1880 Oct 14, Apache leader
Victorio was slain in Mexico by the Mexican army. [see Oct 15]
(HN, 10/14/98)(MC, 10/14/01)
1880 Oct 15, Victorio, feared
leader of the Minbreno Apache, was killed by Mexican troops in
northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico. [see Oct 14]
(HN, 10/15/98)
1880 Oct 16, Edward Wolff,
composer, died at 64.
(MC, 10/16/01)
1880 Oct 27, Theodore Roosevelt
(22) married his first wife, Alice Hathaway Lee.
(AP, 10/27/07)
1880 Nov 1, Sholem Asch,
Polish-born American novelist, was born. He wrote "The Nazarene" and
"The Apostle, Mary."
(HN, 11/1/99)
1880 Nov 1, Grantland Rice,
American sportswriter, was born.
(HN, 11/1/00)
1880 Nov 1, Alfred L Wegener,
German meteorologist (continental shift), was born.
(MC, 11/1/01)
1880 Nov 2, James A. Garfield
was elected 20th president. During the Civil War, Garfield was a
commander at the bloody fight at Chickamauga. The election was
close, with Republican James Garfield getting 48.27% to Democrat
Winfield Hancock‘s 48.25% and a difference of less than 2,000 votes!
Garfield was shot by a disgruntled office seeker four months into
his presidency.
(HN, 11/2/98)(HNQ, 11//00)
1880 Nov 4, The first cash
register was patented by James and John Ritty of Dayton, Ohio. [see
James Ritty 1879]
(AP, 11/4/05)
1880 Nov 8, Sarah Bernhardt,
French actress, made her US debut at NY's Booth Theater.
(MC, 11/8/01)
1880 Nov 8, Edwin Drake
(b.1819), the man who drilled the first productive oil well (1859),
died penniless.
(www.todayinsci.com)
1880 Nov 10, Jacob Epstein,
sculptor (Adam, Jacob & the Angel), was born.
(MC, 11/10/01)
1880
Nov 11, Lucretia Mott (née Lucretia Coffin b.1793), US
Quaker, died in Abingdon, Kansas. She co-sponsored the First Woman's
Rights Convention in 1848 at Seneca Falls, NY.
(www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAWmott.htm)
1880 Nov 11, In Australia Ned
Kelly (b.1855), outlaw, was hanged. The day before he died Kelly
wrote to the governor of the jail asking "permission for my friends
to have my body that they might bury it in consecrated ground."
Kelly was hanged at the Old Melbourne Gaol but documents show his
remains and those of 32 other executed prisoners were exhumed and
reburied at Pentridge Prison in 1929. In 2011 his headless remains
were identified using a DNA sample taken from Melbourne teacher
Leigh Olver, Kelly's sister Ellen's great-grandson. In 2011
Victorian state attorney general Robert Clark decided to return his
bullet-ridden bones to his descendants so they could meet his last
request.
(WSJ, 9/21/00, p.A8)(SSFC, 1/14/01, BR p.6)(AP,
3/9/08)(AFP, 9/1/11)(AFP, 11/9/11)
1880 Nov 21, Adolph Arthur
"Harpo" Marx, inventive American pantomimist who never spoke a line
in his many movies, which he starred in alongside his brothers, was
born.
(HN, 11/21/98)
1880 Nov 25, Leonard Sidney
Woolf (d.1969), English publisher, writer, was born.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Woolf)
1880 Dec 2, Josephine Lang
(65), composer, died.
(MC, 12/2/01)
1880 Dec 11, Louis Pasteur
(57), French scientist, began an experiment to identify the microbe
that causes rabies.
(ON, 6/08, p.4)
1880 Dec 20, NY's Broadway was
lit by electricity. It later became known as "Great White Way."
(MC, 12/20/01)
1880 Dec 31, George Catlett
Marshall, Chief of Staff who led the U.S. Army to victory in World
War II and later became Secretary of State for President Harry
Truman, was born. He won Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 for the Marshall
Plan.
(WUD, 1994 p.879)(HN, 12/31/98)(MC, 12/31/01)
1880 Dec, George Eastman
received an order for photographic dry-plates and together with
Henry Strong launched the Eastman Dry Plate Co.
(ON, 3/05, p.11)
1880 Hans Hofmann (d.1966),
abstract artist, was born and raised in Munich, Germany. He lived in
Paris from 1904-1914 and moved to the US in 1931.
(SFC, 7/31/01, p.B5)(WSJ, 1/15/04, p.D8)
1880 Rodin created his
sculpture "The Thinker."
(HNQ, 12/6/00)
1880 Monet painted "Sunset on
the Seine in Winter."
(SFC, 1/29/99, p.D1)
1880 Thomas Moran painted
"Lower Manhattan From Communipaw, New Jersey."
(SFC,10/15/97, p.D3)
1880 Berthe Morisot painted the
riverscape "Boats on the Seine."
(SFC, 10/30/96, p.E7)
1880 Renoir began his painting
"Luncheon of the Boating Party," ["The Rower’s Lunch"] the
culmination of a decade of riverscapes. It depicted a scene at the
Restaurant Fournaise on the banks of the Seine at a spot known as La
Grenouillere (the frog pond). It was completed in 1881 and sold to
Duncan Philips in 1923 for $125,000.
(WSJ, 9/10/96, p.A16)(SFC, 10/30/96, p.E7)(DPCP
1984)
1880 John Singer Sargent
painted "Fumee d’Ambre Gris."
(WSJ, 8/11/00, p.W6)
1880 Vincent Van Gogh ended his
career as a theology student and began painting.
(WSJ, 3/14/00, p.A28)
1880 Joaquin Maria Machado de
Assis (1839-1908), Brazilian mulatto writer, wrote his novel "The
Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas." The Oxford Library of Latin
America published a new edition in 1998.
(WSJ, 2/3/98, p.A20)
1880 Henry Adams authored his
novel “Democracy.”
(SSFC, 2/13/11, p.G1)
1880 Henry James, American
writer, authored his novel “Washington Square,” in which he depicts
the insular world of his NYC childhood.
(WSJ, 4/19/08, p.W8)
1880 Paul Lafargue (1842-1911),
French revolutionary and journalist, published “Le Droit a la
Paresse” (The Right to Laziness), in which he recommended that men
should work no more than three hours a day.
(Econ, 7/21/07,
p.51)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lafargue)
1880 Guy de Maupassant wrote
his short story “Boule de Suif” (Butterball). In 2006 it premiered
as an opera by composer Stephen Hartke and librettist Philip
Littell.
(WSJ, 8/8/06, p.D5)
1880 Joaquin Miller
(1837-1913), "poet of the Sierras," published "Utopia."
(SFEM, 4/2/00, p.48)
1880 Gen. Lew Wallace
(1827-1905) of Indiana published "Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ."
Some of book was written while Wallace was living in Santa Fe at El
Palacio as the Territorial governor in the 1870s.
(WSJ, 2/14/96, p.A-15)(HT, 3/97, p.66)(SFEC,
7/6/97, p.T7)
1880 "Heidi’s Years of
Wandering and Learning" was published. It was later made famous by a
film version with Shirley Temple. It was partly set in Maienfeld,
Switzerland. Johanna Spyri authored the 2-volume Heidi novel
published in 1880-1881. The 2nd volume was titled "Heidi Makes Use
of Her Experience."
(WSJ, 10/2/97, p.A11)(SFEC, 9/24/00, p.T6)(SFC,
7/5/01, p.C7)
1880 Charles Crocker,
California railroad pioneer, built the Hotel Del Monte on the
Monterey Peninsula as a wooden Gothic structure. It was destroyed by
fire in 1887, rebuilt and burned again in 1924. It was later
purchased by Samuel F.B. Morse with the backing of SF banker Herbert
Fleishhacker. Morse sold the hotel and over 600 surrounding acres to
the US Navy in the late 1940s. In 1952 the Naval Postgraduate School
moved onto the site.
(SSFC, 5/18/08, p.A15)
1880 John Ballard, a blacksmith
and former slave, bought land on a mountain in the Santa Monica
range of southern California. In 2010 the 2,031 peak, previously
known as Negrohead Mountain, was renamed to Ballard Mountain.
(SFC, 2/22/10, p.A6)
1880 California politicians
integrated the state’s public schools.
(SSFC, 5/16/04, p.E5)
1880 In California Folsom
Prison began operations.
(WSJ, 11/26/97, p.CA4)
1880 David King Udall
(1851-1938), while living in Nephi, Utah, was called to be the
Mormon bishop in St. Johns, Arizona, a small and primarily Hispanic
Catholic community.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_King_Udall)
1880 US Pres. Rutherford Hayes
lunched at the Cliff House in SF.
(SSFC, 8/21/05, p.A1)
1880 At the Republican national
convention Pres. Grant lost his bid for a 3rd term to James Garfield
after 35 ballots.
(Ind, 2/3/00, 5A)
1880 Blanche Kelso Bruce
(1841-1898), US Senator from Mississippi, lost his senate seat.
Pres. Garfield appointed him registrar of the Treasury.
(WSJ, 7/12/06, p.D12)
1880 A US census found 435
non-native residents in Alaska.
(Econ, 8/26/06, p.27)
1880 In NYC the American
Exchange of New York, later known as the New York Mercantile
Exchange (Nymex), was renamed as the Butter, Cheese and Egg Exchange
of New York.
(WSJ, 9/28/05, p.C3)
1880 Richard Etheridge was
promoted to Keeper of the North Carolina Life-Saving Station #17. He
was the 1st black man to be appointed a Station Keeper in the US
Life-Saving Service.
(ON, 1/02, p.1)
1880 Caroline Romney hauled in
printing presses to a tent with a sawdust floor and started the
Record in Durango, Colo.
(SFEC, 3/8/98, BR p.6)
1880 William Grace, shipping
magnate, was elected mayor of New York City. His election put the
Irish in control of city politics.
(WSJ, 3/17/97, p.A18)
1880 Maria Longworth Nichols
founded the Rookwood Pottery firm in Cincinnati. The firm operated
until 1941. Decorators for the firm included Albert Valentien, Carl
Schmidt, Kataro Shirayamadani and Matthew Daly.
(SFC, 12/15/98, Z1 p.6)
1880 Andrew J. Cron joined R.B.
Kills to found Cron Kills Co., a furniture manufacturer, in Piqua,
Ohio.
(SFC, 7/18/07, p.G2)
1880 B. Manischewitz founded an
operation in Cincinnati to make unleavened bread based on a
5,000-year-old recipe.
(SFC, 9/22/03, p.B4)
1880 The industrial force
exceeded the number of people engaged in agriculture in the United
States and Germany.
(V.D.-H.K.p.284)
1880 Oilmen in southern
California formed a company that grew to become Unocal.
(SFC, 4/5/05, p.C1)
1880 Tucson, Arizona. The
railroad came into the city.
(AWAM, Dec. 94, p.31)
1880 Juneau was born when
prospectors hit a mother lode on Gastineau Channel. Juneau was
settled soon after a gold strike nearby by Richard Harris and Joe
Juneau.
(SFEC, 2/6/00, p.T10)(HNQ, 2/6/00)
1880 George Hearst purchased
the SF Daily Evening Examiner newspaper to advertise his political
beliefs. Hearst won the Examiner as payment for a gambling debt.
(SFC, 8/7/99, p.A9)(WSJ, 8/9/99, p.B9)(CHA,
1/2001)
1880 George M. Pullman
established his own industrial community at Lake Calumet, south of
Chicago. His company town provided homes for 2,500 workers along
with schools, parks churches and a hotel.
(SFC, 7/1/98, Z1 p.6)(SFC, 12/3/98, p.A3)
1880 Francis W. Parker (d.1902
at 64), a pioneer in progressive elementary education, became
supervisor of the Boston school system and later established the
Chicago Institute. He experimented with methods while teaching in
various places during the American Civil War in an attempt to change
the prevailing rigidity of U.S. schools. He later went to Germany in
1872 where he studied educational methods in use there. Upon
returning, he became school superintendent for Quincy,
Massachusetts, where he introduced science, arts and crafts into the
curriculum. Parker stressed children‘s individuality and promoted
self-expression, socialized activity and a more informal atmosphere.
An endowment enabled him to establish the Chicago Institute in 1899.
(HNQ, 9/6/00)
1880 James Albert Bonsack
(1859-1924) invented the first cigarette rolling machine. He
received 2 patents for it in 1881. Bonsack's machine was able to
produce 120,000 cigarettes in ten hours, revolutionizing the
cigarette industry. In 2007 Allan M. Brandt authored “The Cigarette
Century: The Rise and Fall, and Deadly Persistence of the Product
that Defined America.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Albert_Bonsack)
1880 The Przewalski’s horse, a
wild sub-species of an ancient type was discovered in Mongolia about
this time. 1870s, The Russian explorer, Colonel Nicholas Prjevalski,
traveled through Mongolia. The wild horses of the Mongolian steppes
are named after him.
(NG, Oct. 1988, p.493)(SFC, 4/14/96, T-1)
1880 Pueblo Chochiti men led
anthropologist Adolph F.A. Bandolier to Frijoles Canyon in New
Mexico. Bandolier later authored the novel on Pueblo life called
“The Delightmakers.” Cliff dwelling in the area were preserved
(1916) in a national park named after Bandelier.
(SSFC, 8/1/04, p.D7)
1880 Woodsmen march west to
Wisconsin clearing forests of white pine, yellow birch, hemlock,
maple, and oak.
(NOHY, Weiner, 3/90, p.51)
1880 Johnson Chestnut
Whittaker, one of the first blacks to attend West Point, was
assaulted in his room by three masked men. No one confessed and
Whittaker was expelled when the school concluded that he faked the
attack. In 1995 Pres. Clinton awards a military commission to
Whittaker posthumously.
(WSJ, 7/25/95, p.A-1)
1880 Daniel Mooney, a
prospector, plunged to his death and gave his name to Mooney Falls
in Havasu Canyon, Arizona.
(SSFC, 2/19/06, p.F4)
1880 Sydney journalists J.F.
Archibald and John Haynes founded “The Bulletin” with an editorial
focus on political and business commentary, with some literary
content. The magazine shut down in 2008 due to falling circulation
blamed in part on the Internet.
(AP, 1/24/08)
1880 Melbourne, Australia, held
an Int’l. Exposition.
(Hem, 8/02, p.46)
1880 In Austria Dr. Josef
Breuer (1842-1925) found his patient Bertha Pappenheim (aka Anna O),
an hysteric woman, was relieved of symptoms after he had induced her
to recall unpleasant past experiences under hypnosis. His talk
therapy involved some 1,000 hours of treatment. The case introduced
Freud to the cathartic method, the “talking cure,” pivotal in his
later work.
(www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/79009/Josef-Breuer)(Econ,
3/5/11, p.85)
1880 The Sarajevo Brewery was
built. Builders dug 3 wells down 600 feet to provide water for the
brewery. The Austro-Hungarian empire ruled Bosnia at this time.
(SFC,10/27/97, p.A8)
1880 Britain assigned all North
American Arctic islands to Canada, right up to Ellesmere Island.
From this vast swath of territory were created three provinces
(Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta) and two territories (Yukon and
Nunavut), and two extensions each to Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Confederation)
1880 A British effort to tunnel
under the Channel stopped after 1½ miles. The Chunnel
was completed in 1994.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R49)
1880 William Harry Grindley
started W.H. Grindley & Co. of Tunstall, Staffordshire, England,
for the manufacture of English china. The business continued until
1991.
(SFC, 12/19/07, p.G5)
1880 Britain’s exports of
manufactured goods accounted for 40% of the global total.
(Econ, 2/3/07, SR p.3)
1880 Colonel Olcott and Madame
Blavatsky took Buddhist vows in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
(Smith., 5/95, p.120)
1880 Swedish Egyptologist Karl
Piehl uncovered the tomb of Amenhotep, the deputy seal-bearer of the
Pharaoh King Tuthmosis III (1504BC-1452BC), in the city of Luxor,
about 600 km (375 miles) to the south of the capital Cairo. It later
disappeared under the sand and was rediscovered in 2009.
(Reuters, 3/1/09)
1880 Abi Hasira (b.1807), a
Jewish kabbalist (aka Abu Hassira, Jacoub Ben Masoud, Yaakov
Abuhatzeira) and the son of the chief rabbi of Morocco, died in
Damanhur, near Alexandria, Egypt, following an attempted trip to the
Holy Land. He is revered by some Jews as a mystic renowned for his
piety and for performing miracles. His gravesite became popular with
pilgrims.
(http://tinyurl.com/7pryucu)(AP, 1/4/10)
1880 The Hotel Concorde
Saint-Lazare was built near the St. Lazare train station in Paris at
the behest of the government to encourage travel by train. In 2006
the hotel was purchased by Westbrook Partners, an American private
equity group.
(Econ, 12/23/06, p.98)
1880 France resurrected
Bastille Day as a national holiday. The July 14 holiday had been
abolished by Napoleon Bonaparte. “La Marseillaise” was adopted as
the French national anthem. In 2008 Christopher Prendergast authored
“the Fourteenth of July: And the Taking of the Bastille.”
(Econ, 7/12/08, p.91)
1880 The Hermes harness makers
of France added saddle-making to their manufacturing list.
(Hem., 7/95, p.27)
1880 The French colonized
Polynesia.
(SFEC, 3/2/97, p.T12)
c1880 The Durif grape was named
by Francois Durif, French botanist and grape breeder, as the result
of an unintended crossing between two varieties. California vines
labeled Petite Sirah were later identified as Durif. In 1998 the
Durif grape was identified as a cross between the French grape
Peloursin and Syrah
(SFC, 1/20/05, p.F5)
1880 Heinrich Schliemann,
German entrepreneur and archeologist, donated the treasure he found
at the site of Troy to Germany in 1881. He had dubbed the collection
"Priam’s Treasure." The archeologist bequeathed the treasure "to the
German people for undivided and eternal preservation in the capital
of the Reich" in 1880. [must have been on the cusp]
(SFC, 4/16/96, p.A-9)(WSJ, 4/17/96, p.A-18)
1880 Irish tenant farmers,
seeking rent cuts after poor harvests, staged a protest and refused
to respond to eviction notices from estate manager Charles Boycott
(thus immortalizing his name).
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R49)
1880 A tablet known as the
Siloam inscription was found in a tunnel hewed to channel water from
a spring outside Jerusalem's walls into the city and taken by the
Holy Land's Ottoman rulers to Istanbul. It was later placed in the
collection of the Istanbul Archaeology Museum. The tunnel was
constructed around 700 BC, a project mentioned in the Old
Testament's Book of Chronicles. The tablet was installed to
celebrate the moment the two construction teams of King Hezekiah met
underground. In 2007 Jerusalem's mayor asked the Turkish government
to return the tablet.
(AP, 7/13/07)
1880 Japan’s Yokohama Specie
Bank was founded. It became the Bank of Tokyo in 1946. Following
later mergers it became part of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group
in 2005.
(WSJ, 9/23/08, p.C1)
1880 Jordan, Lebanon and
Palestine were part of Syria under Ottoman rule.
(Econ, 5/27/06, p.80)
1880 Palestinian nun Sister
Maria Alfonsina Danil Ghattas (1843) and Father Joseph Tannous
co-founded the Sisters of the Most Holy Rosary of Jerusalem. In 2009
she was beatified, an important step toward sainthood.
(www.zenit.org/article-26823?l=english)(SFC,
11/23/09, p.A2)
1880 Russia began keeping
records of its weather.
(Econ, 7/31/10, p.40)
1880 Sadiq Bey, an Egyptian
army colonel, took the first known photographs of Mecca and Medina.
He traveled extensively between 1860-1880 and kept itineraries of
his travels. The photos were sold to the Saudi government in 1998.
(WSJ, 6/19/98, p.W12)
1880 In Spain Captain Salvador
Ordonez developed a new artillery piece to defend harbors and
military installations.
(G, Spring/98, p.5)
1880 The city of Timbuktu,
later part of Mali, became part of the French colony of Upper
Senegal.
(ON, 11/06, p.7)
1880 In Zaire Catholicism
became established. In 1980 Pope John visited Kinshasa for the
centennial of Catholicism in Zaire.
(SFC, 7/18/97, p.A10)
1880-1889 The San Francisco Belt Line began
operating during this period to move freight from ships docked at
the port for trans-shipment by rail.
(SSFC, 10/18/09, p.A2)
1880s Lord Bryce published "The
American Commonwealth."
(WSJ, 3/12/98, p.A16)
1880s There was a petition to
Congress by 52 Indians of Yosemite requesting $1 million to
relinquish rights to the valley. There is no record of any response.
(SFEC, 5/18/97, Z1 p.4)
1880s Blacks fell prey to a
resurgent Southern racism that culminated in the rigid system of
segregation and exploitation that went by the name of "Jim Crow."
(WSJ, 5/7/99, p.A6)
1880s Henry D. Cogswell,
dentist, made a fortune in SF real estate. He was a man of
temperance and financed a number of fountains that were donated to
cities in America, including the one in Washington D.C. on 7th St.
(HT, 4/97, p.80)
1880s The Rockland Lime and
Lumber Company burned local redwood off the Big Sur coastline to
produce lime from the naturally occurring limestone. It was then
packed into barrels and shipped to Monterey and SF where it was used
to make cement. The site later became Limekiln State Park.
(SFEC, 3/30/97, p.T3)
1880s In great land runs of the
US, settlers jumped the gun to go to Oklahoma, which thus became
nicknamed the Sooner State. In the Choctaw language, Oklahoma means
red human. [see 1889]
(SFC, 4/14/96, T-6)
1880s The Aunt Jemima
Manufacturing Co. was founded in St. Joseph, Mo. The firm was sold
to the R.T. Davis Milling Co. in the early 1890s.
(SFC,10/22/97, Z1 p.7)
1880s Margarete Steiff went
into business making stuffed animals. In the mid-1920s she
introduced stuffed Jocko and other stuffed chimpanzees, named after
famous circus chimps.
(SFC, 5/20/98, Z1 p.6)
1880s The Mapuche Indians were
conquered by the Chilean army. By 2000 they lost nearly 95% of their
land on the Bio Bio River.
(SFEC, 5/7/00, p.A18)
1880s Anti-Semitism in France
spread as a creed to the Catholic, royalist right. A belief was
rampant that there existed a Jewish "syndicate" whose occult
influence had shaped French affairs since the Revolution. This
belief inspired "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion" and a book by
Edouard Drumont titled "Jewish France" that sold through 200
editions.
(WSJ, 8/1/96 p.A13)
1880s In Germany Louis
Doberman, a night watchman and keeper of the local dog pound,
refined the dog that bears his name into a fierce creature.
(SFC, 12/11/99, p.B6)
1880s The Palace of Justice in
Valladolid, Mexico, was built by Belgian engineer Guillermo Wodon de
Sorinne.
(SSFC, 11/17/02, p.C11)
1880s Namibia was made a German
protectorate and the deadly Deutsche Schutzruppe "peacekeeping
regiment" quelled the tribes. They eventually annihilated 75% of the
Herero and Nama peoples.
(SFEC, 3/1/98, p.T4)
1880s-1890s The art phenomenon of "tonalism" was a
darker cousin to Impressionism. Some of its practitioners were
George Innes, Thomas Wilmer Dewing and J. Alden Weir.
(WSJ, 11/2/99, p.A24)
1880s-1890s Lev Ivanov was the second ballet
master of the St. Petersburg imperial theaters, assistant to Marius
Petipa. In 1997 Roland John Wiley published "The Life and Ballets of
Lev Ivanov."
(WSJ, 11/18/97, p.A20)
1880-1900 Rodin worked on his "Gates of Hell" over
this period.
(SFC, 8/18/99, p.D5)
1880-1914 This period of time is examined in
through an economic perspective by Guilio Gallarotti in his Anatomy
of an International Monetary Regime: The Classical Gold Standard
1880-1914.
(WSJ, 8/3/95, p.A-8)
1880-1920 The Beaux-Arts style defined Manhattan
building over this period. It was named after the Ecole des
Beaux-Arts in Paris where many American architects studied. The
style reflects a modern interpretation of classical references, e.g.
columns, domes, carved marble and worked bronze.
(WSJ, 4/22/97, p.A20)
1880-1920 Over 2 billion board feet of white pine
were shipped out of northern Minnesota to build the towns and cities
of a growing America. In 2004 Jeff Forester authored “The Forest for
the Trees: How Humans shaped the North Woods.”
(NH, 10/1/04, p.70)
1880-1920 The population of Congo was halved due
to murder, starvation, exhaustion, exposure, disease, and a lowered
birth rate due to the exploitation by King Leopold II.
(SFEC, 9/27/98, BR p.1)
1880-1930 The 3rd wave of immigrants arrived in
Hawaii to work on sugar cane and then pineapple plantations owned by
Europeans and Americans. The first workers were Chinese and they
were followed by Japanese, Okinawans, Koreans, Puerto Ricans,
Portuguese and Filipinos.
(SFEM, 2/8/98, p.10,32)
1880-1930 A 2nd major wave of Italians immigrated
to California. The 1st wave was in 1850-1870.
(SSFC, 7/10/05, p.D5)
1880-1936 Oswald Spengler, German philosopher,
author of the Decline of the West.
(AHD, 1971, p.1242)
1880-1940 This period in the colonial history of
Kenya was chronicled with a collection of photographs in 2008 by
Nigel Pavit in his book “Kenya: A Country in the Making.”
(WSJ, 9/27/08, p.W11)
1880-1942 Robert Musil, Austrian writer. His work
included "The Man Without Qualities."
(SFEC, 1/31/99, BR p.9)
1880-1946 Arthur Dove, American painter, was a
native of upstate New York and received a stipend from Duncan
Phillips at age 50 that allowed him to paint full time. He reduced
natural forms to what he called "extractions" and tried to create
the sensory experience of being in nature.
(SFC,10/15/97, p.D3)(WSJ, 3/6/98, p.A13)
1880-1946 Channing Pollock, American author and
dramatist: "Happiness is a way station between too much and too
little."
(AP, 10/27/99)
1880-1950 In 2002 Robert M. Fogelson of MIT
authored "Downtown: Its Rise and Fall, 1880-1950." It was a look at
how big cities stumbled into decline.
(SSFC, 3/31/02, p.M6)
1880-1954 B.C. Forbes, Scottish journalist: "You
have no idea how big the other fellow's troubles are."
(AP, 12/17/98)
1880-1956 H.L. Mencken, American author and
journalist: "It is the dull man who is always sure, and the sure man
who is always dull." "One may no more live in the world without
picking up the moral prejudices of the world than one will be able
to go to Hell without perspiring." "Injustice is relatively easy to
bear; what stings is justice."
(AP, 5/14/97)(AP, 6/14/98)(AP,
10/10/98)
1880-1958 Dame Christabel Pankhurst, English
suffragist: "Never lose your temper with the press or the public is
a major rule of political life."
(AP, 3/21/99)
1880-1960 Kathleen Norris, American author: "Each
and every one of us has one obligation, during the bewildered days
of our pilgrimage here: the saving of his own soul, and secondarily
and incidentally thereby affecting for good such other souls as come
under our influence."
(AP, 12/6/98)
1880-1962 R.H. Tawney, English historian, drew a
strong connection between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism.
(V.D.-H.K.p.167)
1881 Jan 2, Camille
Saint-Saens' 3rd Concerto in B premiered.
(MC, 1/2/02)
1881 Feb 4, Fernand Leger
(d.1955), French painter, was born.
(HN, 2/4/01)
1881 Jan 4, The "Academic
Festival Overture" by Johannes Brahms premiered in Breslau.
(MC, 1/4/02)
1881 Jan 22, Ancient Egyptian
obelisk, "Cleopatra's Needle," was erected in Central Park.
(MC, 1/22/02)
1881 Feb 4, Kliment J.
Woroshilov, marshal, president USSR (1953-60), was born.
(MC, 2/4/02)
1881 Feb 5, Phoenix, Ariz., was
incorporated.
(AP, 2/5/97)
1881 Feb 5, Thomas Carlyle
(b.1795), Scottish essayist and historian, died in London.
(www.kirjasto.sci.fi/carlyle.htm)
1881 Feb 9, Feodor M.
Dostoevsky (59), Russian novelist (Crime & Punishment), died.
(MC, 2/9/02)
1881 Feb 10, The Offenbach
(d.1880) opera "Les Contes d’Hoffman" (Tales of Hoffman) had its
premiere at the Opera-Comique.
(WSJ, 11/18/96, p.A10)( LGC-HCS, p.310)
1881 Feb 14, Otto Selz, German
psychologist, was born.
(MC, 2/14/02)
1881 Feb 19, Kansas became the
first state to prohibit all alcoholic beverages.
(AP, 2/19/98)
1881 Feb 26, Natal British
troops under General-Major Colley occupied Majuba Hill.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1881 Feb 26, SS Ceylon began
its 1st round-the-world cruise from Liverpool.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1881 Mar 4, Fiction’s Sherlock
Holmes and Watson began "A Study in Scarlet", their 1st case
together.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1881 Mar 4, James A. Garfield
was inaugurated as 20th President.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1881 Mar 4, California became
the 1st state to pass plant quarantine legislation.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1881 Mar 4, South African
President Kruger accepted a cease-fire with the British in the First
Boer War (1880-1881 – aka Transvaal Revolt). [see Mar 23]
(SC, 3/4/02)
1881 Mar 13, Alexander II (62),
Tsar of Russia, was assassinated when a bomb was thrown at him near
his palace by the anarchist group People’s Will led by Sophia
Perovskaya. He was succeeded by his son Alexander III (36). A wave
of repression and persecution followed. In 2005 Edvard Radzinsky
authored the biography “Alexander II: The Last Great Tsar.”
(PCh, 1992, p.557)(WSJ, 4/17/03, p.D8)(WSJ,
10/27/05, p.D7)
1881 Mar 16, Barnum &
Bailey Circus debuted. [see Mar 18]
(MC, 3/16/02)
1881 Mar 16, Modest P.
Mussorgsky (42), Russian composer (Boris Godunov), died. [see Mar
28]
(MC, 3/16/02)
1881 Mar 18, Barnum and
Bailey’s Greatest Show on Earth opened in Madison Square Gardens.
[see Mar 16]
(HN, 3/18/98)
1881 Mar 23, Hermann
Staudinger, chemist, plastics researcher (Nobel '53), was born in
Germany.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1881 Mar 23, Roger Martin du
Guard, French novelist (Les Thibault-Nobel 1937), was born.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1881 Mar 23, Boers and Britain
signed a peace accord. This ended the 1st Boer war.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1881 Mar 23, Gas lamp set fire
to Nice, France, opera house and 70 died.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1881 Mar 28, "Greatest Show On
Earth" was formed by P.T. Barnum and James A. Bailey. [see 1879 and
Mar 16,18, 1881]
(MC, 3/28/02)
1881 Mar 28, Modest Petrovich
Mussorgsky (42), composer, died. [see Mar 16]
(MC, 3/28/02)
1881 Mar 29, Raymond Hood,
architect, was born.
(HN, 3/29/01)
1881
Apr 1, Anti-Jewish riots took place in Jerusalem.
(OTD)
1881
Apr 1, Kingdom post office in Netherlands opened.
(OTD)
1881 Apr 7, Lewis R. Redmond, a
North Carolina moonshiner wanted for murder, was cornered at his
home. He was shot 6 times while trying to escape, but survived and
was convicted and sentenced to 10 years in prison. He served just 3
years and returned to work for a licensed distillery.
(WSJ, 3/20/09, p.W11)
1881 Apr 8, Fernand Lamy,
composer, was born.
(MC, 4/8/02)
1881 Apr 11, River ferry
"Princess Victoria" sank in Thames River, Ontario, and 180 died.
[see May 24]
(MC, 4/11/02)
1881 Apr 19, Benjamin Disraeli,
1st Earl of Beaconsfield, British PM (1868, 1874-1880), novelist,
died.
(WUD, 1994
p.415)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli)
1881 Apr 22, Alexander
Kerensky, Russian PM (1917), was born in Simbirsk.
(MC, 4/22/02)
1881 Apr 23, Gilbert &
Sullivan's opera "Patience" was produced in London.
(MC, 4/23/02)
1881 Apr 27, Pogroms against
Russian Jews started in Elisabethgrad.
(MC, 4/27/02)
1881 Apr 28, Billy the Kid was
held in Lincoln County Courthouse jail, near Carrizozo N.M. for the
shooting of Sheriff William Brady, but escaped and killed two
guards. He used an 1876 single-action army revolver made by Samuel
Colt. The gun sold for $46,000 in 1998.
(SFEC, 2/23/96, p.T8,9)(AP internet 7/14/97)(WSJ,
5/22/98, p.W12)(SFC, 2/2/01, p.A14)
1881 Apr 28, Robert W.
Ollinger, US warden, last victim of Billy the Kid, died.
(MC, 4/28/02)
1881 May 1, Pierre Teilhard de
Chardin (d.1955), French Jesuit philosopher, paleontologist, was
born. He authored the "Phenomenon of Man" wherein he proposed the
idea of the noosphere, i.e. sphere of mind, in which all the minds
of all the humans on earth could be conceived of as both separate
and as combined in one great, single intelligence.
(V.D.-H.K.p.388)(MC, 5/1/02)
1881 May 4, Aleksandr F.
Kerenski, Russian premier (1917) Predecessor to Bolshevist
coup), was born.
(MC, 5/4/02)
1881 May 5, Anti-Jewish rioting
took place in Kiev, Ukraine.
(MC, 5/5/02)
1881 May 8, Henry Morton
Stanley signed a contract with a Congo monarch. [see Sep 24]
(MC, 5/8/02)
1881 May 12, The Treaty of
Bardo established Tunis [Tunisia] as a French protectorate. The
French withdrew their forces after signing the treaty. The terms of
the agreement gave France responsibility for the defense and foreign
policy decisions of Tunisia. Henceforth, Tunis became a French
protectorate
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Bardo)
1881 May 14, Rudolph Karstadt
founded his first store in Wismar, Germany. In 1999 Karstadt merged
with Quelle, a mail-order business founded in 1927 by Gustav
Schickedanz. By 2009 the venerable German chain, which
included the famous Berlin department store KaDeWe, faced bankruptcy
after years of erratic management.
(WSJ, 7/17/06,
p.C8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quelle_(company))(AFP, 9/3/10)
1881 May 14, Mary Seacole
(b.1805), Jamaican nurse, died. She is best known for her efforts in
the Crimean War during the 1850s. She borrowed money to make the
4,000-mile (about 6500 km) journey by herself and distinguished
herself treating battlefield wounded, often nursing wounded soldiers
from both sides while under fire.
(AP, 4/19/10)
1881 May 16, World's 1st
electric tram went into service in Lichterfelder near Berlin.
(MC, 5/16/02)
1881 May 17, Frederick Douglass
was appointed recorder of deeds for Washington, D.C.
(HN, 5/17/98)
1881 May 21, Clara Barton
founded the American Red Cross.
(CFA, ‘96, p.46)(AP, 5/21/97)
1881 May 24, Some 200 people
died when the Canadian ferry Princess Victoria sank near London,
Ontario. [see Apr 11]
(AP, 5/24/97)
1881 May 24, Samuel Palmer
(b.1805), English painter and printmaker, died. He was a leading
light in a brotherhood of painters called the “Ancients,” for their
preference of archaic Gothic architecture. In 2011 Rachel
Campbell-Johnston authored “Mysterious Wisdom: the Life and Work of
Samuel Palmer.”
(Econ, 6/25/11,
p.98)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Palmer)
1881 May 29, Frederik Septimus
Kelly, composer, was born.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1881 Jun 12, The steamship USS
Jeannette sank under ice during an expedition to reach the North
Pole. The crew, having abandoned the ship, prepared 3 lifeboats in
an attempt to reach Siberia. Less than half survived. Chief engineer
George W. Melville (d.1912) made it back to NYC on Sep 13, 1883, and
in 1900 became engineer in chief of the US Navy.
(ON, 2/05, p.1,5)(http://tinyurl.com/d5622)
1881 Jun 25, Crystal Eastman,
suffragist, was born.
(HN, 6/25/01)
1881 Jun 29, Muhammad Ahmad
(1844-1855) proclaimed himself as the Mahdi or messianic redeemer of
the Islamic faith in Sudan and led a successful military campaign
against the Turco-Egyptian government of the Sudan (known as the
Turkiyah).
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad)
1881 Jul 2, Less than four
months after his inauguration, James Garfield, the 20th President of
the US, was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau, who wished to be
appointed consul to France, at the Washington railroad station.
Garfield lived out the summer with a fractured spine and seemed to
be gaining strength until he caught a chill and died on September
19. Guiteau was apprehended at the time of the shooting and, in
spite of an insanity defense, was convicted of murder. Chester Alan
Arthur became the 21st President. Guiteau was hanged in June 1882.
(A&IP, ESM, p.96b, photo,110)(HN,
7/2/98)(HNPD, 9/19/98)(AP, 7/2/07)
1881 Jul 4, In Alabama Tuskegee
Institute enrolled 30 students. It was founded by former slave
Booker T. Washington as a "normal" school and industrial institute
where "colored" people with little or no formal schooling could be
trained as teachers and skilled workers.
(NH, 2/97, p.82)(WSJ, 2/24/98, p.A22)(IB,
Internet, 12/7/98)
1881 Jul 8, Edward Berner of
Two Rivers, Wisconsin, created the Sundae.
(MC, 7/8/02)
1881 Jul 14, Outlaw Billy the
Kid (21), (born as Henry McCarty) aka William H. Bonney or Kid
Antrim, was shot and killed by Sheriff Pat Garrett in Fort Sumner,
New Mexico. Billy had been held in Lincoln County Courthouse jail
but escaped and killed two guards. The Kid had fled to Fort Sumner
and on a tip, Garrett set out toward Fort Sumner to find him, with
lawmen John Poe and Thomas C. "Kip" McKinney. According to some,
Pete Maxwell had alerted Poe to the Kid's whereabouts. Many details
about Billy the Kid's death are controversial but, apparently, as he
was returning to Maxwell's house he came upon Poe and McKinney
outside, unsure of whether they were friends or foes. Garrett was
awaiting inside, and as the Kid entered the room, Garrett shot him
above the heart. Newspaperman A.J. Fountain awarded Garrett a gold
star, which fetched $100,000 at auction in 2008. Joel Jacobsen later
authored "Such Men as Billy the Kid."
(AP, 7/14/97)(HNPD, 7/14/98)(SFC, 2/2/01,
p.A14)(SFC, 6/17/08, p.B8)
1881 Jul 20, Sioux Indian
leader Sitting Bull, a fugitive since the Battle of the Little Big
Horn, surrendered to federal troops.
(AP, 7/20/97)(HN, 7/20/98)
1881 Jul 21, Frederick Dick,
physician, was born.
(HN, 7/21/02)
1881 Jul 22, Margery Williams
Bianco, author (The Velveteen Rabbit), was born.
(HN, 7/22/02)
1881 Jul 22, The first volume
of "The War of the Rebellion," a compilation of the Official Records
of the Union and Confederate Armies, was published.
(HN, 7/22/99)
1881 Jul, US Army Lt. Augustus
W. Greely led a scientific expedition to Ellesmere Island in the
Canadian Arctic and called the site Ft. Conger. 25 American soldiers
set forth to establish a scientific base in the Arctic. There were
only 6 survivors. In 2000 Leonard Gurttridge authored "Ghosts of
Cape Sabine," which told their story.
(SFC, 3/9/00, p.D12)
1881 Aug 3, US Nation Lawn
Tennis Association removed "Nation" from name.
(SC, 8/3/02)
1881 Aug 6, Alexander Fleming
(d.1955), Scottish bacteriologist who discovered penicillin (1928),
was born. He won the Nobel Prize in 1945. Fleming first observed the
antibiotic properties of the mold that makes penicillin, but it was
Ernst Boris Chain and Howard Walter Florey who developed it into a
useful treatment.
(AHD, 1971,
p.501)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
1881 Aug 8, Paul L.E. von
Kleist, German general-fieldmarshal (Eastern Front), was born.
(MC, 8/8/02)
1881 Aug 12, Cecil B. DeMille
(d.1959), pioneering motion picture director, was born in Mass.
Before becoming a household name in the early days of movie-making,
he attended the New York Academy of Dramatic Arts and in 1900 began
working on plays with his older brother William. The director,
producer and screenwriter was most famous for his movie "The Ten
Commandments."
(HNPD, 8/12/98)(HN, 8/12/98)(SC, 8/12/02)
1881 Aug 13, The first
African-American nursing school opened at Spelman College in
Atlanta, Georgia.
(HN, 8/13/98)
1881 Aug 19, Georges Enescu,
composer (Romanian Dances), was born in Romania.
(MC, 8/19/02)
1881 Aug 20, Nikolay
Yakovlevich Myaskovsky, composer, was born in Poland of Russian
military parentage.
(MC, 8/20/02)(Internet)
1881 Aug 27, New York state’s
Pure Food Law went into effect to prevent "the adulteration of food
or drugs."
(HN, 8/27/00)
1881 Aug 27, A hurricane hit
Florida and the Carolinas; about 700 died.
(MC, 8/27/01)
1881 Aug 31, The first U.S.
tennis championships (for men) were played, in Newport, R.I.
(AP, 8/31/06)
1881 Aug, The Edison Electric
Illumination Co. began building its 1st DC generating plant in
Manhattan. The station was completed in September of 1882.
(ON, 10/04, p.5)
1881 Sep 3, Anton Bruckner
completed his 6th Symphony.
(MC, 9/3/01)
1881 Sep 5, A fire in the thumb
of Michigan killed 169 people and burned a million acres.
(SFC, 10/30/03, p.A15)
1881 Sep 13, Lewis Latimer
invented and patented an electric lamp with a carbon filament.
(MC, 9/13/01)
1881 Sep 13, Ambrose Everett
Burnside, US Union general, died at 57.
(MC, 9/13/01)
1881 Sep 15, Ettore Arco
Isidoro Bugatti (d.1947), race car builder (Amaz Bugattis), was born
in Milan, Italy.
(www.britannica.com)
1881 Sep 18, The Chicago
Tribune reported on a televideo experiment.
(MC, 9/18/01)
1881 Sep 19, The 20th president
of the United States, James A. Garfield, died of wounds inflicted by
assassin, Charles J. Guiteau. Alexander Graham Bell had made several
unsuccessful attempts to remove the assassin’s bullet with a new
metal detection device.
(AP, 9/19/97)(AP, 11/14/97)(ON, 5/02, p.9)
1881 Sep 20, Chester A. Arthur
was sworn in as the 21st president of the United States, succeeding
James A. Garfield, who had been assassinated.
(AP, 9/20/97)(HNPD, 9/19/98)
1881 Sep 24, Henry Morton
Stanley signed a contract with Congo monarch. [see May 8]
(MC, 9/24/01)
1881 Sep 26, The Alice Buck, a
ship from New York loaded with railroad iron for Portland, hit rocks
north of Point Montara. 13 were rescued and 6 people died.
(Ind, 3/31/01, 5A)
1881 Oct 4, [Heinrich AH]
Walther von Brauchitsch, German field marshal, was born.
(MC, 10/4/01)
1881 Oct 11, David Houston
patented roll film for cameras.
(MC, 10/11/01)
1881 Oct 13, A revival of the
Hebrew language began as Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and friends agreed to
use Hebrew exclusively in their conversations.
(MC, 10/13/01)
1881 Oct 15, Pelham Grenville
Wodehouse (d.1975), British writer and humorist, was born in
Guildford, Surrey, England. He produced 93 books and countless
articles and short stories. He was the creator of the two great
comic characters: Bertie Wooster and his valet, Jeeves.
(Hem., 10/’95, p.109)(HN, 10/15/00)
1881 Oct 22, Boston
Symphony Orchestra gave its 1st concert.
(www.bach-cantatas.com/Bio/BSO.htm)
1881 Oct 25, Pablo Picasso
(d.1973), painter and sculptor, was born in Malaga, Spain. He worked
in France and a painter and sculptor. Francoise Gilot was the mother
of 2 of his children. His work includes “Gilot,” and “Self-Portrait
with a Palette” (1906). He immortalized the French apéritif
Pernod by including it in many paintings. “Picasso and Dora” was
written by James Lord.
(SFC, 7/14/96, p.C11)(SFC, 8/14/96, zz-1 p.4)
(WSJ, 9/30/96, p.A14)(HN, 10/25/98)
1881 Oct 26, Wyatt Earp, his
two brothers and "Doc" Holliday showed up at the OK Corral in
Tombstone, Arizona, to disarm the Clanton and McLaury boys, who were
in violation of a ban on carrying guns in the city limits: "Gunfight
at the O.K. Corral." Billy Clanton and Tom and Frank McLaury were
killed; Earp’s brothers were wounded. This was the notorious
"Showdown at the OK Corral." In 1992 the "Encyclopedia of Western
Lawmen and Outlaws" by Jay Robert Nash was published. In 1999 Allan
Barra published "Inventing Wyatt Earp: His Life and Many Legends."
(SFC, 8/19/96, p.A3)(AP, 10/26/97)(SFEC, 6/14/98,
p.T6)(SFEC, 1/17/99, BR p.5)
1881 Nov 7, Wyatt Earp and Doc
Holliday, two participants in Tombstone, Arizona’s, famous Gunfight
at the O.K. Corral, were jailed as the hearings on what happened in
the fight grew near.
(HN, 11/7/98)
1881 Nov 14, Charles J. Guiteau
went on trial for assassinating President Garfield. Guiteau was
convicted and hanged the following year.
(AP, 11/14/97)
1881 Nov 15, The American
Federation of Labor was founded. [see Nov 17]
(HN, 11/15/98)
1881 Nov 17, Under Samuel
Gompers (d.1924), the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Union
of the United States was formed--a precursor to the American
Federation of Labor. Gompers emigrated from England to New York with
his family as a boy. He grew up working in a sweatshop and amid
discussion about labor reform. Gompers led the AFL for 40 years,
sometimes using strikes and boycotts to demand workers' rights. He
successfully changed the unionism of the 19th century in the United
States, uniting different labor groups and keeping away from
political influence to guide American laborers. [see Nov 15]
(HNPD, 11/17/98)
1881 Nov 25, Pope John the 23rd
(1958-1963) was born Angelo Roncalli near Bergamo, Italy.
(AP, 11/25/97)(MC, 11/25/01)
1881 Nov 28, Stefan Zweig
(d.1942), poet, essayist, dramatist (Beware of Pity), was born in
Vienna, Austria.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Zweig)
1881 Dec 1, Virgil, Wyatt and
Morgan Earp were exonerated in court for their action in the
Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Ariz.
(HN, 12/1/98)
1881 Dec 8, Vienna's Ring
Theater was destroyed by fire and 640-850 people were killed.
(MC, 12/8/01)
1881 Dec 10, Viscount Alexander
of Tunis, British soldier, was born. He took his title from his part
in the Allied victories in North Africa.
(HN, 12/10/99)
1881 Dec 20, Branch Ricky,
President of the Brooklyn Dodgers who made Jackie Robinson the first
black to play in the modern major leagues in 1947, was born.
(HN, 12/20/98)
1881 Dec, German-born
illustrator Thomas Nast made his familiar illustration of "Merry Old
Santa Claus" in Harper's Weekly.
(HNPD, 12/25/99)
1881 Claude Monet painted his
landscape "Paysage Dans L’Ile Saint Martin." It later ended up in
the corporate collection of Reader’s Digest.
(WSJ, 11/13/98, p.W16)
1881 Pierre-Auguste Renoir
painted "On the Terrace," a picture of a young woman and a
pink-cheeked child with the Seine in the background.
(DPCP 1984)
1881 Rodin sculpted his "Eve."
(SFEM, 11/24/96, p.46)
1881 Anton Romako (Vienna)
painted "Girl on a Swing (Olga van Wassermann)."
(SFC, 8/29/01, p.E5)
1881 In Japan Shibata Zeshin
made a book of lacquer paintings on paper, a medium that he alone
mastered.
(WSJ, 2/5/98, p.A20)
1881 Frank Baum, publisher of
the South Dakota Aberdeen Saturday Pioneer, called for the
extermination of American Indians. "Having wronged them for
centuries we had better, in order to protect our civilization,
follow it up by one more wrong and wipe these untamed and untamable
creatures from the face of the Earth." Baum later authored "The
Wizard of Oz."
(SFC, 10/10/00, p.A2)
1881 "What Mrs. Fisher Knows
About Southern Cooking" by Abby Fisher was published by the Women’s
Co-operative Printing Office.
(SFC, 6/19/96, zz1, p.1)
1881 The travel diaries “Notes
of a Pianist” by Louis Moreau Gottschalk (1829-1869) was published.
This was the 1st book of permanent interest by an American artist
who was not a full-time author. The book was reprinted in 2006.
(WSJ, 7/22/06, p.P14)
1881 Helen Hunt Jackson
(1831-1885) wrote "A Century of Dishonor: The Early Crusade for
Indian Reform."
(SFEC, 4/12/98, BR p.7)
1881 Henry James wrote his
novel "The Portrait of a Lady." He also wrote his novella
"Washington Square." Both books were later made into films.
(SFC, 5/9/97, p.D12)(SFC, 10/10/97, p.C1)
1881 A Massachusetts lighthouse
was erected in Wellfleet. It was later moved by the Coast Guard from
Wellfleet to Yerba Buena, Calif., and to Point Montara, Ca., in
1928.
(AP, 6/5/08)(SFC, 6/14/08, p.B2)
1881 James T. Lafferty, a real
estate developer, built his 65-foot, wood and tin, Lucy the Elephant
building in Margate, NJ., a suburb of Atlantic City. In 1970 the
6-story structure was relocated to a nearby park.
(SSFC, 8/19/01, p.T2)(NW, 8/26/02, p.51)(NG,
8/04, p.146)
1881 Dankmar Adler, Chicago
engineer, invited Louis Sullivan to form a partnership. There was
much work in Chicago after the Great Fire that destroyed 18,000
buildings and covered three square miles.
(Hem., 7/95, p.77)
1881 Rev. F.M. Warrington
described the mining town of Bodie, Calif., as "a sea of sin, lashed
by the tempests of lust and passion."
(SFC, 6/23/96, p.T1,3)
1881 Judge James Logan (d.1928)
produced the loganberry, saying that he invented it and raised it
from a seed.
(SFC, 11/29/97, p.C3)
1881 Henry Chadwick became
editor of the annual Spalding Guide on baseball.
(WSJ, 7/19/01, p.A20)
1881 The only recorded
19th-century incident in which Indian scouts turned against the U.S.
Army occurred at Cibicue Creek in Arizona Territory. At Cibicue
Creek, White Mountain Apache scouts were asked to campaign against
their own kin, resulting in a mutiny against the army soldiers.
Three of the mutinous scouts were later court-martialed and
executed.
(HNQ, 2/27/99)
1881 David and William White
founded their White Furniture Co. in Mebane, NC. The business
continued until 1993.
(SFC, 1/25/06, p.G2)
1881 Joseph Brandenstein opened
a coffee company in SF, naming it after his son Michael J.
Brandenstein and Co. The name was later shortened to MJB Inc.
(SFC, 6/28/97, p.D2)(SFC, 6/5/08, p.C2)
1881 The Tennessee Coal and
Railroad Co. was renamed to the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad
Co.
(WSJ, 5/28/96, R45)
1881 The USS Constitution (aka
Old Ironsides) last sailed under free sail. It was restored in 1931
and visited ports on both coasts until 1934. It sailed again in
1997.
(SFEC, 7/13/97, Par p.14)(SFC, 7/22/97, p.A1)
1881 Denver was made the
capital of the state of Colorado. Denver was named after the
governor of the Kansas Territory, James William Denver.
(HNQ, 4/4/00)
1881 Hamilton Disston
(1844-1896) negotiated with Florida Governor Bloxham and the
Internal Improvement Fund to drain all of the lands overflowed by
Lake Okeechobee and the Kissimmee River in exchange for one-half the
reclaimed land. Disston also purchased outright from the State four
million acres of overflowed lands at 25 cents an acre. He dug 80
miles of drainage canals before he ran out of money.
(www.tommymarkham.com/OCF/ocf01.htm)(Sm, 3/06,
p.52)
1881 Dutch Henry, a miner in
Oregon’s Rogue River area, went on trial for the murder of a
suspiciously large number of fellow miners in “self defense,” but
was not convicted.
(SSFC, 3/18/07, p.G4)
1881 The Michigan Legislature
required that the bodies of indigents, who would otherwise be buried
by the state, to be turned over to the Univ. of Michigan Medical
School.
(MT, Fall/99, p.3)
1881 Alice Freeman Palmer
became the forward-thinking president of Wellesley College after
graduating from the Univ. of Mich. in 1876.
(LSA., Fall 1995, p.12)
1881 Enrico Rosenzi and
Benjamin Lupton, founder of the West Side Glass Co. of Bridgeton,
NJ, patented Ferroline, an opaque black glass. Their factory burned
down in 1885 and production ceased in 1886 as sales faltered.
(SFC, 12/5/07, p.G2)
1881 The Wharton School was
founded in Pennsylvania. In 2003 it was recognized as the oldest and
best business school in the US.
(WSJ, 9/17/03, p.A1)
1881 The city directory of San
Francisco indicated 233,959 residents, 428 restaurants, 342 oyster
saloons, 18 oyster dealers, 90 coffee saloons, 299 bakeries, 254
retail butchers, 205 fresh fruit sellers, some 1400 grocers and an
equal number of bars, 40 brewers and 15 champagne importers.
(SFC, 6/19/96, Z1, p.1)
1881 The story of California’s
Asti Winery began as Italian Swiss Colony when Italian immigrant
Andrea Sbarboro invited anybody of Italian or Swiss descent to join
him and work on land at Asti in northern California to produce wine
and share profits. Their first vintage in 1886 was called Tipo
Chianti. In 2004 Jack Florence authored “Legacy of a Village: The
Italian Swiss Colony Winery and People of Asti, California.”
(SSFC, 5/31/09, p.E6)
1881 William H. Purvis
introduced macadamia nuts to Hawaii.
(www.hawaiiag.org/history.htm)
1881 George B. Mattoon founded
his Mattoon Manufacturing Co. in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. From 1904 to
the 1950s the company manufactured upscale furniture. The name of
the company was changed to Northern Furniture following Mattoon’s
death (1916), when the Reiss family took over and re-named it R-Way
Furniture. The Northern Furniture brand name continued.
(SFC, 10/4/06, p.G2)
1881 In London a court and
police station on Bow Street opened opposite the Royal Opera House
in Covent Garden. The Bow Street court closed in 2006.
(SFC, 7/14/06, p.A2)
1881 The area around Bosnia was
annexed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Pope Leo XIII reasserted
the Catholic Church with dioceses in Sarajevo, Banja Luka and
Mostar.
(SFC, 4/15/97, p.A10)
1881 William Cornelius Van
Horne (1843-1915), Illinois-born railroad manager, joined the
Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) as general manager with the task of
managing the construction of the trans Canada railway.
(ON, 11/07,
p.9)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cornelius_Van_Horne)
1881 Francis Edgeworth
(1845-1926), Irish-born economist, proposed the creation of a
“hedonimeter,” which would measure the utility that each individual
gained from his decisions.
(Econ, 7/26/08,
p.84)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Ysidro_Edgeworth)
1881 Chilean soldiers pillaged
Peru’s national library during the War of the Pacific. In 2007 Chile
returned 3,778 books taken by its soldiers.
(SFC, 11/7/07, p.A3)
1881 In Chile the Mapuches
Indians made peace with the government. Their name means "people of
the earth."
(SFC, 10/21/99, p.A12)
1881 A German expedition to
Chile that took 11 Kawesqar Indians to Europe to appear in what was
later described as a human zoo. 5 of the Indians died in 1882 in
Zurich, Switzerland. Their remains were repatriated in 2010.
(AP, 1/12/10)
1881 The French state finally
relinquished its hold on the arts and turned power over to the
Societe des artistes Français.
(Calg. Glen., 1996)
1881 Heinrich Schliemann,
German entrepreneur and archeologist, donated the treasure he found
at the site of Troy to Germany in 1881. He had dubbed the collection
"Priam’s Treasure." The archeologist bequeathed the treasure "to the
German people for undivided and eternal preservation in the capital
of the Reich" in 1880.
(SFC, 4/16/96, p.A-9)(WSJ, 4/17/96, p.A-18)
1881 The Aug. Schatz &
Sohne company was founded in Triburg, Germany, to produce clocks.
These included anniversary clocks, also called 400-day clocks,
because they could be wound to run for more than 365 days.
(SFC, 2/21/07, p.G3)
1881 The first complete census
of India’s population was conducted on a uniform basis providing the
most complete and continuous demographic record for any comparable
population.
(http://tinyurl.com/5wdrbws)
1881 In Japan the Asahi Shimbun
newspaper became jointly owned by Ryuhei Murayama and Riichi Ueno.
(SFC,10/20/97, p.A19)
1881 A writer named Carle Liche
published an article in the Antananarivo Annual and Madagascar
Magazine that described his travels in Madagascar. He claimed to be
the first European to contact the Mkodo tribe of cave-dwelling
pigmies and described a man-eating tree and a ceremony in which a
woman was sacrificed to the sacred tree. The story was debunked in
1955 by science writer Willy Ley, who established that Liche was a
pseudonym and that the Mkodos and their tree were fictional
creations.
(SSFC, 10/31/10, p.K2)
1881 Kemal Ataturk (d.1938),
first president (1923-38) of the Republic of Turkey, was born.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk)
1881 Hamdi Bey (1842-1910),
Ottoman statesman painter and archeologist, founded the
Archeological Museum of Istanbul. It opened in 1891.
(NH, 6/03,
p.44)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Hamdi_Bey)
1881 Ottoman forces crushed
Albanian resistance fighters at Prizren. The League's leaders and
families were arrested and deported.
(www, Albania, 1998)
1881 A large pogrom took place
against the Jews in Odessa, Ukraine.
(Econ, 12/18/04, p.88)
1881 In Montevideo, Uruguay,
the central fountain of Ciudad Vieja was built by Italians.
(SSFC, 10/30/05, p.F6)
1881 King Lobengula left an
encampment to regroup his "induna" warriors as colonial forces
advanced toward it. In 1993 Lobengula's tribal capital was rebuilt
as a symbolic national monument near the second city of Bulawayo,
Zimbabwe, and became a center of academic and historical studies. In
2010 a bush fire destroyed the historic site.
(AP, 8/26/10)
1881-1882 Although Pierre-Auguste Renoir embraced
Impressionism early on, his travels to Algeria, Italy, and Provence
from 1881-82 led him to reject the style. Renoir came from a family
of artisans, who soon noticed and encouraged his aptitude for
painting. When Renoir decided to study painting in earnest, he found
himself stifled by the conventions and traditions of the day. Renoir
and some of his fellow students (Frédéric Bazille,
Claude Monet and Alfred Sisley) began meeting with young painters
Paul Cézanne and Camille Pissarro and a style developed.
Although critical and financial success did not come to the group
with the first Impressionist exposition of 1874, Renoir’s interest
in the human figure (as opposed to landscapes) led him to receive
several portrait commissions. The trips in the early 1880s exposed
him to elements of classicism that he felt drawn to in terms of both
color and brushstrokes. However, despite his newfound interest, he
retained the use of vibrant coloration and a bucolic view of nature.
(HNQ, 5/23/01)
1881-1882 Dr. Muller of Germany was said to be
working at the Swiss Geisenheim viticultural station when he made
the crossing that joined the late-ripening Riesling and the
early-ripening and prolific Silvaner. The grape became know as
Muller-Thurgau. Müller-Thurgau entered the well-kept records of
Germany's vineyards in 1921, but it was not until a major symposium
on the crossing was held at Alzey in 1938 that it gained any
widespread acceptance.
(www.winepressnw.com/features/story/4842844p-4779998c.html)
1881-1890 The currency base of the US declined
some 60% as the old Civil War bonds are paid off. This led to panics
and instability.
(WSJ,11/24/95, p.A-8)
1881-1885 Chester A. Arthur, Vice-President under
Garfield, was the 21st President of the US.
(A&IP, ESM, p.96b, photo)
1881-1885 Fort Hays, Kansas, was the temporary
home to the black "buffalo soldiers."
(NH, 7/98, p.30)
1881-1906 The town of Calico in San Bernadino
County, Ca., grew during the gold rush. 50 mines produced some $21
million in silver over this period.
(SFC, 6/24/02, p.A13)
1881-1919 Some 59 laborers, mostly Chinese
immigrants, were killed during this period in explosions at the
California Powder Works in Hercules. They were paid 12.5 cents per
hour.
(SFEC, 9/20/98, Z1 p.4)
c.1881-1927 Mary Webb, Scottish religious leader:
The more anybody wants a thing, the more they do think others want
it. "The well of Providence is deep. It's the buckets we bring to it
that are small."
(AP, 7/7/97)(AP, 12/9/98)
1881-1934 In Germany Ernst Paul Lehmann made tin
toys over this period in Brandenburg. His toys included a toy mule
that kicked while pulling a cart driven by a clown called "the balky
mule." The toy was valued at $1,500 in 1997.
(SFC,11/26/97, Z1 p.7)
1881-1945 Bela Bartok, Hungarian composer. His
works include the opera: "Bluebeard’s Castle," and his pantomime
score: "The Miraculous Mandarin," which first premiered in Cologne
in 1926. Also he wrote: a Concerto for Orchestra, a Solo Violin
Sonata, Third Piano Concerto, Four Pieces for Orchestra, the Contata
Profana, a folk ballad for chorus and soloists.
(WSJ, 8/24/95, p.A-14)
1881-1958 Rose Macaulay, English poet and
essayist: "Work is a dull thing; you cannot get away from that. The
only agreeable existence is one of idleness, and that is not,
unfortunately, always compatible with continuing to exist at all."
(AP, 12/30/97)
1881-1959 Edgar A. Guest, American author,
journalist and poet: "The best of all the preachers are the men who
live their creeds."
(AP, 8/14/98)
1881-1960 Franklin Pierce Adams, F.P.A., American
journalist, columnist, humorist and author. "There are plenty of
good five-cent cigars in the country. The trouble is they cost a
quarter. What this country really needs is a good five-cent nickel."
(AHD, 1971, p.14)(AP, 5/8/99)
1881-1970 Alexander Kerensky, Russian
revolutionary leader. He led a more centrist group of
revolutionaries as opposed to the extreme left minority group of
Lenin.
(V.D.-H.K.p.261)
1882 Jan 2, Oscar Wilde arrived
in New York City and began to tour the US with lectures on the
aesthetic movement.
(HT, 3/97, p.16)
1882 Jan 2, Because of
anti-monopoly laws, Standard Oil was organized as a trust. Attorney
Samuel Dodd of Standard Oil first had the idea of a trust. A board
of trustees was set up, and all the Standard properties were placed
in its hands.
(www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=51)
1882 Jan 6, Sam Rayburn
(d.1961), U.S. Democrat congressman from Texas who became the
Speaker of the House of Representatives (1940-46, 1949-53), was
born.
(HN, 1/6/99)(HNQ, 4/7/00)
1882 Jan 18, A.A. [Alan
Alexander] Milne, novelist, humorist and journalist who wrote Winnie
the Pooh, was born.
(HN, 1/18/99)
1882 Jan 25, Virginia Woolf
(d.1941), English author, critic, was born. She was a member of the
intellectual circle known as the Bloomsbury Group and wrote "Mrs.
Dalloway" and "Orlando." "On the outskirts of every agony sits some
observant fellow who points." "I read the Book of Job last night, I
don’t think God comes out of it well." "The compensation of growing
old was simply this: that the passions remain as strong as ever, but
one has gained—at last! -- the power which adds the supreme flavor
to existence, the power of taking hold of experience, of turning it
round, slowly, in the light." In 1997 Panthea Reid published: "Art
and Affection: A Life of Virginia Woolf." In 1998 Mitchell Leaska
published: "Granite and Rainbow: The Life of Virginia Woolf."
(AP, 7/6/97)(IW 12/29/97)(AP, 1/18/98)(SFC,
5/25/98, p.E6)(HN, 1/25/99)
1882 Jan 30, Franklin D.
Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (1933-1945), was born
in Hyde Park, N.Y. He led the country out of the Great Depression
and through most of World War II.
(AP, 1/30/98)(HN, 1/30/99)(MC, 1/30/02)
1882 Jan 31, Anna Pavlova,
ballerina, choreographer, was born in St. Petersburg, Russia.
(MC, 1/31/02)
1882 Feb 2, James Joyce
(d.1941), Irish novelist and poet was born near Dublin. He wrote
"Ulysses" and "Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man." From
"Ulysses": "History, Stephen said, is a nightmare from which I am
trying to awake." In 1998 John Wyse Jackson and Peter Costello
published the biography: "John Stanislaus Joyce: The Voluminous Life
and Genius of James Joyce’s Father."
(AP, 6/22/98)(AP, 2/2/99)(HN, 2/2/99)
1882 Feb 7, American pugilist
John L. Sullivan became the last of the bare-knuckle world
heavyweight champions with his defeat of Patty Ryan in Mississippi
City.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_L._Sullivan)
1882 Feb 14, George Jean Nathan
(d.1958), US editor, author, critic (Smart Set, American Mercury),
was born: "Love demands infinitely less than friendship."
(AP, 4/30/99)(MC, 2/14/02)
1882 Feb 15, John Barrymore,
actor, was born in Philadelphia. He was sibling to actors Lionel
Barrymore & Ethel Barrymore, father of actors John Drew
Barrymore & Diana Barrymore and grandfather of actor Drew
Barrymore.
(HN, 2/15/01)(MC, 2/15/02)
1882 Feb 15, SS Dunedin left
New Zealand with 1st frozen meat for England.
(MC, 2/15/02)
1882 Feb 28, Geraldine Farrar,
US soprano, actress (Story of American Singer), was born.
(MC, 2/28/02)
1882 Mar 3, New York Steam Corp
began distributing steam to Manhattan buildings.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1882 Mar 9, False teeth were
patented. [see 1822]
(MC, 3/9/02)
1882 Mar 16, US Senate ratified
a treaty establishing the Red Cross.
(MC, 3/16/02)
1882 Mar 18, Morgan Earp was
gunned down while playing pool.
(MesWP)
1882 Mar 19, Gaston Lachaise
(d.1935), Franco-American sculptor (Standing Woman), was born.
(SFC, 2/2/02, p.D1)(MC, 3/19/02)
1882 Mar 22, US Congress
outlawed polygamy. The Edmunds-Tucker Act was adopted by the US to
suppress polygamy in the territories. [see Morrill Act 1862]
President Chester Arthur signed a measure outlawing polygamy.
(SFEM, 6/28/98, p.39)(AP, 3/22/08)
1882 Mar 24, German scientist
Robert Koch announced in Berlin that he had discovered the bacillus
responsible for tuberculosis.
(AP, 3/23/97)
1882 Mar 24, Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow (b.1807), US poet (Song of Hiawatha), died. He is the
sole American honored with a bust in the Poet’s Corner of
Westminster Abbey. In 2000 J.D. McClatchy edited "Longfellow: Poems
and Other Writings."
(WSJ, 10/31/00,
p.A24)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow)
1882 Mar 25, 1st demonstration
of pancake making was in a NYC Dept store.
(MC, 3/25/02)
1882 Mar 29, The Knights of
Columbus was granted a charter by the state of Connecticut.
(AP, 3/29/07)
1882 Apr 3, Wood block alarm
was invented. When alarm rang it dropped 20 wood blocks.
(MC, 4/3/02)
1882 Apr 3, Outlaw Jesse James
(34) was shot in the back and killed at his home in St. Joseph, Mo.,
by Robert Ford, a cousin and member of his own gang for a $5,000
reward. Jesse and Frank James, the bank robbing James brothers, were
born as Woodson and Alexander. In 1995 the body of Jesse James was
exhumed for DNA testing. The test proved that it was James, who was
killed in 1882. In 2000 Desmond Barry authored the novel "The
Chivalry of Crime" based on the story of Jesse James. In 2000 the
body of a man, J. Frank Dalton (d.1951), who claimed to be Jesse
James was exhumed for DNA analysis.
(AP, 4/3/97)(SFC,12/26/97, p.C22)(SFEC, 4/23/00,
BR p.5)(SFC, 5/31/00, p.A4)(HNQ, 6/21/00)(HN, 4/3/02)
1882 Apr 10, Capt. William
Matson sailed the schooner Emma Claudina through the Golden Gate
toward Hawaii. Matson had just founded his shipping company to cover
service between San Francisco and Hawaii.
(SSFC, 2/18/07, DB p.58)
1882 Apr 13, An anti-Semitic
League formed in Prussia.
(MC, 4/13/02)
1882 Apr 17, Artur Schnabel,
pianist (Beethoven Piano Sonatas), was born in Lipnik, Austria.
(MC, 4/17/02)
1882 Apr 18, Leopold Stokowski,
conductor (Philadelphia Orchestra), was born in London England.
(MC, 4/18/02)
1882 Apr 19, Charles R. Darwin
(b.1809), English naturalist (Origin of Species), died at Downe,
England, at age 73. In 1995 Janet Browne authored "Voyaging" the 1st
of her 3-part biography. In 2002 her 2nd volume "The Power of Place"
was published.
(MC, 4/19/02)(WBO, 2002)(FT, 12/14/02, p.IV)
1882 Apr 23, Albert Coates,
conductor, composer (Eagle), was born in St. Petersburg.
(MC, 4/23/02)
1882 Apr 25, French commander
Henri Riviere seized the citadel of Hanoi.
(HN, 4/25/98)
1882 Apr 26, Jessie Redmon
Fauset, author, was born. Fauset’s work included: "There Is
confusion," "Plum Bun," "The Chinaberry Tree," and "American Style."
(440 Int’l. Internet, 4/26/97, p.5)
1882 Apr 27, Ralph Waldo
Emerson, US poet, philosopher, author, essayist, died. He was one of
the original members of the Transcendental Club with Thoreau and
Orestes Brownson.
(HNQ, 6/14/98)(WSJ, 5/28/99, p.W11)(MC, 4/27/02)
1882 Apr 28, Alberto Pirelli,
Italian industrialist, was born.
(MC, 4/28/02)
1882 May 6, Over President
Arthur’s veto, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which
barred Chinese immigrants from the United States for 10 years. It
was amended and passed by Congress on August 3 and was signed by
Pres. Arthur. Renewals and amendments continued to 1904. The laws
were repealed in 1943. In 2011 the US Senate passed a resolution
expressing regret for the act.
(AP,
5/6/97)(www.u-s-history.com/pages/h739.html)(SFC, 10/11/11, p.C1)
1882 May 9, Henry J. Kaiser,
builder of Liberty Ships for U.S. war effort, was born.
(HN, 5/9/98)
1882 May 13, Georges Braque
(d.1963, French cubist painter, was born in Argenteuil, near Paris.
He said of his work that: "The aim is not to reconstitute an
anecdotal fact, but to constitute a pictorial fact." He was shot in
the head during WW I and had his head drilled to relieve the
pressure. His "Billiard Tables" series was painted between 1944 and
1949.
(V.D.-H.K.p.359-360)(AHD, 1971, p.160)(WSJ,
5/7/97, p.A16)(MC, 5/13/02)
1882 May 15, May Laws: Czar
Alexander III banned Jews from living in rural Romania.
(MC, 5/15/02)
1882 May 20, Sigrid Undset,
Norwegian novelist (Kristin Lavransdatter), was born.
(HN, 5/20/01)
1882 May 20, Henrik Ibsen's
"Ghosts" (Gengangere, 1881) premiered in Chicago.
(MC, 5/20/02)
1882 May 20, The St.
Gotthard-railroad tunnel opened between Switzerland & Italy.
(MC, 5/20/02)
1882 May 22, The United States
formally recognized Korea.
(HN, 5/22/98)
1882 May 25, Harry Fox,
entertainer, was born.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1882 Jun 2, Giuseppi Garibaldi
(b.1807), Italian rebel leader, died. His autobiography was
published in 1889. In 2007 Lucy Riall authored “Garibaldi: Invention
of a Hero.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi)(Econ, 5/26/07,
p.98)
1882 Jun 6, An electric iron
was patented by Henry W. Seely in NYC.
(MC, 6/6/02)
1882 Jun 6, Cyclone in Arabian
Sea (Bombay India) drowned 100,000.
(MC, 6/6/02)
1882 Jun 10, Vasily Perov
(b.1833), Russian painter, died.
(http://center.rusmuseum.ru/InetBookNew/perov_paint_eng.html)
1882 Jun 17, Igor Fedorovich
Stravinsky (d.1971), U.S. composer, was born in Oranienbaum, Russia.
He wrote "The Rite of Spring" and "The Firebird" among other
symphonies. His work also included "The Rake’s Progress" and
"Oedipus Rex." The libretto for Rake’s Progress was written by W.H.
Auden and Chester Kallman.
(WUD, 1994, p.1405)(WSJ, 8/20/96, p.A8)(WSJ,
12/4/96, p.A16)(HN, 6/17/98)
1882 Jun 21, Rockwell Kent
(d.1971), artist, book illustrator, was born.
(HN, 6/21/01)
1882 Jun 24, Joseph Joachim
Raff (60), German opera composer, died.
(MC, 6/24/02)
1882 Jun 30, Charles Guiteau
the assassin of President Garfield was hanged in a Washington jail.
(HNPD, 9/19/98)
1882 Jul 1, Susan Glaspell
(d.1948), novelist and playwright, author of "Alison’s House," was
born.
(WUD, 1994 p.600)(HN, 7/1/98)
1882 Jul 4, Telegraph Hill
Observatory opened in SF.
(Maggio, 98)
1882 Jul 8, Percy Grainger,
composer, pianist, conductor (Hill Songs), was born in Melbourne.
(MC, 7/8/02)
1882 Jul 10, Ima Hogg, Texas
art patron, founder of Houston Symphony, was born.
(MC, 7/10/02)
1882 Jul 14, Johnny Ringo, a
fast draw gunman, was found dead in Tombstone.
(SFC, 4/22/00, p.E3)
1882 Jul 16, Mary Todd Lincoln,
the widow of Abraham Lincoln, died of a stroke.
(HN, 7/16/98)
1882 Jul 22,
Edward Hopper (d.1967), American artist (Nighthawks), was born in
Nyack, N.Y.
(www.fact-index.com)
1882 Jul 26, Richard Wagner's
final opera "Parsifal," premiered in Bayreuth, Germany.
(WSJ, 7/2/99, p.W11A)(MC, 7/26/02)
1882 Jul 31, Belle and Sam
Starr were charged with Horse stealing in the Indian territory. Myra
Maybelle Shirley (Belle Starr) was neither a belle nor the star of
any outlaw band and still remains a legendary wild woman of the Old
West.
(HN, 7/31/98)
1882 Aug 3, US Congress passed
the 1st Immigration Act. The amended act banned Chinese immigration
for ten years. The Chinese Exclusion Act barred laborers from China
and halted a massive immigration of Cantonese peasants. [see
1882-1943]
(HN, 8/3/98)(SFEC, 9/20/98, Z1
p.4)(www.u-s-history.com/pages/h739.html)
1882 Aug 7, Hatfields of south
West Virginia and McCoys of eastern Kentucky re-engaged in a feud
that dated back to 1865. Some 100 were wounded or died. In 2007
medical evidence indicated that many of the descendants of the
McCoys suffered from an inherited disease that leads to hair-trigger
rage and violent outbursts.
(www.tugvalleychamberofcommerce.com/tour.html)(SFC, 4/6/07, p.A16)
1882 Aug 13, William Jevons
(b.1835), English economist, drowned while bathing near Hastings.
His book “The Theory of Political Economy” (1871) declared that
value depends entirely upon utility.
(Econ, 7/26/08,
p.84)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stanley_Jevons)
1882 Aug 17, Samuel Goldwyn,
American movie mogul who helped start MGM (Metro Goldwyn Mayer), was
born as Schmuel Gelbfisz in Warsaw, Poland.
(HN, 8/17/00)
1882 Aug 28, Belle Benchley,
the first female zoo director in the world, who directed the
Zoological Gardens of San Diego, was born.
(HN, 8/28/98)
1882 Aug 29, Australia defeated
England in cricket for the first time. The following day a obituary
appeared in the Sporting Times addressed to the British team.
(HN, 8/29/98)
1882 Sep 1, The first Labor Day
was observed in New York City by the Carpenters and Joiners Union.
[see Sep 5]
(HN, 9/1/00)
1882 Sep 3, The French,
Vietnamese and Chinese battled at Hanoi; hundreds died.
(MC, 9/3/01)
1882 Sep 4, Thomas Edison
displayed the first practical electrical lighting system. He
successfully turned on the lights in a one square mile area of New
York City with the world’s 1st electricity generating plant.
(MC, 9/4/01)(WSJ, 9/17/01, p.R6)
1882 Sep 5, The first Labor Day
observance—a picnic and parade—was held in New York City. Matthew
Maguire, a machinist and secretary of the New York City Central
Labor Union, probably first suggested the celebration in 1882 to
recognize the contributions of workers to America. Parades like the
one in Buffalo, New York, around 1900, soon became an important part
of Labor Day festivities. Matthew Maguire, a machinist and secretary
of the New York City Central Labor Union, probably first suggested
the celebration in 1882 to recognize the contributions of workers to
America. Local and regional Labor Day observances spread across the
nation until, on June 28, 1894, the U.S. Congress passed an act
making the first Monday in September a legal holiday. [see Sep 1]
(AP, 9/5/97)(HNPD, 9/5/98)(HNQ, 9/7/98)
1882 Sep 10, The 1st
international conference to promote anti-Semitism met in Dresden,
Germany (Congress for Safeguarding of Non-Jewish Interests).
(MC, 9/10/01)
1882 Sep 13, British troops
defeated Egyptian forces in the Battle at Tel-el-Kebir.
(http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/battles/egypt/egypt3.htm)
1882 Sep 14, British General
Wolseley (d.1913) reached Cairo.
(http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/battles/egypt/egypt4.htm)
1882 Sep 18, The Pacific Stock
Exchange was founded in SF as Local Security Board in the basement
of Wohl & Pollitz at 403 California.
(SFC, 7/14/98, p.B1)(SFC, 7/24/98, p.B1)
1882 Sep 22, Wilhelm Keitel,
German field marshal, was born.
(MC, 9/22/01)
1882 Oct 3, Gunther von Kluge,
German field marshal, was born.
(MC, 10/3/01)
1882 Oct 5, Robert Goddard
(d.1945), American rocket scientist, was born. He received 214
patents for rocket systems and components.
(HN, 10/5/98)(ON, 1/01, p.5)
1882 Oct 5, Outlaw Frank James
surrendered in Missouri six months after brother Jesse’s
assassination.
(HN, 10/5/98)
1882 Oct 14, Eamon DeValera,
Taoiseach and President of Ireland (1937-48, 51-54, 57-59), was born
in NY.
(MC, 10/14/01)
1882 Oct 18, Alexander Graham
Bell made his historic telephone call to the mayor of Chicago.
(SFEM, 1/11/98, p.13)
1882 Oct 19, Vincas Kreve
(d.1954), Lithuanian writer and poet, was born.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincas_Kr%C4%97v%C4%97-Mickevi%C4%8Dius)
1882 Oct 20, Bela Lugosi
(d.1956), film actor, was born in Lugos, Hungary, as Bela Blasko. He
is famous for his portrayal of Count Dracula (1931).
(Internet)
1882 Oct 22, N.C. Wyeth
(d.1945), painter, was born. He became famous for his illustrations
of "Treasure Island" and "Robin Hood."
(Hem., 6/98, p.133)(HN, 10/22/00)
1882 Oct 29, Jean Giraudoux,
French dramatist, novelist and diplomat, famous for his book "Tiger
at the Gates," was born. His plays included "Eglantine" and
"Provinciales."
(HN, 10/29/98)(MC, 10/29/01)
1882 Oct 30, William F. "Bull"
Halsey, Jr., American admiral, was born. He played an instrumental
role in the defeat of Japan during World War II. The Japanese
surrender was signed on his flagship, the USS Missouri.
(HN, 10/30/99)
1882 Nov 2, Newly elected John
Poe replaced Pat Garrett as sheriff of Lincoln County, New Mexico
Territory.
(HN, 11/2/98)
1882 Nov 5, Bedrich Smetana's
"Ma Vlast," premiered.
(MC, 11/5/01)
1882 Nov 10, Frances Perkins,
first US woman cabinet member--Secretary of Labor, was born.
(HN, 11/10/98)
1882 Nov 14, Billy Clairborne,
a survivor of the gunfight at the O.K. Corral, lost his life in a
shoot-out with Buckskin Frank Leslie.
(HN, 11/14/98)
1882 Nov 15, Felix Frankfurter,
U.S. 80th Supreme Court Justice (1939-62), was born in Vienna,
Austria. He came to the U.S. in 1894 and graduated from Harvard Law
School in 1906. A close adviser to President Franklin Roosevelt,
Frankfurter helped recruit personnel for the New Deal. He was
appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court in 1939 and served
until 1962. Frankfurter died on February 22, 1965. "There is no
inevitability in history except as men make it."
(AP, 2/27/98)(HNQ, 3/16/99)(MC, 11/15/01)
1882 Nov 18, Amelita
Galli-Curci, Italian operatic soprano, was born.
(MC, 11/18/01)
1882 Nov 18, Jacques Maritain,
French Catholic philosopher (exponent of St Thomas), was born.
(MC, 11/18/01)
1882 Dec 6, Anthony Trollope
(b.1815), English writer, died. His autobiography "An
Autobiography," was published in 1883. He wrote harshly about his
mother and made her out to be a second-rate writer.
(WUD, 1994 p.1517)(WSJ, 12/11/98, p.W10)(WSJ,
6/9/00, p.W17)(MC, 12/6/01)
1882 Dec 9, Joaquin Turina,
composer (Rima), was born in Seville, Spain.
(MC, 12/9/01)
1882 Dec 11, Fiorella H. La
Guardia (d.1947), mayor of New York City, 1934-1945, was born.
(AP, 1/8/98)(WSJ, 12/9/98,
p.A20)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia)
1882 Dec 11, Boston's Bijou
Theatre, the first American playhouse to be lighted exclusively by
electricity, gave its first performance: Gilbert and Sullivan's
"Iolanthe, Or The Peer and the Peri."
(AP, 12/11/08)
1882 Dec 16, Walther Meissner,
German physicist (Meissner effect), was born.
(MC, 12/16/01)
1882 Dec 22, 1st string of
Christmas tree lights was created by Thomas Edison.
(SFC, 12/23/98, Z1 p.3)(MC, 12/22/01)
1882 Dec 28, Sir Arthur Stanley
Eddington, English astronomer who confirmed Einstein's theory of
relativity, was born.
(HN, 12/28/98)
1882 Dec 31, Leon Michel
Gambetta (44), French attorney and premier (1881-82), died.
(MC, 12/31/01)
1882 Claude Monet painted "The
Cliff Walk (Pourville)." His series of seaside cliff scenes are
among his most dramatic paintings. The series included "Fisherman's
Cottage on the Cliffs at Varengeville."
(DPCP 1984)
1882 John Singer Sargent (26)
painted "The Sulphur Match" and "The Daughters of Edward Boit." He
also completed "El Jaleo," the mural-scale depiction of a Spanish
dancer.
(WSJ, 2/23/99, p.A20)(WSJ, 8/5/99, p.A16)
1882 Vincent Van Gogh painted
"The Wounded Veteran.'
(WSJ, 3/14/00, p.A28)
1882 Bishop Crittenden authored
the dime novel “The Entwined Lives of Miss Gabrielle Austin,
Daughter of the Late Rev. Ellis C. Austin, and Redmond, the Outlaw,
Leader of the North Carolina Moonshiners.”
(WSJ, 3/20/09,
p.W11)(www.theridgebooks.com/si/7107.html)
1882 Ignatius Donnelly wrote
"Atlantis: The Antediluvian World."
(SFEC, 7/26/98, BR p.3)
1882 Friedrich Nietzsche
authored “Die Fröhliche Wissenschaft” (The Gay Science), in
which he pronounced the death of God.
(www.kirjasto.sci.fi/nietzsch.htm)
1882 J.A. Gillet and W.J. Rolfe
published "The Heavens Above," a popular handbook of astronomy.
(NH, 10/98, p.87)
1882 Leslie Stephen, the father
of Virginia Woolf, began writing the "Dictionary of National
Biography." It was published over the years 1890-1911.
(WSJ, 11/12/99, p.W13)
1882 Henrik Ibsen wrote his
moral melodrama "An Enemy of the People."
(WSJ, 8/11/98, p.A16)
1882 The maternal grandfather
of jazz saxophonist Sam Rivers published "A Collection of Revival
Hymns and Plantation Melodies."
(SFEC, 8/10/97, DB p.41)
1882 Brahms completed his
"Piano Concerto in B flat M."
(BLW, 1963 ed. p. 19)
1882 The six tone poems "Ma
Vlast" (My Homeland) by Czech composer Smetana were first performed
in their entirety.
(SFC, 5/9/97, p.D6)
1882 The opera "Iolanthe" by
Gilbert and Sullivan opened in New York and London.
(SFC, 6/21/00, p.E4)
1882 The Golden Gate Park Band
was founded in San Francisco and began performing annual concerts in
Golden Gate Park.
(SFC, 7/3/96, p.E1)
1882 In Colorado the Durango
& Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad was completed to haul gold,
silver and other minerals.
(SFEC,11/16/97, p.T5)
1882 The Knights of Columbus, a
benevolent society of Roman Catholic men, was founded in the US.
(AHD, 1971, p.724)
1882 Manhattan College athletic
director Brother Jasper initiated the American tradition of
baseball‘s seventh-inning stretch. Feeling sorry for restless
students watching an 1882 baseball game between the college team and
the semi-pro Metropolitans, Brother Jasper called a time-out during
the seventh inning and asked the spectators to stand up and stretch
for a little while. This was repeated at another college game
against the New York Giants baseball team. In honor of their coach,
Manhattan College named their team the Jaspers.
(HNQ, 4/30/00)
1882 Pres. Chester Arthur
approved new borders for the Hopi reservation, a 1.6 million-acre
site in the center of 17 million acres of Navajo land in the 4
Corners area of the Southwest. A 3,863 sq. mile area was set up as a
Hopi reservation. The intent was to keep Mormon settlers away from
Hopi pueblos. The Hopi Reservation was formed on territory
historically used by both Hopi and Navajo.
(SFC, 12/28/96, p.A4)(SFC, 1/3/97, p.A26)(SFEC,
5/4/97, z1 p.4)
1882 US Pres. Chester Arthur
(1829-1886) was diagnosed with terminal kidney disease. Only his
doctors knew and his fatigue was commonly mistaken for executive
laziness.
(AH, 6/07, p.14)
1882 The US and Korea signed
the Chemulpo Treaty, which pledged perpetual peace and friendship
between the President of the US and King Kojong (1852-1919) of
Chosen and their respective people.
(AH, 10/07,
p.56)(www.asianresearch.org/articles/1623.html)
1882 Theodore Roosevelt
described Thomas Jefferson as "perhaps the most incapable executive
that ever filled the presidential chair." Roosevelt added, "It would
be difficult to imagine a man less fit to guide a state with honor
and safety through the stormy times that marked the opening of the
present century."
(HNQ, 9/21/98)
1882 Marshall Virgil Earp and
his brother Wyatt left Tombstone, Arizona.
(SFC, 8/19/96, p.A3)
1882 In Colorado Bat Masterson
served as the town Marshall of Trinidad.
(SFEC, 11/8/98, p.A6)
1882 John Armstrong III, a
Texas Ranger, settled a ranch south of Corpus Christi. He bought the
beginnings of the Armstrong Ranch with the $4,000 bounty he received
for capturing outlaw John Wesley Hardin. The ranch, which expanded
to 50,000 acres, is near the King Ranch, settled by the Kleberg
family.
(SFC, 2/13/06, p.A6)(http://tinyurl.com/dhd84)
1882 Barbed wire was used to
fence the west at this time. Specimens were later put on display at
Oracle Junction, Arizona, and included Dodge and Washburn and
Ellwood "Spread."
(NOHY, 3/90, p.173)
1882 Charles M. Bergstresser
bankrolled a publishing venture with Charles Dow and Edward Jones
and established the new agency known as the Customer’s Afternoon
Letter. Bergstresser dubbed it the Wall street Journal in 1889. Dow
and Jones left the Kiernan New Agency to launch Dow Jones. Dow
developed an initial stock average containing 11 stocks, which
appeared in the Customer's Afternoon Letter, a 2-page bulletin that
developed into the WSJ.
(WSJ, 3/4/96, p. C-1)(WSJ, 3/30/99, p.C15)
1882 The Globe Files Co. was
founded in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1898 it introduced a vertical filing
system.
(SFC, 8/9/06, p.G3)
1882 The Standard Oil Trust
began and issued its first stock signed by John D. Rockefeller. The
trust was preceded by the Standard Oil Company. All pre-1920 stocks
were printed by the American Banknote Co. John D. Rockefeller by
this time had acquired 77 separate oil companies and controlled some
90 percent of the refinery and pipeline business in the country
through the Standard Oil Trust.
(Cont, 12/97, p.58)(HNQ, 1/23/00)
1882 The factory of the Racine
Silver Plate Co. burned down. It was re-opened a year later in
Rockford, Ill.
(SFC,11/26/97, Z1 p.7)
1882 The Royal Worcester
pottery company in England began making the "Asthetic" or "Oscar
Wilde" teapots. They depicted a man on one side and a woman on the
other and were inspired by the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta
"Patience."
(SFC, 12/30/96, z-1 p.2)
1882 Thomas Edison manufactured
electricity generators that fetched $33,000 in 1994 as a collector’s
antique.
(WSJ, 12/9/94, p.R-8)
1882 Edison Electric installed
a power grid in Manhattan that wrecked telephone reception.
(SFEM, 1/11/98, p.13)
1882 In Chicago electric
streetcars began running and created havoc with the telephone
system.
(SFEM, 1/11/98, p.13)
1882 The electric iron was
patented.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R14)
c1882 Thomas Doolittle began
manufacturing new hard-drawn copper wire. Angus Hibbard, field
operation manager for American Bell, began to use the new wire to
replace the old iron lines.
(SFEM, 1/11/98, p.14)
1882 Heinz began patenting
ketchup bottles.
(SFC, 8/27/03, p.E4)
1882 Farmer John Frazier
discovered an aquifer of mineral water in Frazier Station, Ca., and
renamed the town to Carlsbad after the resort in Karlsbad, Bohemia.
(SSFC, 11/9/03, p.C5)
1882 Moritz Daniel Oppenheim
(b.1800), "painter of the Rothschilds and the Rothschild of
painters," died.
(WSJ, 5/22/01, p.A24)
1882 Alexander Hamilton
Stephens was elected governor of Georgia but died after serving just
a few months.
(HNQ, 5/24/98)
1882 The Hotel Evropa was built
in Sarajevo, Bosnia. It was gutted by Serb shells in 1992.
Restoration after the 1992-1995 war was completed in 2008.
(Econ, 7/19/08, p.60)
1882 In London euphoric
investors pushed up the stock prices of the first companies to issue
shares for companies with new patents for equipment to power
electric lights.
(WSJ, 1/7/98, p.B1)
1882 The British Parliament
passed the Electric Lights Act to regulate electric utilities.
(WSJ, 1/7/98, p.B1)
1882 Herbert Spencer
(1820-1903), English philosopher, culminated his visit to the US
with a dinner a Delmonico’s in NYC, at which mostly Republican men
of science, religion, business and government participated. In 2008
Barry Werth authored “Banquet at Delmonico’s: Great Minds, the
Gilded Age, and the Triumph of Evolution in America.”
(WSJ, 1/9/09, p.A11)
1882 James Atkinson, British
engineer, invented the Atkinson cycle engine, an ultra-lean internal
combustion engine.
(Econ, 8/16/08,
p.77)(www.jyrojak.com/steamtime.htm)
1882 In Egypt a military coup
against the Khedive furnished a pretext for a British invasion.
(WSJ, 7/10/03, p.D8)
1882 In Hawaii King David
Kalakaua built the Iolani Palace.
(SFC, 6/20/08, p.A5)(www.iolanipalace.org)
1882 Jigoro Kano (1860-1938),
founder of judo, opened his first judo school, the Kodokan, in
Tokyo. Some 40 years later he added a women’s section.
(SFC, 7/25/11,
p.E2)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan%C5%8D_Jigor%C5%8D)
1882 The central Bank of Japan
was established.
(SFC, 3/26/98, p.B2)
1882 In Russia the Imperial
Orthodox Palestine Society was founded to support Russian
pilgrimages to the Holy Land.
(Econ, 12/19/09, p.84)
1882-1844 Jean Giraudoux, French novelist,
playwright and diplomat. He wrote "The Mad Woman of Chaillot." It
was later adopted by playwright Maurice Valency (1903-1996) in a New
York production with Audrey Hepburn.
(WUD, 1994, p.1679)(SFEC, 9/30/96, p.A23)
1882-1943 In the US the Chinese Exclusion Act was
in force. [see May 6, 1882] The Chinese Exclusion Act, prohibiting
the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States, was
first passed in 1882 and then repealed by Congress in 1943. Strong
anti-Chinese feeling in the West led to the 1882 act, which was
extended for 10 years in 1894 and indefinitely in 1902. The laws
were finally repealed in 1943 but only after the Chinese population
in the U.S. had declined dramatically. In 2007 Jean Pfaelzer
authored “Driven Out: The Forgotten War Against Chinese Americans.”
(SFEC, 8/18/96, DB p.27)(HNQ, 9/9/98)(SSFC,
6/3/07, p.M1)
1882-1945 Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 32nd
president of the US.
(AHD, 1971, p. 1127)
1882-1961 Percy Williams Bridgeman, American
scientist: "There is no adequate defense, except stupidity, against
the impact of a new idea."
(AP, 8/10/97)
1882-1944 Hendrik Willem van Loon, Dutch-American
journalist and lecturer: "Any frontal attack on ignorance is bound
to fail because the masses are always ready to defend their most
precious possession -- their ignorance."
(AP, 12/7/98)
1882-1950 James Stephens, Irish poet and novelist:
"Originality does not consist in saying what no one has ever said
before, but in saying exactly what you think yourself."
(AP, 5/21/99)
1882-1967 Geraldine Farrar, American opera singer.
She was very photogenic and starred in a dozen silent films. She is
discussed in the 1997 book "The American Opera Singer" by Peter G.
Davis.
(WSJ, 11/6/97, p.A20)
1882-1967 Henry J. Kaiser, American
industrialist: "When your work speaks for itself, don’t interrupt."
"Trouble is only opportunity in work clothes."
(AP, 12/2/99)
1882-1968 According to records at Tuskegee Univ.
4,743 people were killed by lynch mobs in the US during this period.
3,446 of these people were black.
(Econ, 6/18/05, p.29)
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