Timeline of the Eighteenth Century: 1725-1749
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1725 Jan 28,
Peter I "the Great" Romanov (52), Czar of Russia (1682-1725), died.
[see Feb 8]
(MC, 1/28/02)
1725 Feb 8, Peter I (52) "the
Great" Romanov, czar of Russia (1682-1725), died. [see Jan 28]
(MC, 2/8/02)
1725 Feb 20, New Hampshire
militiamen partook in the first recorded scalping of Indians by whites
in North America. 10 sleeping Indians were scalped by whites for scalp
bounty.
(HN, 2/20/99)(MC, 2/20/02)
1725 Mar 2, Georg F. Handel's
opera "Giulio Cesare in Egitto" premiered in London.
(SC, 3/2/02)
1725 Apr 2, Giovanni Casanova,
Italian adventurer, was born. [see Apr 5]
(HN, 4/2/01)
1725 Apr 5, Giacomo Casanova,
Italian writer, philanderer, adventurer, was born. [see Apr 2]
(MC, 4/5/02)
1725 Apr 25, Mir Mahmud of
Afghanistan was mysteriously killed after going mad. Afghans started to
lose control of Persia.
(www.afghan, 5/25/98)
1725 Apr 30, Spain withdrew from
the Quadruple Alliance.
(HN, 4/30/98)
1725 May 8, John Lovewell, US
Indian fighter, died in battle.
(MC, 5/8/02)
1725 Oct 17, John Wilkes, English
journalist, was born. He became a MP, Lord Mayor of London and called
for independence of Britain's American colonies.
(MC, 10/17/01)
1725 Oct 22, Alessandro Scarlatti
(65), composer, died.
(MC, 10/22/01)
1725 Nov 11, Georg F. Handel's
opera "Tamerlano," premiered in London.
(MC, 11/11/01)
1725 Nov, William Bradford, an
English-born Quaker, established the New York Gazette.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R43)
1725 Dec 11, George Mason
(d.1792), American Revolutionary statesman, was born at Gunston Hall
Plantation, situated on the Potomac River some 20 miles south of
Washington D.C. Mason framed the Bill of Rights for the Virginia
Convention in June 1776. This was the model for the first part of
fellow Virginian Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence and the
basis of the first 10 Amendments to the federal Constitution. Mason
died at Gunston Hall on October 7, 1792.
(HNQ,
2/18/99)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Mason)
1725 Jean-Baptiste Greuze
(d.1805), French artist, was born.
(WSJ, 1/15/98, p.W11)(WSJ, 5/14/02, p.D7)
1725 Handel composed his opera
"Rodelinda." The libretto by Francesco Haym told a tale of female
constancy under great adversity.
(WSJ, 6/12/01, p.A18)
1725 John Law (d.1729) moved to
Venice and made a modest living gambling.
(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.B4)
1725 The first fossil salamander
was found in Germany. It was at first identified as human but later
correctly identified as the extinct cryptobranchid named Andrias
scheuchzeri and dated to 15 million years of age.
(PacDis, Winter ’97, p.36)
1725 August II, elector of Saxony
and King of Poland, gifted a selection of Meissen porcelain from his
own collection to the king of Sardinia.
(WSJ, 11/21/07, p.D10)
1725 Czar Peter the Great chose
Vitus Bering (44), a Danish seaman in the Russian navy, to lead an
expedition to discover whether or not Asia was connected to America.
(ON, 2/06, p.1)
1725-1774 Sir Robert Clive, soldier of fortune. Known
as "Clive of India" he wrested Bengal away from the French on behalf of
the British East India Co. [see 1757]
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R8)
1725-1809 Paul Sandby, considered to be the father of
English watercolorists.
(Hem., 3/97, p.92)
1726 Jan 25, Guillaume Delisle
(50), French geographer (Atlas geographique), died.
(MC, 1/25/02)
1726 Feb 15, Abraham Clark,
Declaration of Independence signer, was born.
(HN, 2/15/98)
1726 Feb 20, William Prescott,
U.S. Revolutionary War hero, was born.
(HN, 2/20/98)
1726 Feb 26, Maximilian II, M.
Emanuel, elector of Bavaria, governor of Netherlands, died.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1726 Apr 8, Lewis Morris, signer
of the Declaration of Independence), was born.
(HN, 4/8/98)
1726 Apr 26, Pasquale Paoli,
Corsican freedom fighter, was born.
(MC, 4/26/02)
1726 May 14, Moshe Darshan, Rabbi,
author (Torat Ahsam), died.
(MC, 5/14/02)
1726 May 25, Giuseppi Paolucci,
composer, was born.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1726 Jun 3, James Hutton, Scottish
geologist, was born. He founded the science of geology and wrote "A
Theory of the Earth."
(HN, 6/3/99)
1726 Jul, 10 Benjamin Colman
preached an execution sermon to pirates in Boston.
(LSA., Fall 1995, p.19)
1726 Jul 23, Benjamin Franklin
sailed back to Philadelphia.
(MC, 7/23/02)
1726 Sep 7, Francois-Andre Danican
Philidor, French composer and chess champion, was born.
(MC, 9/7/01)
1726 Oct 11, Benjamin Franklin
returned to Philadelphia from England.
(MC, 10/11/01)
1726 Nov 20, Oliver Wolcott, later
Conn.-Gov. and signer of Declaration of Independence, was born.
(MC, 11/20/01)
1726 Bishop George Berkeley wrote
his poem: On the Prospect of Planting Arts and Learning in America,
which included the line "Westward the course of empire takes its way."
The poem was written on behalf of a plan to build an English college in
Bermuda.
(SFC, 3/28/03, p.A3)
1726 In Paris the puppet show "La
Grandmere amoureuse" by Fuzelier and Dorneval was a spoof on French
opera based on Lully’s tragic 1676 opera "Atys." It was revived in 1998
by the SF Bay Area team of Magnificat and the Carter Family
Marionettes. It made reference to a current dispute between the
physicians and surgeons of Paris.
(SFEC, 1/18/98, DB p.33)(PNM, 1/25/98)
1726 Telemann published his
collection of 72 sacred cantatas: "Der Harmo-nischer Gottes-Dienst." In
it pietistic poetry or paraphrase of Biblical verse was set in the
latest [musical] style. He wrote a sequel in 1731.
(EMN, 1/96, p.4)
1726 Francois Couperin composed
his collection "Les Nations" with "La Francoise."
(SFC, 6/8/96, p.E1)
1726 St. -Louis-en-l’Ile Church
was built on the Ile St. -Louis on the Seine in Paris. It was
vandalized during the French Revolution.
(SFEC, 6/22/97, p.T8)
1726 Montevideo, the capital city
of Uruguay, was founded.
(Hem., 2/96, p.23)
1726 Michael-Richard de Lalande
(b.1657), French composer, died. He served as the court composer for
Louis XIV.
(SFC, 3/20/04, p.E1)(Internet)
1727 Jan 2, James Wolfe, commanded
British Army (captured Quebec), was born.
(MC, 1/2/02)
1727 Feb 22, Francesco Gasparini
(58), composer, died.
(MC, 2/22/02)
1727 Mar 14, Johann Gottlieb
Goldberg, composer, was born.
(MC, 3/14/02)
1727 Mar 20, Sir Isaac Newton
(b.1642), physicist, mathematician and astronomer, died in London.
Michael White wrote the 1998 biography "Isaac Newton" in which he
revealed Newton’s passion for alchemy. In 2003 James Gleick authored
the biography "Isaac Newton."
(AP, 3/20/97)(WSJ, 2/19/98, p.A20)(SSFC, 6/1/03,
p.M1)
1727 Apr 29, Jean-Georges Noverre,
French dancer, choreographer (ballet d'action), was born.
(MC, 4/29/02)
1727 May 7, Jews were expelled
from Ukraine by Empress Catherine I of Russia.
(MC, 5/7/02)
1727 May 10, Anne-Robert-Jacques
Turgot, French minister of Finance, was born.
(MC, 5/10/02)
1727 May 14, Thomas Gainsborough
(d.1788), English painter, was born (baptized). His work included "The
Blue Boy."
(HN, 5/14/01)(AAP, 1964)(WUD, 1994, p.579)(MC,
5/14/02)
1727 May 17, Catherine I (b.1683),
Empress of Russia (1725-27), died.
(www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/Catherine_I_of_Russia)
1727 May 18, Peter II Alekseyevich
(1715-1730) was proclaimed autocrat of Russia.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_II_of_Russia)
1727 Jun 6, Francesca Cuzzoni and
Faustina Bordoni, female vocalists, attacked each other during a
performance of Bononcini’s Astianatte in London.
(LGC-HCS, p.44)
1727 Aug 14, William Croft
(b.1678), English composer, died.
(MC, 8/14/02)
1727 Aug 30, Giandomenico Tiepolo
(d.1804), Venetian painter, was born. His subjects included troupes of
traveling players from northern Italy.
(Econ, 4/10/04, p.72)(www.britannica.com)
1727 Oct 11, England’s King George
I (b.1660) died on a journey to Hanover. His son George II became king.
(www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon53.html)
1727 Nov 15, NY General assembly
permitted Jews to omit phrase "upon the faith of a Christian" from
abjuration oath.
(MC, 11/15/01)
1727 Dec 22, William Ellery, US
attorney and signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born.
(MC, 12/22/01)
1727 Brazil planted its first
coffee.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R49)
1727 The 1st English-language
recipe for "English Katchop" was published in "E. Smith's Compleat
Housewife, or Accomplished Gentlewoman's Companion."
(SFC, 8/27/03, p.E4)
1727 Georg Friedrich Handel,
German-born composer, became by act of Parliament a naturalized British
citizen.
(LGC-HCS, p.41)(AP, 4/14/97)(SFC, 9/16/97,
p.E1)(Econ, 3/21/09, p.89)
1727 In Munich the “Die
Andächtige Pilgerfahrt” (The Devout Pilgrimage) by Vincentius
Briemle was published. The 2 illustrated volumes consisted of travel
writing of journeys to Italy, Austria and the Holy Land.
(Econ, 1/20/07,
p.93)(www.dartmouth.edu/~wessweb/nl/Fall05/pinews.html)
1727 Moulay Ismail the
Bloodthirsty (b.~1645), Moroccan ruler, died. The Alaouite sultan is
said to have fathered 888 children through a harem of 500 women. He
ruled from 1672 to 1727 succeeding his half-brother Moulay Al-Rashid
who died after a fall from his horse.
(Econ, 12/20/08,
p.128)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moulay_Ismail)
1727 The Royal Bank of Scotland
(RBS) was founded.
(Econ, 1/31/09, p.74)
1728 Jan 29, The Beggar’s Opera by
John Gay (d.1732), with music arranged by John Christopher Pepusch, had
its premier at the Lincoln's Inn Fields in London. Gay intended it to
be a parody of Italian opera and a satirization of the Walpole
administration. He wrote new lyrics to popular tunes and his "ballad
opera" was a great success.
(LGC-HCS, p.45)(ON, 2/04, p.11)
1728 Feb 10, Peter III Fyodorovich
(d.1762), czar of Russia (1761-62), was born in Germany. He married
Catherine, who succeeded him following a coup. [see Feb 21]
(WUD, 1994 p.1077)(WSJ, 2/14/02, p.A18)(MC, 2/10/02)
1728 Feb 21, Peter III, Russian
Tsar (1762), husband of Catherine, was born in Kiel Germany. [see Feb
10]
(MC, 2/21/02)
1728 Feb 25, Peter II Alekseyevich
(1715-1730) was crowned as czar of Russia.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_II_of_Russia)
1728 Feb 28, Georg F. Handel's
opera "Siroe, re di Persia," premiered in London.
(MC, 2/28/02)
1728 Apr 2, Franz Asplmayr,
composer, was born.
(MC, 4/2/02)
1728 Apr 13, Johann Christoph
Schmidt (63), composer, died.
(MC, 4/13/02)
1728 Apr 16, Joseph Black,
Scottish chemist and physicist, was born.
(HN, 4/16/01)
1728 May 4, Georg F. Handel's
opera "Tolomeo, re di Egitto," premiered in London.
(MC, 5/4/02)
1728 May 7, Rosa Venerini
(b.1656), Italian nun and founder of the Congregation of the Holy
Venerini Teachers, died. In 2006 Pope Benedict XVI named her a saint.
(SFC, 10/16/06,
p.A2)(www.korazym.org/news1.asp?Id=19552)
1728 Jul 16, Henri Moreau,
composer, was born.
(MC, 7/16/02)
1728 Oct 3, Charles G. Chevalier
d'Eon de Beaumont, French duelist, spy and transvestite, was born.
(MC, 10/3/01)
1728 Oct 7, Caesar Rodney
(d.1784), Delaware, judge and signer (Declaration of Independence), was
born in Dover, Delaware. He led opposition to British laws for many
years while serving in the provincial assembly. He was elected to the
Continental Congresses of 1774 and 1775. In 1777, he commanded the
Delaware militia, and the next year he was elected president of the
state for a three-year term. Rodney on horseback represents Delaware,
the first of the original 13 states to ratify the Constitution, on a
new .25-cent piece.
(HNQ, 2/24/99)(MC, 10/7/01)
1728 Oct 27, Captain James Cook
(d.1779), explorer, was born in a small village near Middlesbrough,
Yorkshire. He discoveries included the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii).
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook)
1728 Ephraim Chambers (1680-1740)
produced his Cyclopedia, a popular British reference work. An expanded
French translation began in 1746.
(WSJ, 6/29/05,
p.D8)(www.nndb.com/people/027/000094742/)
1728 The French Count de
Boulainvilliers wrote a life of Muhammad that described him as "an
enlightened and wise lawgiver."
(WSJ, 12/12/01, p.A15)
1728 The Muslim Kampung Hulu
Mosque was built in Malacca, Malaysia.
(SFEC, 3/19/00, p.T8)
1728 The first diamonds found in
Brazil reached Lisbon, Portugal.
(USA Today, OW, 4/22/96, p.13)
1728 Vitus Bering (47), Danish
explorer in the Russian navy, discovered the Bering Strait between Asia
and North America.
(PCh, 1992, p.286)(ON, 2/06, p.1)
1729 Jan 12, Edmund Burke
(d.1797), British politician and author, was born in Dublin. Burke
advocated consistent and sympathetic treatment of the American
colonies: "A very great part of the mischiefs that vex this world
arises from words."
(V.D.-H.K.p.224)(AP, 7/20/97)(AP,
11/29/98)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Burke)
1729 Jan 19, William Congreve
(58), English dramatist (Love for Love), died.
(MC, 1/19/02)
1729 Mar 21, John Law, Scottish
gambler and financier (57 or 58), died in Venice. An inventory of his
wealth included 488 paintings with works by Titian, Raphael,
Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. His story was told in 2000 by
Cynthia Crossen in "The Rich and How They got That Way."
(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.B4)(MC, 3/21/02)
1729 Apr 15, Johann S. Bach's
"Matthew Passion" premiered in Leipzig.
(MC, 4/15/02)
1729 Apr 21, Catharina II, the
Great, writer, empress of Russia (1762-96), was born. [see May 2]
(MC, 4/21/02)
1729 May 2, Catherine the Great
(d.1796), (Catherine II), empress (czarina) of Russia (1762-1796), was
born. She succeeded her husband Peter III to the throne in 1762. "I am
one of the people who love the why of things." [see Apr 21]
(AP, 9/4/97)(HN, 5/2/99)(WSJ, 2/14/02, p.A18)
1729 May 13, Henry William
Stiegel, early American glassmaker, was born.
(HN, 5/13/98)
1729 May 25, Jean de Neufville,
Dutch-US merchant (started 4th English war), was born.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1729 Jul 25, North Carolina became
a royal colony.
(SC, 7/25/02)
1729 Jul 30, The city of Baltimore
was founded.
(AP, 7/30/97)
1729 Sep 6, Mozes Mendelssohn,
German enlightened philosopher (Haksalah), was born. [see Sep 26]
(MC, 9/6/01)
1729 Sep 26, Moses Mendelssohn,
German philosopher, critic, Bible translator, was born. [see Sep 6]
(MC, 9/26/01)
1729 Nov 28, Natchez Indians
massacred most of the 300 French settlers and soldiers at Fort Rosalie,
Louisiana.
(HN, 11/28/98)
1729 Dec 1, Giuseppe Sarti,
composer, was born.
(MC, 12/1/01)
1729 Dec 3, Padre Antonio
Francisco J. Jose Soler, composer (Fandango), was born in Olot, Spain.
(MC, 12/3/01)
1729 Newton’s "Principia
Matematika" was published in English.
(V.D.-H.K.p.213)
1729 The first constitution of
American Presbyterianism was adopted.
(HNQ, 7/6/99)
1729 James Bradley discovered the
aberration of starlight, an apparent shift in the position of a star
caused by the finite speed of light and the motion of the Earth in
orbit around the Sun. He uses this to determine the speed of light to
be 308,3 00 km/sec, remarkably close to the modern value of 299,792
km/sec.
(http://inkido.indiana.edu/a100/timeline3.html)
1729 Seborga was consolidated by
sale within the Principality of Piedmont.
(SFEC, 3/30/97, p.T7)
1729 In China opium smoking was
banned.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R34)
1729 Ruinart, a French Champagne
house, was founded. In 2006 it remained the oldest Champagne house in
the world.
(SFC, 10/13/06, p.F2)
1729 In Italy Filippo Juvarra
designed the Palazzina di Caccia, a "little hunting palace" at Stupingi
for King Vittorio Amedeo II.
(WSJ, 8/18/99, p.A17)
1729-1742 The building of the Cathedral at Zacateca,
Mexico. It has been called the "Parthenon of the Mexican Baroque."
(SFEC, 11/10/96, p.T3)
1729-1781 Gotthold Lessing, German writer,
dramatist-critic, saw Faust’s pursuit of knowledge as noble, and in an
unfinished play he arranged for a reconciliation between God and Faust.
"Think wrongly if you please, but in all cases, think for yourself."
(V.D.-H.K.p.239)(AP, 9/9/99)
1729-1801 The Danish East India Company was chartered
to carry on trade in the East Indies.
(WUD, 1994, p.449)
1729-1814 William Howe, 5th Viscount, British general
in the American Revolutionary War.
(WUD, 1994, p.689)
1730 Jan 14, William Whipple,
Declaration of Independence signer, was born.
(HN, 1/14/99)
1730 Jan 23, Joseph Hewes, US
merchant (Declaration of Independence signer), was born.
(MC, 1/23/02)
1730 Jan 30, Peter II Alekseyevich
(1715-1730), czar of Russia, died.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_II_of_Russia)
1730 Apr 8, 1st Jewish
congregation in US formed the synagogue, "Sherith Israel, NYC."
(MC, 4/8/02)
1730 May 10, George Ross, signer
of the Declaration of Independence, was born.
(HN, 5/10/98)
1730 May 13, Marquess of
Rockingham, British Prime Minister, was born.
(HN, 5/13/98)
1730 May 15, Robert Walpole became
the sole minister in the English cabinet following the resignation of
Lord Townshend.
(HN, 5/15/99)
1730 May 29, William Jackson,
composer, was born.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1730 Jul 12, Josiah Wedgwood
(d.1795), pottery designer, manufacturer (Wedgwood), was baptized in
Burslem, England.
(www.wedgwoodmuseum.org.uk/wedgwood_chronology.htm)
1730 Jul 21, States of Holland put
a death penalty on "sodomy."
(MC, 7/21/02)
1730 Aug 10, Sebastien de Brossard
(74), French composer, died. He authored the "Dictionnaire de musique"
(Paris, 1703).
(MC, 8/10/02)(Internet)
1730 Sep 1, Benjamin Franklin
married Miss Read.
(MC, 9/1/02)
1730 Sep 17, Friedrich von
Steuben, Prussian and US inspector-general of Washington's army, was
born.
(MC, 9/17/01)
1730 Nov 6, Hans Hermann von
Katte, Prussian lieutenant, was beheaded.
(MC, 11/6/01)
1730 Nov 10, Oliver Goldsmith,
playwright, was born. His work includes "She Stoops to Conquer."
(HN, 11/10/00)
1730 Jean Baptiste Simeon Chardin
(1699-1779), French painter, painted "Still Life With Plums."
(WSJ, 12/5/96, p.A16)
1730 "Argippo," the only opera
Vivaldi (1678-1741) actually wrote for Prague, was staged just one time
in Prague. The score was found in 2006 and another staging was set for
2008.
(AFP, 5/1/08)
1730 In Maryland William Fell, a
Quaker ship’s carpenter, purchased a swampy promontory that became
known as Baltimore’s Fell’s Point.
(WSJ, 12/1/07, p.W11)
1730 Benjamin Franklin became the
official printer for Pennsylvania. He ultimately became the official
printer for several colonial governments.
(AH, 2/06, p.48)
1730 Smallpox returned to Boston,
but by this time inoculation was recognized as a viable means of
preventing death from the disease.
(ON, 3/05, p.5)
1730 The French arrived in
Swanton, Vermont, and the plague followed. The local Abenaki Indians
faded into the woods.
(SFC, 12/13/02, p.J7)
1730 Jean Baptiste Oudry and
Pierre-Josse Perrot, artists in the court of King Louis XV, created a
drawing for the wall tapestry "Le Coq et Le Perle." The tapestry was
made by French weaving house Savonnerie and went on auction in 1997 for
$300-400 thousand.
(WSJ, 2/21/97, p.B10)
1730 Jesuits founded San Jose del
Cabo in Baha, Ca.
(SSFC, 2/6/05, p.F8)
1730 The monastery of Saint
Serafim Sarofsky in the village of Deveyevo, Russia, was constructed.
In 1927 the 266 year old complex was liquidated by the communists and
used to store lumber and vegetables until 1991 when it was returned to
the church.
(SFC, 5/18/96, p.A-11)
1730 Edward Scarlett, a London
optician, began anchoring eyeglasses to the ears with rigid side pieces
called temples.
(SFEC, 8/2/98, Z1 p.8)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R21)
1730 In Germany A. Ketterer
invented the cuckoo clock.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R14)
1730 The first legally recognized
futures market opened in Japan.
(Wired, 9/96, p.36)
1730 Diamonds were discovered in
Brazil, which became the leading supplier until the 1866 discovery in
South Africa. [see 1728]
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R49)
1730 Empress Anna Ivanovna, Peter
the Great's daughter, came to the Russian throne. She recalled Abram
Petrovich Gannibal from exile and appointed him to a new post as a
captain of military engineering.
(www.shaebia.org/wwwboard/contributedarticles/messages/58.html)
1730s Tiepolo painted "Alexander
and Campaspe in the Studio of Apelles," one of his 3 paintings on this
theme.
(WSJ, 2/11/00, p.W6)
1730s The Hudson Bay Company built
a stone fortress on the western shore of the Hudson Bay in Canada for
the Chipewyan fur trade.
(NH, 7/96, p.4)
1730s In Buckinghamshire, England,
the Palladian Bridge was built in the Stowe Landscape Gardens. Lancelot
"Capability Brown did the landscaping.
(SSFC, 3/16/03, p.C6)
1730s German gun makers located in
Pennsylvania began producing the Kentucky rifle, so named because it
was intended for use on the Kentucky frontier. Its gunpowder was
ignited with sparks struck when the hammer, containing a piece of
flint, was released. The flintlock Kentucky rifle, with its extra long
barrel and small caliber, was the most accurate rifle of its day and
was used widely in the French and Indian Wars and American Revolution.
(HNQ, 12/21/99)
1730-1754 Mahmud I succeeded Ahmed III in the Ottoman
House of Osman.
(Ot, 1993, xvii)
1730-1785 William Whipple (b. Jan 14, d. Nov 28)
Judge/Jurist, Revolutionary, Declaration of Independence signer.
(DT internet 11/28/97)
1730-1820 The period of the third of four waves of
rising prices over the last 800 years as described by David Hackett
Fisher in his 1996 book: "The Great Wave: Price Revolutions and the
Rhythm of History."
(WSJ, 12/19/96, p.A16)
1731 Mar 11, Robert Treat Paine,
Declaration of Independence signer, was born.
(HN, 3/11/98)
1731 Apr 8, William Williams,
signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born.
(HN, 4/8/98)
1731 Apr 26, Daniel Defoe (~70),
English author, died. His work included the novels "Robinson Crusoe,"
"Roxana" and the pamphlet "The Shortest Way With Dissenters." In
1998 Richard West published the biography "Daniel Defoe: The Life and
Strange Surprising Adventures."
(WSJ, 8/25/98, p.A12)(MC, 4/24/02)(MC, 4/26/02)
1731 May 28, All Hebrew books in
Papal State were confiscated.
(MC, 5/28/02)
1731 May 29, Orazio Mei composer,
was born.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1731 Jun 2, Martha Dandridge, the
first First Lady of the United States. Widow of Daniel Park Custis, she
married George Washington in 1759.
(HN, 6/2/00)
1731 Jul 1, The “Instrument of
Association” for the Library Company of Philadelphia was signed
under the leadership of Benjamin Franklin. It was America’s first
circulating library.
(www.librarycompany.org/Lemay1.pdf)(AH, 2/06, p.56)
1731 Sep 1, Pierre Danican
Philidor (50), composer, died.
(MC, 9/1/02)
1731 Oct 10, Henry Cavendish,
English physicist, was born. He later discovered hydrogen.
(HN, 10/10/98)(MC, 10/10/01)
1731 Nov 9, Benjamin Banneker was
born in Maryland and grew up a free black man. From his farm near
Baltimore, Banneker spent much of his time studying the stars. Although
he lacked much of a formal education, he taught himself with borrowed
books and became a noted mathematician, astronomer and inventor.
Carving its gears with a pocket knife, he built a wooden clock in 1770
that was believed to have been the first built in America. Banneker
began publishing scientific almanacs in 1791 after accurately
predicting a solar eclipse. President George Washington appointed him
to the District of Columbia Commission in 1789 to help survey the new
capital city of Washington, D.C. Banneker, who died in 1806, also
corresponded with Thomas Jefferson about his views against slavery.
(HNPD, 11/9/98)
1731 Nov 15, William Cowper,
English lawyer and poet (John Gilpin), was born. [see Nov 26]
(MC, 11/15/01)
1731 Nov 26 William Cowper,
English pre-romantic poet (His Task), was born. [see Nov 15]
(MC, 11/26/01)
1731 Dec 8, Frantisek Xaver Dusek,
composer, was born.
(MC, 12/8/01)
1731 Dec 28, Christian Cannabich,
German composer and royal chaplain master, was born.
(MC, 12/28/01)
1731 Giovanni Paolo Panini,
Italian artist, made his painting "Interior of St. Peter’s, Rome."
(WSJ, 9/8/00, p.W2)
1731 A pioneering collection of
graffiti appeared in London titled: “The Merry-Thought: or, the
Glass-Window and Bog-House Miscellany.” The editor used the pseudonym
Hurlo Thrumbo.
(Econ, 12/18/04, p.94)
1731 Telemann wrote a sequel to
his 1726 collection: "Forsetzung des Harmonischen Gottesdienstes."
(EMN, 1/96, p.4)
1731 Fort Vincennes, later Fort
Sackville, was built by the French near present-day Vincennes, Indiana.
It was captured by Colonel George Rogers Clark in 1779.
(HNQ, 7/24/00)
1731 In Malta the Manoel Theater
was constructed.
(AM, Jul/Aug ‘97 p.40)
1731-1795 Francis Marion, American Revolutionary
General. Banastre Tarleton gave American partisan leader Francis Marion
the nickname of "The Swamp Fox." Tarleton, a young lieutenant colonel
of British cavalry, had triumphed in a series of bold and
lightning-fast attacks against Rebel forces. He was sent by Cornwallis
to stop the increasingly troublesome Marion whose strikes on Tory
patrols, British convoys and encampments had grown from a minor
annoyance to a major problem for British supply lines. Given
information on Marion‘s camp, Tarleton hunted the rebel general and his
men through about 25 miles of barely passable terrain. Tarleton finally
halted at a body of murky water called Ox Swamp and decided to give up
the chase. "Come my boys!" he declared to his men. "Let us go back, as
for this damned old fox, the devil himself could not catch him." He
spurred his horse and led his men away from the swamp leaving behind
the nickname by which Marion is still remembered.
(WUD, 1994 p.877)(HNQ, 7/31/00)
1731-1800 William Cowper, English poet: "No man can
be a patriot on an empty stomach."
(AP, 11/28/99)
1731-1802 Erasmus Darwin, noted physician and
grandfather of biologists Charles Darwin and Francis Galton, explored
evolutionary concepts in his work "Zoonomia" or the "Laws of Organic
Life" that were related to those of French biologist Jean Baptiste
Lamarck. Darwin believed that species modified themselves to
their environment in a purposeful way. Combining 18th Century values of
materialism with simple observations, he is usually noted as a
transitional figure in evolutionary theory.
(HNQ, 9/14/00)
1732 Jan 17, Stanislaw II August
Poniatowski, last king of Poland (1764-95), was born.
(MC, 1/17/02)
1732 Jan 20, Richard Henry Lee,
American Revolutionary patriot and signer of the Declaration of
Independence, was born.
(HN, 1/20/99)
1732 Jan 24, Pierre Caron de
Beaumarchais (d.1799), French dramatist, was born. He was best
remembered for his plays "Barber of Civil" and "Marriage of Figaro." He
was a conduit for French gold and arms to American Revolution,
persecuted by mob during French Rev. "It is not necessary to understand
things in order to argue about them."
(AP,
12/21/99)(www.theatrehistory.com/french/beaumarchais001.html)
1732 Feb 17, Louis Marchand (63),
composer, died.
(MC, 2/17/02)
1732 Feb 22, George Washington
(1732-1799), first U.S. President, was born in Westmoreland, Virginia.
He is revered as the "Father of His Country" for the great services he
rendered during America's birth and infancy--a period of nearly 20
years. He spent most of his boyhood at Ferry Farm, across from the
village of Fredericksburg. He later married Martha Custis, a widow with
2 sons. They had no children together. Martha Washington is credited
with originating the first US bandanna. He held 317 slaves and once
said: "To set the slaves afloat at once would... be productive of much
inconvenience and mischief?". Washington commanded the Continental Army
that won American independence from Britain in 1783. In 1787,
Washington was elected president of the Constitutional Convention that
created the form of American democratic government that survives to
this day. Washington was also elected in 1787 as the first president of
the United States, serving two terms. One of his officers, "Light-horse
Harry" Lee, summed up how Americans felt about George Washington:
"First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his
countrymen." George Washington died at his Mount Vernon home on
December 14, 1799, at the age of 67.
(A & IP, ESM, p.10)(AHD, p.1446)(SFC, 3/8/96,
p.A21)(Hem., 3/97, p.101) (SFC,12/897, p.A27)(HN, 2/22/98)(HNPD,
2/22/99)
1732 Feb 26, The 1st mass
celebrated in American Catholic church was at St Joseph's Church,
Philadelphia.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1732 Mar 5, Joseph-Francois
Salomon (82), composer, died.
(MC, 3/5/02)
1732 Mar 31, Joseph Haydn
(d.1809), Austrian composer who helped develop the classical style, was
born. In his career he composed 104 symphonies, 82 string quartets and
60 piano sonatas. He also wrote some 175 baritone pieces for his
patron, the Hungarian prince Nickolaus Esterhazy, who played the
complex stringed instrument. The Canadian scholar David Schroeder
wrote: "Haydn and the Enlightenment."
(CFA, '96,Vol 179, p.42)(WUD, 1994, p.651)(WSJ,
8/26/97, p.A14)(HN, 3/31/98)
1732 Apr 5, Jean Honore Fragonard
(d.1806), France, painter, was born. He painted "The Shady Grove."
Hubert Robert was a painter friend and the painting "La Jardinaire" was
painted by one or the other.
(WUD, 1994, p.562)(WSJ, 2/19/99, p.W12)(AAP,
1964)(MC, 4/5/02)
1732 Apr 13, Frederick Lord North,
British prime minister (1770-82) , was born.
(HN, 4/13/98)
1732 Apr 17, The 2nd Kamchatka
Expedition was announced in the Russian Senate and Vitus Bering was
named as captain commander. I.K. Kirilov, chief secretary of the
senate, expanded Bering’s mandate to include astronomical and
scientific observations, to explore the seas between Siberia and Japan
and to establish trade relations with peoples encountered.
(ON, 2/06, p.1)
1732 May 13, Theodor Schwarzkopf
(72), composer, died.
(MC, 5/13/02)
1732 Jun 3, Pieter Vuyst, Dutch
gov-gen. of Ceylon, was executed.
(MC, 6/3/02)
1732 Jun 9, Royal charter for
Georgia was granted to James Oglethorpe.
(MC, 6/9/02)
1732 Jun 21, Johann Christoph
Frederic Bach (d.1795), composer, was born. He is known as the
Buckeburg Bach for serving in that city his whole life.
(LGC-HCS, p.31)(MC, 6/21/02)
1732 Aug 13, Voltaire's "Zaire,"
premiered in Paris.
(MC, 8/13/02)
1732 Sep 2, Pope Clement XII
renewed anti-Jewish laws of Rome.
(MC, 9/2/01)
1732 Sep 24, 21 homosexuals were
burned in South Horn.
(MC, 9/24/01)
1732 Nov 8, John Dickinson
(d.1808), US statesman and publicist, was born. He authored "The
Liberty Song" in 1768.
(WUD, 1994 p.400)(SFC, 11/2/02, p.D2)
1732 Nov 14, 1st US professional
librarian, Louis Timothee, was hired in Phila.
(MC, 11/14/01)
1732 Dec 4, John Gay (47), English
poet (Beggar's Opera), died.
(MC, 12/4/01)
1732 Dec 6, Warren Hastings,
England, 1st governor-General of India (1773-84), was born.
(MC, 12/6/01)
1732 Dec 19, Benjamin Franklin
began publishing "Poor Richard's Almanack." [see Dec 28]
(AP, 12/19/97)(MC, 12/19/01)
1732 Dec 23, Richard Arkwright
(d.1792), English inventor (spinning frame) and industrialist, was born
into a poor family in Preston. He amassed one of the first factory
fortunes. He invented a water-powered cotton-spinning machine that
became the basis for huge cotton mills.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R4,8)(MC, 12/23/01)
1732 Dec 28, The first Poor
Richard's Almanac was published along with the 1st known ad in the
Pennsylvania Gazette. The Almanack was published by Richard Saunders
(really Ben Franklin). [see Dec 19]
(HFA, '96, p.20)(MC, 12/28/01)
1732 Marivaux, a French
playwright, wrote the play "Le Triomphe de l’amour." In 1997 it was
redone as the musical "Triumph of Love."
(WSJ, 10/29/97, p.A20)
1732 Handel composed his opera
"Ezio." It was about the hero Ezio, who returned to Rome after
conquering Attila the Hun only to be wrongly condemned for treason. The
libretto was by Metastasio and the work failed. It was stopped by
Handel after 5 performances.
(SFC, 3/5/97, p.E3)(SFEC, 4/20/97, BR p.9)(SFC,
4/28/97, p.B3)
1732 The Kaiserbrunn (emperor’s
brook) was discovered by Emperor Charles VI while on a hunting
expedition. It later supplied over half of Vienna's daily requirement
of drinking water, through a 130-km-long, rock-cut tunnel called the
First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline, constructed in 1873.
(www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2006/12/10/stories/2006121000080200.htm)
1732-1762 Nicola Salvi, sculptor, spent 30 years on
the Fontana de Trevi in Rome. It was the terminus of Agrippas Aqua
Virgo.
(SFEC, 7/2/00, p.T4)
1733 Jan 13, James Oglethorpe and
130 English colonists arrived at Charleston, SC.
(MC, 1/13/02)
1733 Jan 18, The 1st polar bear
exhibited in America was in Boston.
(MC, 1/18/02)
1733 Feb 1, August II (62), the
Strong, King of Lithuania and Poland (355 children), died in Warsaw.
(MC, 2/1/02)(LHC, 2/1/03)
1733 Feb 12, English colonists led
by James Oglethorpe founded Savannah, Ga. Gen. James Edward Oglethorpe
sailed up the Savannah River with 144 English men, women and children
and in the name of King George II chartered the Georgia Crown Colony.
He created the town of Savannah, to establish an ideal colony where
silk and wine would be produced, based on a grid of streets around six
large squares.
(SFC, 6/25/95, p.T-7)(SFEC,11/30/97, p.T4)(AP,
2/12/98)
1733 Feb 27, Johann Adam
Birkenstock (46), composer and sandal designer, died.
(MC, 2/27/02)
1733 Mar 13, Joseph Priestly
(d.1804), English chemist, author and clergyman, was born. He is
credited with the discovery of oxygen.
(HN, 3/13/99)(WUD, 1994 p.1142)
1733 May 6, 1st international
boxing match: Bob Whittaker beat Tito di Carni.
(MC, 5/6/02)
1733 May 12, Maria Theresa was
crowned queen of Bohemia in Prague.
(MC, 5/12/02)
1733 May 17, England passed the
Molasses Act, putting high tariffs on rum and molasses imported to the
colonies from a country other than British possessions.
(MC, 5/17/02)
1733 May 18, Georg Bohm (71),
German organist, composer, died.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1733 Jul 30, Society of Freemasons
opened their 1st American lodge in Boston.
(MC, 7/30/02)
1733 Aug 24, David Traugott
Nicolai (d.1799), composer, was born.
(MC, 8/24/02)
1733 Sep 11, Francois Couperin,
French composer (Le Grand), died at 64. [see Sep 12]
(MC, 9/11/01)
1733 Sep 12, Francois Couperin "Le
Grand", French composer, died at 64. [see Sep 11]
(MC, 9/12/01)
1733 Oct 10, France declared war
on Austria over the question of Polish succession.
(HN, 10/10/98)
1733 Nov 5, John Peter Zenger
(b.1697), German-born immigrant, published the 1st issue of the New
York Weekly Journal. Zenger, the partner of William Bradford, had left
the Gazette to form the rival New York Weekly Journal. Attorney James
Alexander hired Zenger in order to publish anonymously his criticism of
NY Governor William Cosby.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R43)(ON, 11/04, p.9)
1733 Voltaire authored his
"Lettres Anglaises" in which he hailed England as a "nation of
philosophers" and recognized the English Enlightenment.
(WSJ, 12/5/00, p.A24)
1733 Handel's opera "Orlando" was
first performed. The libretto was drawn from Orlando Furioso, the 16th
century epic by Ariosto that loosely translates as Orlando goes nuts.
The tale follows the fortunes of the Christian warrior Roland, nephew
of Charlemagne and defender of the faith against the Moors.
(WSJ, 2/28/96, p.A-16)
1733 The opera "Hippolyte et
Aricie" by Rameau had its premiere. The libretto was by Abbe
Simon-Joseph Pellegrin and was based on Racine’s 1677 drama
Phèdre.
(WSJ, 5/21/97, p.A12)
1733 Vivaldi’s opera, "Motezuma"
was first performed. The score came to light in 2002 when Hamburg-based
musicologist Steffen Voss found a copy of the score in the archives of
a Berlin-based choral society.
(AFP, 5/1/08)
1733 In New Mexico La Iglesia de
Santa Cruz de la Canada was built. It is the oldest and most formal of
the 6 adobe missions scattered along the western shoulder of the Sangre
de Cristo mountains between Taos and Santa Fe. It features the art work
of primitive artist Jose Rafael Aragon, who was buried here in 1862.
The book "La Iglesia de Santa Cruz de la Canada, 1733-1983" covered
this period. It was edited and published by poet and writer Jim Sagel
(d.1998 at 50). Sagel received the Governor’s Award for the book in
1984.
(SFC, 5/12/96, p.T-5)(SFC, 4/9/98, p.C14)
1733 The Pennsylvania city of
Reading became one of America's first producers of iron and was for
nearly a century the foremost in the country. Settled in 1733 by the
sons of William Penn, the city is situated on the Schuylkill River in
the southeastern part of the state. The Reading foundries furnished
cannon for the American forces in the Revolutionary War and the Union
during the Civil War.
(HNQ, 5/6/98)
1733 St. Croix island was
purchased from the French by the Dutch West India and Guinea Company.
(NG, Jan, 1968, C. Mitchell, p. 84)
1733 Dr. W. Houston, British
botanist, died.
(WUD, 1994, p.689)
1733-1740 In Malta the Cathedral Museum in Mdina was
built as a seminary opposite the Mdina Cathedral. Traces of the
classical city of Melite were later found beneath it.
(AM, 7/97, p.48)
1733-1795 Maruyama Okyo, artist, pictured a 50 mile
scene in "Both Banks of the Yodo River."
(WSJ, 12/1/98, p.A20)
1733-1808 Hubert Robert, painter. He painted "The Old
Bridge."
(AAP, 1964)
1734 Jan 24, In Cracow the 2nd
last king of Lithuania and Poland, August III, was crowned.
(LHC, 1/24/03)
1734 Jan 31, Julien-Amable
Mathieu, composer, was born.
(MC, 1/31/02)
1734 Jan 31, Robert Morris,
Declaration of Independence signer, was born.
(HN, 1/31/99)
1734 Mar 9, The Russians took
Danzig (Gdansk) in Poland.
(HN, 3/9/99)
1734 Mar 10, Spanish army under
Don Carlos (III) drew into Naples.
(MC, 3/10/02)
1734 Mar 21, Gunther Jacob
Wenceslaus (48), composer, died.
(MC, 3/21/02)
1734 Apr 1, Louis Lully (69),
French composer, died.
(MC, 4/1/02)
1734 May 23, Friedrich (Franz)
Anton Mesmer (d.1815), physician and hypnotist, was born.
(HN, 5/23/98)(WSJ, 5/30/00, p.A24)
1734 Oct 14, Francis Lightfoot
Lee, US farmer and signer of the Declaration of Independence), was born.
(MC, 10/14/01)
1734 Oct 22, NY Gov. William Cosby
ordered the hangman and whipper of NY to burn 4 back issues of the New
York Weekly Journal.
(ON, 11/04, p.9)
1734 Nov 2, Daniel Boone, American
frontiersman, was born.
(HFA, '96, p.18)(HN, 11/2/98)
1734 Nov 17, John Zenger was
arrested for libel against NY colonial governor William Cosby. Zenger
was later acquitted.
(ON, 11/04, p.9)
1734 Dec 18, Jean-Baptiste Rey,
composer, was born.
(MC, 12/18/01)
1734 Filippo della Valle created
his sculpture "Allegorical Figure of Temperament." It was a smaller
version of a larger marble statue.
(WSJ, 1/29/02, p.A18)
1734 In Canada a slave named
Angelique set fire to the city of Montreal and was hanged. She became
the title character in a 1999 play by Lorena Gale.
(WSJ, 6/22/99, p.A24)
1734 Holkham Hall in Norfolk,
England, was begun by Thomas Coke, later Earl of Leicester. He was a
great agricultural reformer and pioneered farming techniques that
increased yields from tenants nine fold in 40 years. He held sheep
shearings where thousands of farmers also compared notes on new plows
and seed.
(NG, Nov. 1985, p.689,691)
1734 Father Nicholas Tamaral
attempted to enforce a ban polygamy among the Pericu Indians in Baha
California. The Pericu beat him in return and apparently burned him
alive.
(SSFC, 2/6/05, p.F8)
1734 Charles III was crowned King
of the Two Sicilies. He ordered the island of Ponza rebuilt as part of
his defenses. Major Winspeare of the British Royal Army Corp was the
engineer of the project and the design was by Carpi, a Neapolitan
architect.
(SFEC, 11/8/98, p.T12)
1734-1802 George Romney, English painter. He painted
"Miss Willoughby."
(AAP, 1964)(WUD, 1994, p.1243)
1734-1823 Adam Czartoryski, a friend of Rousseau and
Ben Franklin and luminary of the enlightenment in Poland, was an art
collector and displayed his art at the family estate at Pulawy.
(WSJ, 7/30/97, p.A13)
1735 Jan 1, Paul Revere (d.1818),
U.S. patriot who rode through the streets of Boston during the American
Revolution, warning of the British landings, was born to Apollos
Rivoire and Deborah Hitchbourne, one of 13 children.
(HN, 1/1/99)(HNQ, 6/27/02)
1735 Feb 18, The 1st opera
performed in America, "Flora," in Charleston, SC.
(MC, 2/18/02)
1735 Feb 27, John Arbuthnot,
physician, mathematician, died.
(MC, 2/27/02)
1735 Jun 10, John Morgan,
physician-in-chief of Continental Army, was born.
(HN, 6/10/98)
1735 Aug 4, A jury acquitted John
Peter Zenger of the New York Weekly Journal of seditious libel.
(AP, 8/4/97)
1735 Aug 18, The Evening Post
began publishing in Boston, Mass.
(MC, 8/18/02)
1735 Sep 5, Johann Christian Bach
(d.1782), composer, son of JS Bach, was born. He is known as the London
Bach. He traveled to Italy, became a Catholic, and went to England
where he was mentor to the young Mozart. He also represented the Style
Gallant.
(LGC-HCS, p.31)(MC, 9/5/01)
1735 Sep 22, Robert Walpole became
the 1st British PM to live at 10 Downing Street.
(MC, 9/22/01)
1735 Oct 30, John Adams, second
president of the United States (1797-1801), was born in Braintree
(Quincy), Mass.
(AP, 10/30/97)(HN, 10/30/98)(MC, 10/30/01)
1735 William Hogarth made drawings
for "The Rake’s Progress."
(SFEC, 1/25/98, DB p.7)
1735 Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
translated a book on Abyssinia by a Portuguese Jesuit: “A Voyage to
Abyssinia.” In 1759 Johnson authored his prose fiction “The History of
Rasellas, Prince of Abissinia.” In the novel morality and happiness are
shown not as matters of simple alternatives but sometimes impossible
ones.
(www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~www_se/personal/cjmm/Rasselas.html)(http://tinyurl.com/ld7bp)
1735 Henry Fielding set up his own
theater company at the Little Theater in London's Haymarket. His 1st
production was Pasquin.
(ON, 9/03, p.8)
1735 Handel composed his operas
"Ariodante" and "Alcina." The librettos were drawn from an episode of
Orlando Furioso, the 16th century Italian epic by Ariosto.
(WSJ, 2/28/96, p.A-16)(WSJ, 12/8/98, p.A20)
1735 Jean-Philippe Rameau composed
his rococo opera-ballet "Les Indes Galantes," (The Amorous Indies).
(WSJ, 10/21/99, p.A20)
1735 Just-Aurele Meissonier, a
royal silversmith, made a Rococo soup tureen for the Duke of Kingston.
It later passed to J.P. Morgan and in 1998 was valued at over $8
million.
(WSJ, 5/8/98, p.W12)
1735 In London, England, Col. Sir
Thomas De Veil began dispensing justice from a house on Bow Street. De
Veil was succeeded by Henry Fielding.
(SFC, 7/14/06, p.A2)
1735 A French expedition to South
America was led by Charles-Marie de la Condamine. It produced the
earliest maps of the northern part of the continent and led to the
introduction of platinum and rubber to Europe. In 2004 Robert Whitaker
authored “The Mapmaker’s Wife: A True Tale of Love, Murder, and
Survival in the Amazon.” It was an account of Jean Godin (d.1792), the
expedition’s mapmaker, and his wife, Isabel Grameson. The couple
married in Quito in 1741.
(Econ, 5/15/04, p.81)(ON, 5/05, p.1)
1735 Lady Hyegyong was born in
Korea. At age 9-10 she married Crown Prince Sado (~10), who was
murdered by his father, King Yongjo, in 1762. Hyegyônggung Hong
Ssi later authored her memoir “Hanjungnok.”
(Econ, 9/11/04,
p.79)(www.financial-book-review.com)
c1735-1736 Jean Baptiste Simeon Chardin (1699-1779),
French painter, painted "The Young Schoolmistress."
(WSJ, 6/19/00, p.A42)
1735-1826 John Adams, 2nd president of the US from
1797-1801.
(AHD, 1971, p.14)(A&IP, Miers, p.17)
1736 Jan 19, James Watt, Scottish
inventor of the steam engine who gave his name to a unit of power, was
born. [see 1705]
(AP, 1/19/98)(HN, 1/19/99)
1736 Jan 27, Stanislaw Lesheinski
gave up the Polish-Lithuanian throne.
(LHC, 1/27/03)
1736 Feb 19, Georg F. Handel's
"Alexander's Feast," premiered.
(MC, 2/19/02)
1736 Feb 29, Anna Lee, founder of
the Shaker movement in America, was born.
(HN, 2/29/00)
1736 Mar 10, NY colonial Gov.
William Cosby died. George Clarke became the new governor.
(ON, 11/04,
p.10)(www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/zenger/chronology.html)
1736 Mar 16, Giovanni Battista
Pergolesi (b.1710), Italian composer (Il Prigioniero Superbo, Stabat
Mater), died. Marvin Paymer (d.2002), an expert on Pergolesi, later
edited the 26-volume "The New Pergolesi Edition."
(MC, 1/4/02)(SFC, 6/24/02, p.B6)(MC, 3/16/02)
1736 Mar 23, Iman Willem Falck,
Dutch Governor of Ceylon (1765-83), was born.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1736 May 26, British and Chickasaw
Indians defeated the French at the Battle of Ackia. In northwestern
Mississippi the Chickasaw Indians, supported by the British, defeated a
combined force of French soldiers and Chocktaw Indians, thus opening
the region to English settlement.
(AHD, 1971, p.11)(HN, 5/26/98)
1736 May 29, Patrick Henry
(d.1799), American Colonial patriot, orator and governor of Virginia,
was born. He was a slave-owner and justified the fact by saying: "I am
driven along by the general inconvenience of living here without them."
He later said "Give me liberty or give me death."
(SFC,12/897, p.A27)(HN, 5/29/01)
1736 Aug 8, Mahomet Weyonomon, a
Mohegan sachem or leader, died of smallpox while waiting to see King
George II to complain directly about British settlers encroaching on
tribal lands in the Connecticut colony. The tribal chief was buried in
an unmarked grave in a south London churchyard.
(AP, 11/22/06)(http://tinyurl.com/ymbn3c)
1736 Sep 10, Carter Braxton, US
farmer and signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born.
(MC, 9/10/01)
1736 Sep 16, Gabriel Daniel
Fahrenheit (b.1686), Gdansk-born German physicist, died in the
Netherlands. He discovered that water boils at 212F and freezes at 32F.
(www.britannica.com)
1736 Nov 18, Carl Friedrich
Christian Fasch, composer, was born.
(MC, 11/18/01)
1736 Nov 26, Charles-Joseph
Panckoucke, French publisher (Mercure de France), was born.
(MC, 11/26/01)
1736 Gian Domenico Ferretti
(1692-1767) created his painting “The Brazen Serpent.”
(www.unh.edu/music/Icon/ighnjidx.htm)
1736 Henry Fielding presented his
play "The Historical Register for the Year 1736," a pointed attack on
the British government of PM Walpole.
(ON, 9/03, p.8)
1736 J.S. Bach played weekly
concerts at Zimmerman’s coffeehouse in Leipzig on Friday evenings from
8 to 10.
(LGC-HCS, p.25)
1736 Jean Marie Leclair organized
the Recreation de Musique.
(EMN, 1/96, p.4)
1736 Early expansion of American
Presbyterianism was spurred by the founding of "log colleges,"
especially the one formed in this year by Rev. William Tennent, Sr. at
Neshaminy.
(HNQ, 7/6/99)
1736 Georgia’s founder, General
James Edward Oglethorpe, established Fort Frederica on the northern tip
of St. Simon Island off the coast of Georgia.
(SFC, 4/28/96, p.T-7)
1736 Britain’s Mortmain Act
(literally meaning 'dead hand') was introduced to protect the rights of
heirs and frustrate benefactors determined to disinherit their
families. It invalidated charitable gifts of land or buildings unless
they were made in the last year of the donor's life.
(www.pnnonline.org/article.php?sid=2398&mode=thread&order=0)
1736 Samuel Baldwin of Hampshire,
England, had his body cast into the ocean. He requested this so that
his wife could not carry out her threat to dance on his grave.
(SFEC, 11/14/99, Z1 p.2)
1736 Filippo Juvarra (b.1678),
Italian baroque architect, died in Madrid.
(www.italycyberguide.com/Art/artistsarchite/juvarra.htm)
1736 Nadir Shah (head of Persia)
occupied southwest Afghanistan, and southeast Persia.
(www.afghan, 5/25/98)
1736-1795 The period of the Qianlong (Ch’ien-lung)
reign over China. Qianlong was a painter and calligrapher and showed an
insatiable appetite for collecting art. His collection formed the core
of the later National Palace Museum.
(SFEC, 10/6/96, DB p.36)(SFC, 10/14/96, p.B3)
1737 Jan 12, John Hancock, first
signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born. [see Jan 23]
(HN, 1/12/99)
1737 Jan 21, Ethan Allen, American
Revolutionary commander of the "Green Mountain Boys" who captured Fort
Ticonderoga in 1775, was born.
(HN, 1/21/99)
1737 Jan 23, John Hancock
(d.1793), American statesman and first Governor of Massachusetts, was
born. He was governor twice: (1780-1785 and 1787-1793). His was the
first signature in large script at the bottom of the US Declaration of
Independence. [see Jan 12]
(HFA, '96, p.22)(AHD, p.597)
1737 Jan 29, Thomas Paine,
political essayist, was born in England and went on to write "The
Rights of Man" and "The Age of Reason." He lived his final years in
poverty and obscurity, and died June 8, 1809.
(HN, 1/29/99)(HNQ, 9/21/99)
1737 Feb 20, French minister of
Finance, Chauvelin, resigned.
(MC, 2/20/02)
1737 Mar 12, Galileo's body was
moved to Church of Santa Croce in Florence, Italy.
(MC, 3/12/02)
1737 Mar 28, Francesco Zanetti,
composer, was born.
(MC, 3/28/02)
1737 Apr 27, Edward Gibbon
(d.1794), historian, writer of "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,"
was born. [see May 8, 1737]
(HN, 4/27/98)
1737 May 8, Edward Gibbon, English
historian, author of "Decline and Fall of Roman Empire," was born. [see
April 27, 1737] "All that is human must be retrograde if it does not
advance."
(HN, 5/8/98)(AP, 2/27/00)
1737 May, Sir Robert Walpole
argued for censorship of a play in the House of Commons of a satire
called "The Golden Rump." Walpole pressed through Parliament a
Licensing Act that lasted over 200 years.
(WSJ, 10/14/97, p.A22)(ON, 9/03, p.8)
1737 Jul 9, The last Medici-grand
duke of Toscane, died.
(MC, 7/9/02)
1737 Jul 18, The Turkish army beat
the Austrians in the Battle at Banja Luka.
(MC, 7/18/02)
1737 Sep 14, Johann Michael Haydn
(d.1806), composer and younger brother of Franz Joseph, was born in
Austria.
(http://www.haydn.dk/index.php)
1737 Sep 19, In India’s Bay of
Bengal a cyclone destroyed some 20,000 ships. It was estimated that
more than 300,000 people died in the densely populated area called the
Sundarbans. Later research indicated the population of Calcutta at the
time to be around 20,000. An estimate of the number of deaths was
revised down to about 3,000.
(http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/gif_images/1737Calcutta.pdf)
1737 Dec 18, Antonio Stradivari,
the most renowned violin maker in history, died in Cremona, Italy. He
made about 1200 violins of great quality of which half still survive.
In 2006 Joseph Nagyvary, a Texas biochemist and violin maker, put
forward evidence that the quality of sound in a Stradivari violin was
due to chemicals used to protect the wood from wood-eating worms.
(WSJ, 10/17/94, p.1)(AP, 12/18/98)(SFC, 12/28/06,
p.A20)
1737 Sep 19, Charles Carroll
(d.1832), American patriot and legislator, was born. He was the only
Roman Catholic signer of the Declaration and his signature read Charles
Carroll of Carrollton. He lived in Maryland where, as a Roman Catholic
he was forbidden from voting and holding public office. However, the
wealthy Carrolls moved in the highest social circle and entertained
George Washington and the Marquis de Lafayette at their estate.
(HNQ, 1/14/99)(MC, 9/19/01)
1737 Oct 2, Francis Hopkinson, US
writer and lawyer, was born. He designed the Stars & Stripes.
(MC, 10/2/01)
1737 Oct 7, 40 foot waves sank
20,000 small craft and killed 300,000 in Bengal, India.
(MC, 10/7/01)
1737 Oct 22, Vincenzo Manfredini,
composer, was born.
(MC, 10/22/01)
1737 The French annual art
exhibition known as the Salon was inaugurated.
(WSJ, 11/19/03, p.D12)
1737 The English puppet opera “The
Dragon of Wantley” was written with music by John Frederick Lampe and
libretto by Henry Carey.
(ST, 5/20/04, p.C8)
1737 Frenchman Jacques de
Vaucanson created a mechanical, flute playing “android.”
(Econ, 3/26/05, p.17)
1737 Handel experienced some
mental turbulence after a stroke.
(LGC-HCS, p.46)
1737 Richmond, Virginia was
founded.
(WSJ, 12/21/95, p.A-5)
1737 London officials worried
about the large amount of British government bonds held by Dutch
investors.
(WSJ, 5/28/96, p. R-23)
1737 Rev. Andrew Le Mercier, a
Huguenot living in Boston, set the first horses out to graze on Sable
Island, 100 miles east of Nova Scotia. A few decades later Thomas
Hancock of Boston plundered some 60 horses from Acadian settlers
expelled from Nova Scotia by British overlords, and settled them on
Sable Island. Hardy descendants of the horses still thrived in 1998.
(SFC, 7/23/98, p.C3)
1737 Florence ended its era as an
independent state.
(SFEC,11/30/97, p.T3)
1738 Apr 15, The bottle opener was
invented.
(MC, 4/15/02)
1738 May 9, John Pindar, [Peter],
physician, poet, was born.
(MC, 5/9/02)
1738 May 24, The Methodist Church
was established.
(HN, 5/24/98)
1738 May 28, Dr. Joseph Ignace
Guillotine, French inventor of the guillotine, was born.
(HN, 5/28/98)
1738 Jun 4, George III was born
(d.1820). He was the King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760-1820,
and the King of Hanover from 1815-1820. He was responsible for losing
the American colonies. He passed the Royal Marriages Act, which made it
unlawful for his children to marry without his consent.
(HFA, '96, p.32)(AHD, 1971, p.552)(WSJ, 5/23/96,
p.A-10)
1738 Jul 3, John Singleton Copley,
finest colonial American artist, was born in Mass.
(MC, 7/3/02)
1738 Oct 10, Benjamin West,
painter (Death of General Wolfe), was born.
(MC, 10/10/01)
1738 Nov 15, Sir William Hershel,
British astronomer who discovered Uranus, was born.
(HN, 11/15/98)
1738 Dec 9, Jews were expelled
from Breslau, Silesia.
(MC, 12/9/01)
1738 Dec 31, Charles Lord
Cornwallis (d.1805), soldier and statesman, was born. "Fire when ready
Gridley."
(MC, 12/31/01)
1738 Handel composed his opera
"Serse" and his oratorio "Saul." Handel's "Xerxes" was first performed.
The original Italian libretto was by Nicolo Minato and Silvio
Stampiglia.
(LGC-HCS, p.41,46)(WSJ, 3/25/96, p.A-15)
1738 Jacques de Vaucanson
exhibited a mechanical flute player that actually breathed.
(WSJ, 8/23/02, p.W8)
1738 Pope Clement XII issued a
bull against the Freemasons forbidding Catholics to join under threat
of excommunication.
(WSJ, 2/6/02, p.A16)
c1738 In Russia the Vaganova
Ballet Academy was founded. It was later attached to St. Petersburg’s
Kirov Ballet.
(WSJ, 3/10/98, p.A1)
1738 Robert Locklear was king of
the Cheraw Indians. This tribe is thought by many to be ancestral to
what is now called the Lumbee Indian Tribe of North Carolina. The
Lumbees have been called Croatan Indians, the Indians of Robeson
County, the Cherokee Indians of Robeson County, and since 1952, the
Lumbee Indians.
(WSJ, 11/13/95, p.A-1, 5)
1738 Daniel Bernouilli
(1700-1782), Swiss physicist and mathematician, son of Johan explained
how lift is created, as in a backward spinning golf ball, by a
difference of air pressures. He is known for the Bernouilli equation.
(WUD, 1994, p.141)(SFEC, 6/14/98, p.A12)
1738 Nadir Shah (head of Persia)
took Kandahar [Afghanistan].
(www.afghan, 5/25/98)
1738-1789 Jan 10, Ethan Allen was born. He was the
American Revolutionary commander of the Green Mountain Boys in Vermont.
(HFA, '96, p.22)(AHD, p.34)
1738-1815 John Singleton Copley, American painter. He
painted the elite of colonial Boston. His portraits lacked facility but
he developed an exceedingly direct approach to his art. His paintings
include portraits of Epes Sargent, Moses Gill, Nathaniel Sparhawk, Mary
Royall and Samuel Adams.
(WSJ, 6/14/95, p.A-14)
1738-1822 Sir William Herschel, British astronomer,
one of the first to formulate the hypothesis that the stellar system to
which our Sun belongs occupies a lenticular volume, with the Sun
located somewhere inside, near the plane of the lens.
(SCTS, p.136)
1739 Feb 7, Joseph Pouteau,
composer, was born.
(MC, 2/7/02)
1739 Mar 16, George Clymer, US
merchant (signed Declaration of Independence and Constitution), was
born.
(MC, 3/16/02)
1739 Mar 20, Eligio Celestino,
composer, was born.
(MC, 3/20/02)
1739 Mar 20, In India, Nadir Shah
of Persia occupied Delhi and took possession of the Peacock thrown.
King Nadir Shah later took the golden Peacock Throne back to Persia.
(HN, 3/20/99)(SFEC, 5/21/00, p.T8)
1739 Apr 10, Dick Turpin was
executed in England for horse stealing.
(MC, 4/10/02)
1739 May 12, Johann Baptist
Vanhal, composer, was born.
(MC, 5/12/02)
1739 Jul 24, Benedetto Marcello,
composer, died on 53rd birthday.
(MC, 7/24/02)
1739 Sep 1, 35 Jews were sentenced
to life in prison in Lisbon, Portugal.
(MC, 9/1/02)
1739 Sep 7, Joseph Legros,
composer, was born.
(MC, 9/7/01)
1739 Sep 9, A slave revolt in
Stono, SC, led by an Angolan slave named Jemmy, killed 20-25 whites.
Three slave uprisings occurred in South Carolina in 1739. Whites soon
passed black codes to regulated every aspect of slave life.
(SFC, 12/18/96,
p.A25)(www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p284.html)(AH, 2/05, p.66)
1739 Sep 13, Grigory Potemkin
(d.1791), Russian army officer, statesman, Catherine II's lover, was
born. [see Sep 24]
(MC, 9/13/01)
1739 Sep 18, Turkey and Austria
signed peace treaty-Austria ceding Belgrade to Turks. [see Sep 23]
(MC, 9/18/01)
1739 Sep 23, The Austrians signed
the Treaty of Belgrade after having lost the city to the Turks. [see
Sep 18]
(HN, 9/23/98)
1739 Sep 24, Grigorij A. Potemkin
(d.1791), Monarch of Tauris and friend of Catherine II, was born. [see
Sep 13]
(MC, 9/24/01)(WSJ, 2/14/02, p.A18)
1739 Oct 3, Russia signed a treaty
with the Turks, ending a three-year conflict between the two countries.
(HN, 10/3/98)
1739 Oct 17, King George II
granted Thomas Coram, retired sea captain, a royal charter to establish
"a hospital for the reception, maintenance and education of exposed and
deserted young children."
(ON, 9/02, p.8)
1739 Oct 19, England declared war
on Spain over borderlines in Florida. The War is known as the War of
Jenkins’ Ear because a member of Parliament waved a dried ear and
demanded revenge for alleged mistreatment of British sailors. British
seaman Robert Jenkins had his ear amputated following a 1731 barroom
brawl with a Spanish Customs guard in Havana and saved the ear in his
sea chest.
(EWH, 4th ed, p.555)(HN, 10/19/98)(PCh, 1992, p.292)
1739 Nov 2, Karl Ditters von
Dittersdorf, composer, was born.
(MC, 11/2/01)
1739 Nov 22, Adm. Edward Vernon
captured the Spanish city of Portobello, Panama, with a force of 6
British ships.
(PCh, 1992, p.292)
1739 Dec 25, Chevalier de
Saint-Georges (d.1799) was born on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe.
He was the first African American musician to achieve international
renown as a classical composer, violinist and conductor.
(http://ChevalierDeSaintGeorges.Homestead.com/Page1.html)
1739 Handel composed his oratorio
"Israel in Egypt." Text was taken from the books of Exodus and Psalms.
The first of the 3 parts is actually a funeral ode written the previous
year for Queen Caroline. The gender of the pronouns were changed to
serve as a lament for the death of Joseph.
(LGC-HCS, p.46)(SFEC, 9/15/96, BR p.7)(SFC, 9/23/96,
D3)
1739 Rameau composed his opera
"Dardanus."
(SFC,10/21/97, p.E3)
1739-1740 The Peacock Throne (containing parts of the
famous royal Mogul seat) is supposed to have been brought by Nadir Shah
to Iran from Delhi. Lord Curzona (father of Ms. Ravensdale) asserted
that the throne was discovered in a broken and piecemeal condition by
Aga Mohammed Shah, and that he had it made up into the throne of modern
shape.
(NG, Sept. 1939, Baroness Ravensdale, p.326,331)
1739-1823 William Bartram, American Quaker
naturalist. His work included: "Travels Through North and South
Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida" (1791), "Observations on the
Creek and Cherokee Indians" and "Some Account of the Late Mr. John
Bartram of Pennsylvania." "A Seminole chief named Cowkeeper... gave him
the name of Puc Puggy or "flower hunter"."
(Nat. Hist., 4/96, p.10-12)
1740 Feb 3, Charles de Bourbon,
King of Naples, invited the Jews to return to Sicily.
(MC, 2/3/02)
1740 Feb 7, Adam-Philippe Custine,
French earl, general, MP, was born.
(MC, 2/7/02)
1740 Feb 8, Clement XII (87),
[Lorenzo Corsini], blind Pope (1730-40), died.
(MC, 2/8/02)
1740 Feb 16, Giambattista Bodoni,
printer, typeface designer (Bodoni), was born in Saluzzo, Italy.
(MC, 2/16/02)
1740 May 6, John Penn, signer of
the Declaration of Independence, was born.
(HN, 5/6/98)
1740 May 9, Giovanni Paisiello,
Italian composer (Barber of Seville), was born.
(MC, 5/9/02)
1740 Jun 2, Donatien Alphonse
Francois, writer, Marquis de Sade, was born in Paris. He was the French
nobleman who was imprisoned for holding orgies in which he whipped and
sodomized prostitutes. He wrote "The 120 Days of Sodom" and "Justine."
In 1998 Francine du Plessix Gray authored "At Home With the Marquis de
Sade."
(http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Atrium/3539/)
(WUD, 1994, p.1259)(WSJ, 2/7/96, p.A-12)(WSJ,
11/5/98, p.A20)(WSJ, 2/7/96, p.A-12)(HN, 6/2/99)
1740 Jun 22, King Frederick II of
Prussia ended torture and guaranteed religion and freedom of the press.
(MC, 6/22/02)
1740 Jul 8, Pierre Vigne (b.1670),
Frenchman, died. He founded the Congregation of Sisters of the Most
Holy Sacrament. In 2004 he was beatified by Pope John Paul VI.
(AP, 10/3/04)(www.catholic-forum.com)
1740 Aug 1, Thomas Arne's song
"Rule Britannia," which celebrated Britain’s military and commercial
prowess, was performed for the 1st time. It grew to become the
unofficial anthem.
(HN, 8/1/98)(Econ, 2/3/07, SR p.3)
1740 Aug 26, Joseph-Michel
Montgolfier, French inventor, born. He and his brother Jacques-Etienne
invented the hot air balloon in 1783.
(RTH, 8/26/99)
1740 Sep 11, The first mention of
an African American doctor or dentist in the colonies was made in the
Pennsylvania Gazette.
(HN, 9/11/98)
1740 Oct 20, Maria Theresa became
ruler of Austria, Hungary and Bohemia upon the death of her father,
Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI.
(AP, 10/20/06)
1740 Oct 29, James Boswell, Samuel
Johnson's biographer, was born in Scotland.
(MC, 10/29/01)
1740 Henry Fielding began working
as a lawyer and read "Pamela or Virtue Rewarded" by Samuel Richardson.
Fielding soon authored his satire "Shamela" in response.
(ON, 9/03, p.1)
1740 A slave plot was uncovered in
Charleston that resulted in the hanging of 50 blacks.
(HNQ, 6/10/98)
1740 The ignoring of the Pragmatic
Sanction of 1713 led to the War of the Austrian Succession in 1740.
When Charles VI died in 1740, Maria Theresa’s claim was ignored by
Elector Charles Albert of Bavaria, Augustus III of Saxony and Poland,
and Philip V of Spain, igniting a general European war.
(HNQ, 7/29/99)
1740 A dark oak room from Rouen,
France, was later transferred to the Legion of Honor Art Museum in San
Francisco, Ca.
(WSJ, 11/16/95, p.A-18)
1740 Frederick the Great awarded
what is believed to be the first medal for combat bravery, the Pour le
Merite, nicknamed the Blue Max.
(WSJ, 4/23/99, A1)
1740s Frederick the Great built a
summer palace in Potsdam named Sans-souci (without worries).
(SFEC, 7/27/97, p.T11)
1740s Antonio de Solis, a Spanish
priest, found the ruins of Palenque, Mexico, while planting a
field.
(SSFC, 5/5/02, p.C5)
1740-1790 The period that approximates the years of
the Scottish Enlightenment. It centered on the intellectual environment
of Glasgow and Edinburgh, Scotland, where men such as Adam Smith and
David Hume produced work that greatly influenced James Madison and
Alexander Hamilton. This environment is well described in The Life of
Adam Smith by Ian Simpson Ross in 1995.
(WSJ, 11/30/95, p.A-20)
1740-1794 Nicolas Chamford, French writer: "The public! the public! How
many fools does it take to make up a public?"
(AP, 6/9/98)
1740-1807 John Frere, English archeologist, one of
the earliest students of prehistory.
(OAPOC-TH, p.71)
1741 Jan 14, Benedict Arnold, U.S.
General turned traitor, was born.
(www.britannica.com/eb/article-9009576)
1741 Feb 8, Andre-Ernest-Modeste
Gretry, composer, was born.
(MC, 2/8/02)
1741 Feb 9, Henri-Joseph Rigel,
composer, was born.
(MC, 2/9/02)
1741 Feb 13, Andrew Bradford of
Pennsylvania published the first American magazine. Titled "The
American Magazine, or A Monthly View of the Political State of the
British Colonies." Bradford introduced his American Magazine just days
before Benjamin Franklin founded his periodical called General Magazine
in Philadelphia. Bradford’s survived 3 months while Franklin’s survived
for 6 months.
(HFA, '96, p.24)(HNQ, 9/3/98)(AP, 2/13/01)
1741 Feb 16, Benjamin Franklin's
General Magazine (2nd US Mag) began publishing.
(MC, 2/16/02)
1741 Mar 4, English fleet under
Admiral Ogle reached Cartagena, Colombia.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1741 Mar 13, Jozef II, arch duke
of Austria, Roman Catholic German emperor (1765-90), was born.
(MC, 3/13/02)
1741 Mar 25, The London Foundling
Hospital opened in temporary accommodations in Hatton Garden following
extensive efforts by former sea captain Thomas Coram (1668-1751).
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundling_Hospital)
1741 Apr 8, Jose B. da Gama,
Portuguese poet (O Uraguai), was born.
(MC, 4/8/02)
1741 Apr 13, Dutch people
protested the bad quality of bread.
(MC, 4/13/02)
1741 Apr 15, Charles Wilson Peale
(d.1827), American portrait painter and inventor, was born. His 2nd
teacher was John Singleton Copley.
(SFC, 1/25/97, p.E3)(HN, 4/15/98)
1741 Apr 11, A Russian commission
found regent Count Biron guilty of treason and sentenced him to death
by quartering. The sentence was commuted to banishment for life in
Siberia.
(PCh, 1992, p.294)
1741 Apr 17, Samuel Chase, signer
of the Declaration of Independence, was born.
(HN, 4/17/98)
1741 May 8, France and Bavaria
signed the Covenant of Nymphenburg.
(MC, 5/8/02)
1741 May 10, Johann Michael
Schmidt, composer, was born.
(MC, 5/10/02)
1741 May 29, Johann Gottfried
Krebs, composer, was born.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1741 Jun 11, Austria ceded most of
Silesia to Prussia by Treaty of Breslau.
(AP, 6/11/03)
1741 Jun 22, Alois Luigi Tomasini,
composer, was born.
(MC, 6/22/02)
1741 Jul 15, George Steller, an
observer with Vitus Bering (1680-1741), claimed to see the American
mainland (Alaska). Bering, a Danish-born mariner, was on an exploratory
mission on behalf of Russia.
(WSJ, 9/12/00, p.A24)(SFEC, 3/23/97, p.T5)(ON, 2/06,
p.2)
1741 Jul 16, Vitus Bering
(1680-1741) first sighted Mt. St. Elias, the second highest peak in
Alaska at 18,008 feet.
(AAM, 3/96, p.84)(WUD, 1994 p.140)
1741 Aug 31, Johann Paul Aegidius
Martini, composer, was born.
(MC, 8/31/01)
1741 Sep 14, George Frederick
Handel (1685-1759) finished "Messiah" oratorio, after working on it in
London non-stop for 23 days. Messiah premiered April 13, 1742.
(LGC-HCS, p.41)(
http://www.gospelcom.net/chi/GLIMPSEF/Glimpses/glmps147.shtml)
1741 Oct, George Wilhelm Steller,
German naturalist on the Bering voyage, discovered large sea cows
(Hydrodamalis gigas) on Bering Island. Within 20 years the creatures
were eaten to extinction.
(CW, Jun 03, p.13)
1741 Nov 20, Melchior de Polignac,
French diplomat and clergyman, died.
(MC, 11/20/01)
1741 Nov 27, Jean-Pierre Duport,
composer, was born.
(MC, 11/27/01)
1741 Dec 5-1741 Dec 6, Russian
princess Elisabeth Petrovna grabbed power. Petrovna (31), the daughter
of Peter the Great, and her husband led a coup d’etat, deposed the
infant Czar Ivan VI, had him imprisoned and reigned until her death in
1762.
(PCh, 1992, p.294)(MC, 12/5/01)
1741 Dec 7, Elisabeth Petrovna
became tsarina of Russia.
(MC, 12/7/01)
1741 Dec 8, Vitus Bering,
Danish-born explorer and commander in the Russian navy, died on an
island off the Kamchatka Peninsula, later named Bering Island.
(ON, 2/06, p.4)
1741 Dec 25, Astronomer Anders
Celcius introduced the Centigrade temperature scale.
(MC, 12/25/01)
1741 Dec 30, Bartolomeo
Giacometti, composer, was born.
(MC, 12/30/01)
1741 Nathanael Greene (d.1786),
American Revolutionary War General, was born.
(ON, 12/01, p.12)
1741 Voltaire (1694-1778), French
playwright, wrote the play “Fanaticism, or Mahomet the Prophet.” He
used the founder of Islam to lampoon all forms of religious frenzy and
intolerance.
(WSJ, 3/6/06, p.A10)
1741 Rameau composed his "Pieces
de clavecin en concerts."
(SFC, 6/6/96, E3)
1741 Renowned New England
theologian Jonathan Edwards delivered the famous sermon "Sinners in the
Hands of an Angry God" at the height of the Great Awakening, a
religious revival movement that swept the colonies during the
mid-eighteenth century.
(HNQ, 8/5/98)
1741 A slave revolt in New York
caused considerable property damage but left people unharmed. Rumors of
a conspiracy among slaves and poor whites in New York City to seize
control led to a panic that resulted in the conviction of 101 blacks,
the hanging of 18 blacks and four whites, the burning alive of 13
blacks and the banishment from the city of 70. In 2005 Anne Farrow,
Joel Lang and Jennifer Frank authored “Complicity: The North Promoted,
Prolonged and Profited from Slavery,” which included a chapter on the
1941 NYC slave revolt.
(SFC, 12/18/96, p.A25)(HNQ, 6/10/98)(SSFC, 10/2/05,
p.F3)
1741 British troops briefly
occupied Cuba’s Guantanamo Bay while warring against Spanish trade
interests.
(SSFC, 1/20/02, p.A7)
1741 Don Blas de Lezo, a one-eyed,
one-handed, peg-legged castle defender, led the defense of Cartagena,
Colombia, against British Adm. Edward Vernon. Lezo was mortally wounded
in the battle.
(SSFC, 5/18/03, p.C13)
1741 In Sweden Anders Berch became
the first professor of economics in Uppsala.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R14)
1741-1801 Johann Kaspar Lavater, Swiss theologian: "I
am prejudiced in favor of him who, without impudence, can ask boldly.
He has faith in humanity, and faith in himself. No one who is not
accustomed to give grandly can ask nobly and with boldness."
(AP, 1/2/99)
1741-1825 (John) Henry Fuseli, English painter,
illustrator and essayist. He was born in Switzerland. His work included
The Nightmare (c.1790).
(WUD, 1994, p.576)(SFC, 10/31/96, p.E1)
1742 Jan 14, English astronomer
Edmond Halley, who observed the comet that now bears his name, died at
age 85. In 2005 Julie Wakefield authored “Halley’s Quest,” in which she
covered Halley’s travels to Brazil to map the Atlantic’s magnetic
declinations and hopefully solve the problem of calculating longitude.
(AP, 1/14/98)(WSJ, 12/20/05, p.D8)
1742 Jan 24, Charles VII was
crowned Holy Roman Emperor during the War of the Austrian Succession.
(AP, 1/24/07)
1742 Apr 13, George Frideric
Handel's "Messiah" was first performed publicly, in Dublin, Ireland.
(AP, 4/13/97)
1742 Apr 13, Giovanni Veneziano
(59), composer, died.
(MC, 4/13/02)
1742 May 11, Francesco Stradivari
(70), Italian violin maker, son of Antonius, died.
(MC, 5/11/02)
1742 May 17, Frederick great
(Emperor of Prussia) beat Austrians.
(MC, 5/17/02)
1742 May 28, 1st indoor swimming
pool opened at Goodman's Fields, London.
(MC, 5/28/02)
1742 Jun 17, William Hooper,
signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born.
(HN, 6/17/98)
1742 Jun 26, Arthur Middleton,
signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born.
(HN, 6/26/98)
1742 Jul 7, A Spanish force
invading Georgia ran headlong into the colony's British defenders. A
handful of British and Spanish colonial troops faced each other on a
Georgia coastal island and decided the fate of a colony.
(HN, 5/3/98)(HN, 7/7/99)
1742 Jul 11, Benjamin Franklin
invented his Franklin stove.
(MC, 7/11/02)
1742 Jul 11, A papal decree was
issued condemning the disciplining actions of the Jesuits in China.
(HN, 7/11/98)
1742 Aug 7, Nathanael Greene,
American Revolutionary War General, was born.
(MC, 8/7/02)
1742 Aug 29, Edmond Hoyle
(1672-1769) published his "Short Treatise" on the card game whist.
(MC, 8/29/01)
1742 Sep 24, The Faneuil Hall in
Boston opened to public.
(MC, 9/24/01)
1742 Oct 12, Johan Peter Melchior,
German sculptor, was born.
(MC, 10/12/01)
1742 Nov 12, The British warship
Centurion, commanded by Commodore George Anson, sailed into Macao with
a crew of some 200 sick with scurvy.
(ON, 4/01, p.7)
1742 Dec 1, Empress Elisabeth
ordered the expulsion of all Jews from Russia.
(MC, 12/1/01)
1742 Dec 9, Carl W. Scheele,
Swedish pharmacist and chemist (lemon acid), was born.
(MC, 12/9/01)
1742 Henry Fielding authored his
novel "Joseph Andrews." It dealt seriously with moral issues using a
comic approach and was later regarded as a milestone in English
literature.
(ON, 9/03, p.1)
1742 England's "Compleat
Housewife" cookbook was published in North America.
(SFC, 8/27/03, p.E4)
1742 Sir Robert Walpole resigned
from his duties as British prime minister in order to avoid impeachment.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Walpole)
1742 In Italy Giuseppe Guarneri,
aka Guarneri del Gesu, created the violin later dubbed "The Cannon" by
Paganini.
(SFEC, 10/24/99, DB p.36)
1742 General James Edward
Oglethorpe led a victory over the Spanish at Bloody Marsh on St. Simons
Island off the coast of Georgia.
(SFC, 4/28/96, p.T-7)
1742 Edmund Hoyle popularized the
card game later called bridge.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R34)
1742 Taylor-Wharton began
operations as an American colonial iron forge. In 1953 it was absorbed
into Harsco, an American engineering and industrial service company.
(Econ, 12/18/04, p.105)
1742 Russia’s Empress Elisaveta
Petrovna presented lands south of Pskov to the A.P. Gannibal
(1696-1781), an African who had been adopted by Peter the Great and
served Peter in various important capacities including spy and privy
councilor.
(http://gotorussia.vand.ru/19.phtml?gorod=19&id=11&num=235)(SSFC,
6/18/06, p.M3)
1742-1765 In Arabia Muhammad bin Saud Al Saud allied
with Wahhabists and expanded the family domain.
(Econ, 1/7/06, Survey p.6)
1742-1803 Thomas Jones, amateur British painter.
(SFC, 6/4/96, p.E5)
1742-1823 William Combe, English writer. He wrote
"The English Dance of Death" that discussed the vice of feasting.
(MT, 6/96, p.9)
1743 Jan 21, John Fitch, inventor
(had a working steamboat years before Fulton), was born.
(MC, 1/21/02)
1743 Feb 7, Lodovico Giustini
(57), composer, died.
(MC, 2/7/02)
1743 Feb 19, [Rodolfo] Luigi
Boccherini, Italian composer, cellist (Minuet), was born.
(MC, 2/19/02)
1743 Feb 23, Meyer Amschel
Rothschild, banker and founder of the Rothschild dynasty in Europe, was
born.
(HN, 2/23/98)
1743 Mar 14, The first recorded
town meeting in America was held, at Faneuil Hall in Boston.
(AP, 3/14/97)
1743 Mar 23, George Frideric
Handel's oratorio "Messiah" had its London premiere. During the
"Hallelujah Chorus," Britain's King George II, who was in attendance,
stood up — followed by the entire audience.
(AP, 3/23/08)
1743 Apr 13, Thomas Jefferson
(d.1826), the third president of the United States, was born in
present-day Albemarle County, Va. He called slavery cruel but included
25 slaves in his daughter’s dowry, took enslaved children to market and
had 10-year-old slaves working 12-hour days in his nail factory. He
stated that blacks were "in reason inferior" and "in imagination they
are dull, tasteless and anomalous. "Were it left to me to decide
whether we should have a government without newspapers, or newspapers
without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the
latter." "History, in general, only informs us what bad government is."
(AP, 4/13/97)(SFC,12/897, p.A27)(AP, 4/13/98)
1743 Apr 24, Edmund Cartwright,
inventor of the power loom, was born.
(HN, 4/24/98)
1743 May 20, [Francois D]
Toussaint L'Ouverture, leader (Haiti), was born.
(MC, 5/20/02)
1743 May 24, Jean-Paul Marat,
French revolutionist, was born. He advocated extreme violence and was
assassinated in his own bath.
(HN, 5/24/99)
1743 Jun 8, Alessandro Cagliostro,
adventurer, was born in Palermo, Italy.
(MC, 6/8/02)
1743 Jun 20, The British warship
Centurion under Commodore George Anson engaged and overcame the Spanish
treasure galleon, Nuestra Senora de Covadonga, near the Philippines. 58
Spaniards were killed and 83 wounded. Anson captured over 1 million
Spanish silver dollars and 500 pounds of native silver.
(ON, 4/01, p.7)
1743 Jun 27, King George of the
English defeated the French at Dettingen, Bavaria. English armies were
victorious over the French at Dettingen. This event was celebrated by
Handel in his composition "Dettingen Te Deum."
(BLW, Geiringer, 1963 ed. p. 317)(HN, 6/27/98)
1743 Aug 17, By the Treaty of Abo,
Sweden ceded southeast Finland to Russia, ending Sweden's failed war
with Russia.
(HN, 8/17/98)
1743 Aug 19, Marie Jeanne Becu
Comtesse du Barry (d.1793), last mistress of Louis XV, was born.
(MC, 8/19/02)
1743 Aug 26, Antoine Laurent
Lavoisier, the father of modern chemistry, was born. He discovered
"dephlogisticated air" which he called oxygen and was executed by the
revolution in 1794.
(HN, 8/26/99)(RTH, 8/26/99)
1743 Sep 17, Marquis Marie Jean de
Condorcet (d.1794), French mathematician and philosopher, a leading
thinker in the Enlightenment, was born.
(HN, 9/17/98)(WSJ, 6/22/99, p.A22)
1743 Dec 6, Franz Nikolaus
Novotny, composer, was born.
(MC, 12/6/01)
1743 Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
painted "The Triumph of Flora."
(SFEC, 6/7/98, Z1 p.2)
1743 Joseph Nicolas Pancrace Royer
created the opera-ballet: "Le Pouvoir de l’Amour." Royer was later
remembered for his harpsichord works.
(WSJ, 3/12/02, p.A24)
1743 Benjamin Franklin and John
Bartram founded the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia as
an American counterpart to the British Royal Society.
(WSJ, 4/25/09,
p.W3)(www.amphilsoc.org/library/exhibits/nature/stork.htm)
1743 "Kitchup" was declared a
kitchen staple in a British housekeeper's guide. Fish, mushroom and
walnut emerged as the 3 main ketchups.
(SFC, 8/27/03, p.A1)
1743 Gen’l. James Oglethorpe of
England departed Georgia following some small scandal.
(SFEC,11/30/97, p.T4)
1743 Huguenots in Spitalfields,
England, who had fled persecution in France as Calvinists, built their
Nueve Eglise place of worship at Fournier Street and Brick Lane. Their
community lasted until 1809. The church was later inherited by
Methodists, followed by Jews and then Bangladesh Muslims.
(Econ, 12/20/03, p.85)
1743 The Frauenkirche was built in
Dresden, Germany. It was destroyed by allied bombs in 1945, but plans
for rebuilding were scheduled for completion by 2006, the 800th
birthday of Dresden. A reconstructed version was consecrated in 2005.
(SFEC, 7/27/97, p.T6)(SSFC, 10/30/05, p.A16)
1743 British Commodore George
Anson reached China in his man-of-war.
(WSJ, 9/4/98, p.W12)
1743 In France Louis XV
commissioned an elevator installed at Versailles to link his apartment
to that of his mistress.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R14)(SFC, 8/23/08, p.F4)
1743 French champagne maker Moet
was founded.
(Econ, 3/6/04, Survey p.6)
1743 In Mexico La Cathedral de
Nuestra Senora de la Asuncion in Veracruz was dedicated.
(SFEC, 5/17/98, p.T12)
1743-1826 Thomas Jefferson was born in Virginia.
Jefferson had his slave Sally Hemings as his lover for 38 years. He
wrote the Northwest Ordnance that outlawed the spread of slavery into
the trans-Appalachian territories.
(V.D.-H.K.p.224)(WSJ, 2/11/97, p.A18)
1744 Feb 9, Battle at Toulon:
French-Spanish faced the English fleet of Adm. Matthews.
(MC, 2/9/02)
1744 Feb 15, John Hadley, inventor
(sextant), died.
(MC, 2/15/02)
1744 Feb 21, The British blockade
of Toulon was broken by 27 French and Spanish warships attacking 29
British ships.
(HN, 2/21/98)
1744 Mar 13, David Allan, Scottish
painter, was born.
(MC, 3/13/02)
1744 Apr 4, Sarah Inglish was
arrested and convicted at the Old Bailey for stealing a cloak, three
linen aprons and about 7 yards of cloth from a home where she was
babysitting. She was sentenced to transport for a term of 7 years.
(SFEC, 10/27/96, p.T9)
1744 May 11, In Britain Elizabeth
Robinson of Middlesex and 2 other women were tried and convicted at the
Old Bailey on charges of stealing 104 imported China oranges from a
grocer’s warehouse with the intent to sell them. She was sentenced to
transport for a term of 7 years. She was pregnant and gave birth on
ship.
(SFEC, 10/27/96, p.T9)
1744 May, Jack Campbell, captain
of the Justicia, transported convicted British criminals to the US and
sold them as indentured servants.
(SFEC, 10/27/96, p.T10)
1744 Jun 15, The warship Centurion
under British Commodore George Anson returned to England with a
treasure valued at £800,000. In 1748 Anson authored "A voyage
Around the World."
(WSJ, 9/4/98, p.W12)
1744 Aug 1,
Jean-Baptiste-Pierre-Antoine Monnet de Lamarck, French zoologist, was
born.
(MC, 8/1/02)
1744 Aug 25, Johann G. von Herder,
German philosopher, theologist, poet, was born.
(MC, 8/25/02)
1744 Oct 4, The HMS Victory sank
in the English Channel with at least 900 men aboard. The 175-foot
sailing ship had separated from its fleet during a storm. In 2009
Odyssey Marine Exploration reported finding the vessel about 330 feet
beneath the surface and more than 50 miles from where anybody would
have thought it went down.
(AP, 2/1/09)
1744 Nov 11, Abigail Smith Adams,
2nd 1st lady (1797-1801), was born.
(MC, 11/11/01)
1744 Nov 25, Austrian forces
pillaged and killed Jews of Prague.
(MC, 11/25/01)
1744 Handel composed his opera
"Semele" based on Ovid’s account of one of Jupiter’s tangled love
affairs.
(WSJ, 12/21/00, p.A16)
1744 Rules for cricket set the
wicket to wicket pitch at 22 yards. The 1727 Articles of Agreement had
set the distance at 23 yards.
(www.sca.org.au/laurels/cricket.htm)
1744 The Iroquois sachem (chief)
Cannasatego advised the American colonists to from a union like that of
the Iroquois. Benjamin Franklin acknowledged the admonition in 1751 and
applied it in his Albany Plan of 1754.
(WSJ, 4/10/97, p.A15)
1744 The title Lordship of
Wimbledon was bestowed to the Spencer family of Britain.
(WP, 6/29/96, p.F3)
1744 This was the era of London’s
gin fever.
(SFEC, 10/27/96, p.T9)
1744 Fort Richelieu was built in
Sete on the French Mediterranean coast of the Languedoc region.
(SSFC, 6/17/01, p.T10)
1744 The Royal Porcelain
Manufactory of Vienna began to use an upside down shield, resembling a
beehive, as its emblem. Royal Vienna porcelain was made until 1864.
(SFEC, 10/9/96, Z1 p.8)(SFC, 10/17/07, p.G2)
1744 In Arabia Muhammad Ibn Saud,
local ruler of Ad-Dar'ia forged a political and family alliance with
Muslim scholar and reformer Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab. Abdul Aziz, the
son of Ibn Saud, married the daughter of Imam Muhammad.
(NW, 11/26/01, p.SAS)
1744-1812 Mayer Rothschild, banker, rose from a
ghetto in Frankfurt to become the banker to Prince William of Prussia.
His son, Nathan Rothschild, worked in London as a banker and invested
Prussian money in the Napoleonic Wars and smuggled it to Wellington in
Spain. His 4 other sons established banks in Vienna, Naples and Paris.
(WSJ, 1/11/98, p.R18)
1744-1818 Abigail Adams, American first lady, writer
of letters and wife of John Adams: "These are times in which a genius
would wish to live. It is not in the still calm of life, or the repose
of a pacific station, that great characters are formed.... Great
necessities call out great virtues."
(AHD, 1971, p.14)(AP, 6/29/97)
1744-1840 Caspar David Friedrich, romantic painter.
His work included "Coffin on a Grave."
(SFC, 11/16/98, p.E3)
1745 Jan 7, Jacques Etienne
Montgolfier (d.1799), French inventor, was born. He and his brother,
Joseph (1740-1810), launched the first successful hot-air balloon in
1783.
(HN, 1/7/99)(WUD, 1994 p.928)
1745 Jan 8, England, Austria,
Saxony and the Netherlands formed an alliance against Russia.
(HN, 1/8/99)
1745 Jan, Handel’s oratorio
"Hercules," written in 1744, premiered at the King’s Theater in London.
The libretto was based on writings by Sophocles and Ovid.
(WSJ, 2/22/06, p.D12)(http://tinyurl.com/gdt6w)
1745 Feb 15, Colley Cibber's
"Papal Tyranny," premiered in London.
(MC, 2/15/02)
1745 Feb 18, Count Alessandro
Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (d.1827), Italian physicist, inventor
(battery), was born.
(AHD, 1971
p.1436)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Volta)
1745 Feb 18, Bonnie Prince
Charlie's troops occupied Inverness, Scotland.
(MC, 2/18/02)
1745 Feb 20, Johann Peter Salomon,
composer, was born.
(MC, 2/20/02)
1745 Feb 20, Bonnie Prince
Charlie's troops occupied Fort August, Scotland.
(MC, 2/20/02)
1745 Mar 9, Bells for 1st American
carillon were shipped from England to Boston.
(MC, 3/9/02)
1745 Mar 18, Robert Walpole (68),
1st British premier (1721-42), died. In 2007 Edward Pearce authored
“The Great Man – Sir Robert Walpole: Scoundrel, Genius and Britain’s
First Prime Minister.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Walpole)(Econ,
2/10/07, p.89)
1745 Mar 31, Jews were expelled
from Prague.
(MC, 3/31/02)
1745 Apr 20, Philippe Pinel
(d.1826), French physician and founder of psychiatry, was born.
(WUD, 1994, p.)(HN, 4/20/98)
1745 Apr 22, Peace of Fussen was
signed, restoring the status quo of Germany.
(HN, 4/22/98)
1745 Apr 29, Oliver Ellsworth,
third Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, was born.
(HN, 4/29/98)
1745 May 9, Tomaso Antonio Vitali
(82), composer, died.
(MC, 5/9/02)
1745 May 11, French forces
defeated an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army at Fontenoy.
(HN, 5/11/98)
1745 Jun 4, Frederick the Great of
Prussia defeated the Austrians & Saxons.
(MC, 6/4/02)
1745 Jun 16, English fleet
occupied Cape Breton on St. Lawrence River.
(MC, 6/16/02)
1745 Jun 17, American New
Englanders captured Louisburg, Cape Breton, from the French. The ragtag
army captured France's most imposing North American stronghold on Cape
Breton Island in Nova Scotia.
(HN, 5/17/98)(WSJ, 10/5/99, p.A24)(MC, 6/17/02)
1745 Jul 23, Charles Stuart
(1720-1788), the Younger, and 7 companions landed at Eriskay Island, in
the Hebrides.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart)
1745 Aug 16, Skirmish at Laggan:
Glengarry beat the Royal Scots.
(MC, 8/16/02)
1745 Aug 20, Bonnie Prince Charlie
reached Blair Castle, Scotland.
(MC, 8/20/02)
1745 Sep 17, Edinburgh was
occupied by Jacobites under Young Pretenders.
(MC, 9/17/01)
1745 Sep 21, A Scottish Jacobite
army commanded by Lord George Murray routed the Royalist army of
General Sir John Cope at Prestonpans.
(HN, 9/21/98)
1745 Sep 22, Bonnie Prince
Charlie's army returned to Edinburgh.
(MC, 9/22/01)
1745 Sep 28, Bonnie Prince Charlie
became "king" of Scotland.
(MC, 9/28/01)
1745 Oct 19, Jonathan Swift
(b.1667), Irish born clergyman and English writer (Gulliver's Travels),
died. In 1963 Prof. Edward Rosenheim (1918-2005) authored “Swift and
the Satirist’s Art.” In 1999 Victoria Glendinning published the
biography: "Jonathan Swift: A Portrait."
(WUD, 1994, p.1437)(SFEC, 8/1/99, BR p.8)(SFC,
12/1/05, p.B7)
1745 Nov 11, Bonnie Prince
Charlie's army entered England.
(MC, 11/11/01)
1745 Nov 18, Bonnie Prince
Charlie's troops occupied Carlisle. [see Nov 29]
(MC, 11/18/01)
1745 Nov 28-29, French troops
attacked Indians at Saratoga, NY.
(MC, 11/28/01)
1745 Nov 29, Bonnie Prince
Charlie's army moved into Manchester and occupied Carlisle.
(MC, 11/29/01)
1745 Dec 4, Bonnie Prince Charles
reached Derby.
(MC, 12/4/01)
1745 Dec 6, Bonnie Prince
Charlie's army retreated to Scotland.
(MC, 12/6/01)
1745 Dec 12, John Jay, first Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court, was born. He became a diplomat and
governor of NY, served as the first Supreme Court Head Justice, and
negotiated treaties for the United States
(HN, 12/12/98)(MC, 12/12/01)
1745 Dec 17, Bonnie Prince
Charlie's army retreated to Scotland. [see Dec 6]
(MC, 12/17/01)
1745 Dec 20, Bonnie Prince
Charlie's army met de Esk.
(MC, 12/20/01)
1745 Dec 22, Jan Dismas Zelenka
(66), composer, died.
(MC, 12/22/01)
1745 Dec 24, Benjamin Rush,
American medical pioneer and signer of the Declaration of Independence,
was born in Byberry, Pa.
(HN, 12/24/98)(MC, 12/24/01)
1745 Dec 25, Prussia and Austria
signed the Treaty of Dresden. This gave much of Silesia to the
Prussians.
(MC, 12/25/01)
1745 Dec 31, Bonnie Prince
Charlie's army met with de Esk.
(MC, 12/31/01)
1745 Schneur Zalman Boruchovitch
of Liadi (d.1813), founder of the Jewish Chabad-Lubavitch Chassidic
Movement, was born. He labored for 20 years to complete the Tanya
before it was printed in 1796. In 1814, the Rav’s Shulchan Aruch fast
became regarded by all scholars of Jewish law as a major source and
reference guide in the study and application of Jewish law. In 2003 Sue
Fishkoff authored "The Rebbe's Army," a study of the sect.
(Internet, 7/18/03)(WSJ, 7/18/03, p.W17c)
1745 William Hogarth made his
print series "Marriage A-la-Mode" in which he made fun of the new
social mobility.
(SFC, 1/28/98, p.E1)
1745 Jean-Philippe Rameau wrote
the lyric comedy "Platee." It was an amalgam of song, dance and
spectacle based on a simple plot where Jupiter tries to cure Juno of
her jealousy. It was a parody of late-Baroque opera. It was staged on
the occasion of the Dauphin Louis’ marriage to Princess Maria Teresa of
Spain. It was about a lovesick frog.
(WSJ, 10/1/97, p.A20)(SFC, 1/20/98, p.E1)(SFEM,
6/7/98, p.8)(WSJ, 6/16/98, p.A17)(WSJ, 10/30/01, p.A21)
1745 Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte
de Buffon, suggested that another body such as a giant comet had hit
the sun, knocking from it the spinning gas and matter that became the
planets.
(DD-EVTT, p.100)
1745 In France the renowned
Champagne house of Moët & Chandon was established in the city
of Epernay.
(SFEC,12/28/97, p.A12)
1745 During the Jacobite uprising
some prisoners captured by the Jacobites were kept at Doune Castle,
Scotland. These included John Witherspoon, who later moved to the
American colonies, became president of Princeton, a delegate to the
Continental Congress and a signer of the American Declaration of
Independence.
(SSFC, 11/23/03, p.C6)
1745-1796 Anthony Wayne, American General in the
Revolutionary War, also known as Mad Anthony Wayne. [The HFA says he
attacked Stony Point in 1799]
(HFA, '96, p.34)(AHD, 1971, p.1450)
1745-c1806 Kim Hong-do, Korean artist, created genre
paintings.
(WSJ, 8/10/98, p.A12)
1745-1829 John Jay, US statesman and jurist. He
served as the governor of New York and was the first chief justice of
the US Supreme Court (1789-1795).
(WUD, 1994, p.764)(WSJ, 8/7/98, p.W13)
1745-1833 Hannah More, English religious writer:
"The world does not require so much to be informed as reminded."
"Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes
off the goal."
(AP, 4/28/97)(AP, 9/9/97)
1746 Jan 8, Bonnie Prince
Charlie's troops occupied Stirling. [see Jan 19]
(MC, 1/8/02)
1746 Jan 17, Charles Edward
Stuart, the young pretender, defeated the government forces at the
battle of Falkirk in Scotland.
(HN, 1/17/99)
1746 Jan 19, Bonnie Prince
Charlie's troops occupied Stirling. [see Jan 8]
(MC, 1/19/02)
1746 Jan 24, Gustav III, king
during Swedish Enlightenment (1771-92), was born.
(MC, 1/24/02)
1746 Feb 20, Bonnie Prince Charlie
occupied the Castle of Inverness. [see Mar 3]
(MC, 2/20/02)
1746 Feb 27, Gian Francesco
Fortunati, composer, was born.
(MC, 2/27/02)
1746 Mar 3, Bonnie Prince Charlie
occupied the Castle of Inverness. [see Feb 20]
(SC, 3/3/02)
1746 Mar 5, Jacobin troops left
Aberdeen, Scotland.
(MC, 3/5/02)
1746 Mar 8, Cumberland's troops
occupied Aberdeen, Scotland.
(MC, 3/8/02)
1746 Mar 27, Carlo Bonaparte,
Corsican attorney, father of emperor Napoleon, was born.
(MC, 3/27/02)
1746 Apr 16, Bonnie Prince Charles
was defeated at the battle of Culloden, the last pitched battle fought
in Britain. King George II won the battle of Culloden. Bonnie Prince
Charlie used English rifleman and virtually annihilated the
sword-wielding, rebellious, Highlander clans of Scotland at Culloden.
It was the last major land battle fought on British soil. The Battle of
Culloden was a crushing defeat for Bonnie Prince Charlie and the
Highlander clans that backed him.
(PCh, 1992, p.297)(SFC, 6/25/95, p.T-7)(SFC,
12/4/96, p.B1)(SFEC,12/797, p.T4)(HN, 4/16/99)
1746 Jul 28, Thomas Heyward,
soldier, signed Declaration of Independence, was born.
(SC, 7/28/02)
1746 Jul 28, John Peter Zenger,
journalist involved in 1st amendment fight, died.
(SC, 7/28/02)
1746 Jun 29, Bonnie Prince Charlie
fled in disguise to Isle of Skye.
(PC, 1992, p.297)
1746 Sep 20, Bonnie Prince Charlie
fled to France from Scotland. [see Oct 1]
(MC, 9/20/01)
1746 Sep 21, A French
expeditionary army occupied Labourdonnais. Colonial governor Joseph
Francois Dupleix occupied Madras.
(PCh, 1992, p.298)(MC, 9/21/01)
1746 Oct 1, Bonnie Prince Charlie
fled to France. [see Sep 20]
(MC, 10/1/01)
1746 Oct 7, William Billings, hymn
composer (Rose of Sharon), was born in Boston, Mass.
(HN, 10/7/00)(MC, 10/7/01)
1746 Oct 22, Princeton University
in New Jersey received its charter as the College of New Jersey. The
Univ. later established a reputation for its spring ritual of
sophomores running naked at midnight after the first snowfall.
(SFEC, 3/22/98, p.A23)(AP, 10/22/08)
1746 Oct 28, The Peruvian cities
of Lima and Callao were demolished by an earthquake. 18,000 died.
(MC, 10/28/01)
1746 Tadeusz Kosciusko (d1817),
Polish patriot and general in the American Revolutionary army, was born
in Lithuania. [see Feb 4, 1747]
(WUD, 1994 p.794)
1746 Francisco Jose de Goya y
Lucientes (d.1828), Spanish painter, was born.
(WSJ, 11/3/95, p.A-12)(WSJ, 4/16/99, p.W2)
1746 Tiepolo painted his "Saint
Catherine of Siena."
(WSJ, 1/23/97, p.A12)
1746 Parisian book publisher Andre
Francois Le Breton hired Denis Diderot (32) to work on a project called
the Encyclopedie. The plan was to produce a French translation of
Ephraim Chamber’s 1728 Cyclopedia. In 1747 he named Diderot co-editor
with Jean D’Alembert.
(ON, 4/05, p.8)(WSJ, 6/29/05, p.D8)
1746 The American Presbyterian
College of New Jersey was founded.
(HNQ, 7/6/99)
1746 The first lectures on
electricity in the American colonies were given by John Winthrop IV at
Harvard in 1746. Winthrop, born in 1714, was the professor of
mathematics and natural philosophy at Harvard. Benjamin Franklin began
his experiments in electricity in 1747.
(HNQ, 7/8/98)
1746 The solitaire of Reunion, a
flightless pigeon, was gone by this year.
(NH, 11/96, p.24)
1746 A consortium of London
publishers offered Samuel Johnson (36) a modest sum to compose a
dictionary of the English Language. He promised to do the job in 3
years, but didn’t finish the 1st edition until 1755.
(WSJ, 10/12/05, p.D13)
1746 Nicholas de Largilliere
(b.1656), French painter, died.
(WSJ, 10/30/03, p.D10)
1746 Elisha Nims (26) died from a
musket ball at Fort Massachusetts during the French and Indian War. His
grave was discovered in 1852 and his last remains were reburied in 2000.
(SFC, 11/11/00, p.A13)
1746 William, the Duke of
Cumberland, led an English military force into Scotland to defeat the
rebels there.
(SFC, 10/14/00, p.B3)
1746-1818 Gaspard Monge, Comte de Peluse, French
mathematician. He served with Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier on the
revolutionary commission to devise the metric system.
(WUD, 1994, p.924)(NH, 12/98, p.24)
1746-1828 Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientes, Spanish
painter. 128 of his paintings are at the Prado in Madrid, Spain. Among
these are: "La Maja Desnuda," "La Maja Vestida," "El Dos de Mayo," "El
Tres de Mayo," "The Witches Sabboth," "Saturn eating one of his
children," "La Quinta del Sordo" (House of the Deaf Man) murals
(1820-1823) that he applied to the walls of his Madrid rooms. Known as
El Rapidisimo, he painted more than 600 works. Other works include:
"Los Caprichos," "Disasters of War," "Family of Charles IV," "Boys
Climbing a Tree," "The Kite," "The Injured Workman," "The Drunken
Workman," "The Wedding," "The Duchess of Alba" and "Pinturas Negras."
Goya spent his last years in France.
(WSJ, 5/20/96, p.A-12)(AAP, 1964)(WUD, 1994,
p.612)(WSJ, 5/4/99, p.A20)
1747 Feb 4, Tadeusz Kosciusko,
patriot, American Revolution hero (built West Point), was born in
Poland. [see 1746]
(MC, 2/4/02)
1747 Mar 4, Casimir Pulaski
(d.1779), Count, American Revolutionary War General, was born in
Poland. Pulaski led troops in some of the bloodiest fighting of the
Revolutionary War.
(HN, 3/4/98)(SC, 3/4/02)
1747 Mar 31, Johann Abraham Peter
Schulz, German composer (Moon has Risen), was born.
(MC, 3/31/02)
1747 Apr 9, Simon Fraser, 12th
baron Lovat (Jacobite), became the last man to be officially beheaded
in England.
(MC, 4/9/02)
1747 Jun 19, Alessandro Marcello
(77), composer, died.
(MC, 6/19/02)
1747 Jul 2, Marshall Saxe led the
French forces to victory over an Anglo-Dutch force under the Duke of
Cumberland at the Battle of Lauffeld.
(HN, 7/2/98)
1747 Jul 6, John Paul Jones, naval
hero of the American Revolution, was born near Kirkcudbright, Scotland.
As a US naval commander he invaded England during the American War of
Independence.
(HN, 7/6/98)(MC, 7/6/02)
1747 Jul 9, Giovanni Battista
Bononcini (76), Italian opera-composer, died.
(MC, 7/9/02)
1747 Jul 10, Persian ruler Nadir
Shah was assassinated at Fathabad in Persia. The Afghans rise rose
again in revolt under the leadership of Ahmad Shah Abdali and retook
Kandahar to establish modern Afghanistan.
(www.afghan, 5/25/98)(HN, 7/10/98)
1747 Jul 30, Antonio Benedetto
Maria Puccini, composer, was born.
(MC, 7/30/02)
1747 Sep 16, The French captured
Bergen-op-Zoom, consolidating their occupation of Austrian Flanders in
the Netherlands.
(HN, 9/16/98)
1747 Dec 9, England and
Netherlands signed a military treaty.
(MC, 12/9/01)
1747 Mark Catesby, English
naturalist, used his 220 watercolors for etchings in his work on the
flora and fauna of North America. The paintings were purchased by
George III in 1768 and preserved in the Royal Library. In 1997 they
were reproduced in the book: "Mark Catesby’s Natural History of
America: Watercolors from the Royal Library, Windsor Castle" by
Henrietta McBurney.
(NH, 6/97, p.12)
1747 Thomas Gray wrote: "Where
ignorance is bliss, tis folly to be wise."
(SFC, 4/22/00, p.E3)
1747 Samuel Foote, an out of work
actor, established himself as the first stand-up comedian.
(SFC, 4/22/00, p.E3)
1747 A Scottish chemist found out
that beets contained sugar.
(SFC, 4/22/00, p.E3)
1747 Nadir Shah (head of Persia)
was assassinated, and the Afghans rose once again. Afghans, under the
leadership of Ahmad Shah Abdali (Durrani) retook Kandahar, and
established modern Afghanistan.
(NG, 10/1993, p. 66)(www.afghan,
5/25/98)
1747 Ahmad Shah Abdali (d.1773)
consolidated and enlarged Afghanistan. He defeated the Moghuls in the
west of the Indus, and he took Herat away from the Persians. Ahmad Shah
Durrani's empire extended from Central Asia to Delhi, from Kashmir to
the Arabian sea. It became the greatest Muslim empire in the second
half of the 18th century.
(www.afghan, 5/25/98)
1747 In Britain a tax was imposed
on carriages.
(SFC, 4/22/00, p.E3)
1747 Parisian book publisher Andre
Francois Le Breton, producer of the Encyclopedie, named Denis Diderot
co-editor with Jean D’Alembert. In 2005 Philipp Blom authored
“Enlightening the World,” an account of the project.
(WSJ, 6/29/05, p.D8)
c1747 In Germany man-made dykes
were built in the Oderbruch region north of Frankfurt an der Oder
around land that was drained and cleared for farming. The dykes faced
disaster in 1997 during heavy July rains.
(SFC, 7/26/97, p.A12)
1747 Carlo Bergonzi, the last of
the great Cremonese violin makers, died.
(Econ, 7/30/05, p.78)
1747 The Iglesia de Nuestra Senora
de la Paz was built in Todos Santos on the southern Baja peninsula.
(SSFC, 11/4/01, p.T12)
1747-1830 Madame Dorothee Deluzy, French actress: "We
believe at once in evil, we only believe in good upon reflection. Is
this not sad?"
(AP, 9/21/00)
1747-1838 Lorenzo Da Ponte, wrote the libretto for
Mozart’s Don Giovanni.
(V.D.-H.K.p.232)
1747-1773 Rule of Ahmad Shah Abdali (Durrani). Ahmad
Shah consolidated and enlarged Afghanistan. He defeated the Moghuls in
the west of the Indus, and he takes Herat away from the Persians. Ahmad
Shah Durrani's empire extended from Central Asia to Delhi, from Kashmir
to the Arabian sea. It became the greatest Muslim empire in the second
half of the 18th century.
(www.afghan, 5/25/98)
1748 Feb 5, Christian Gottlob
Neefe, German composer, conductor, tutor of Beethoven, was born.
(MC, 2/5/02)
1748 Feb 15, Jeremy Bentham
(d.1832), philosopher, originator (Utilitarian), was born in London,
England.
(www.britannica.com)
1748 Mar 10, John Playfair,
clergyman, geologist, mathematician, was born in Scotland.
(MC, 3/10/02)
1748 Mar 19, English
Naturalization Act was passed granting Jews right to colonize US.
(MC, 3/19/02)
1748 Apr 1, The ruins of
Pompeii were found. The city of Pompeii, buried in 79AD, was discovered.
(SFEC, 4/12/98, p.T3)(OTD)
1748 Apr 12, William Kent, English
sculptor, architect (Kensington Palace), died.
(MC, 4/12/02)
1748 Apr 28, Lorenz Justinian Ott,
composer, was born.
(MC, 4/28/02)
1748 Jun 28, A riot followed a
public execution in Amsterdam and over 200 were killed.
(MC, 6/28/02)
1748 Aug 15, United Lutheran
Church of US was organized.
(MC, 8/15/02)
1748 Aug 30, Jacques-Louis David
(d.1825), Neo-classical painter (Death of Marat), was born. He painted
"Madame Hamelin." He also painted a portrait of Napoleon crossing the
St. Bernard Pass on a rearing horse. Jean Ingres began his career as a
pupil of David.
(AAP, 1964)(WUD, 1994, p.369)(WSJ, 5/19/97,
p.A16)(WSJ, 5/28/99, p.W12)(MC, 8/30/01)
1748 Sep 24, Philipp Meissner,
composer, was born.
(MC, 9/24/01)
1748 Oct 18, The Treaty of
Aix-la-Chapelle brought the war of Austrian Succession, which began in
1840, to an end and upheld the Pragmatic Sanction.
(HNQ, 7/29/99)(MC, 10/18/01)
1748 Nov 1, Christoph Rheineck,
composer, was born.
(MC, 11/1/01)
1748 Robert Feke, American
painter, created his portrait of "Mrs. Charles Apthorp."
(SFC, 2/28/01, p.E3)
1748 Samuel Richardson wrote his
novel "Clarissa." In 1976 Robin Holloway composed a 2-act opera based
on the novel that was premiered in 1990 by the English National Opera.
(SFEC, 12/6/98, DB p.35)
1748 British Commodore George
Anson published an account of his trip to China.
(WSJ, 9/4/98, p.W12)
1748 Handel composed his oratorio
"Solomon."
(SFEC, 9/6/98, DB p.11)
1748 Lord Fairfax, Virginia land
owner, commissioned a survey of the Patterson Creek Manor, which later
became part of West Virginia. The surveyor was accompanied by the
nephew of Lord Fairfax and the nephew’s best friend, George Washington
(16). The survey was unusually erroneous.
(WSJ, 4/21/06, p.R8)
1748 In Denmark the Royal Theater
was inaugurated.
(SFEC, 11/1/98, p.T3)
1748 Henri Francois d’Aguesseau,
chancellor of France, granted an official license for the new
Encyclopedie following a presentation by Denis Diderot.
(ON, 4/05, p.8)
1748 French police started a file
on Voltaire (1694-1778).
(www.online-literature.com/voltaire/)
1748 The city of Pompeii, buried
in 79AD, was discovered.
(SFEC, 4/12/98, p.T3)
1748-1758 Santa Prisca church in Taxco, Mexico, was
built by the wealthy miner Jose de la Borda. It has twin towers of pink
stone and an adjacent tiled dome.
(SFEC, 11/10/96, p.T6)
1748-1813 Alexander Fraser Tytler. He wrote "The
Decline and Fall of the Athenian Republic." He stated that democracy
collapses when voters begin selecting candidates who promise the most
financial benefits.
(SFEC, 10/25/98, p.D6)
1748-1828 Henry Livingston, poet. He is alleged to
have written "A Visit from St. Nicholas" better known as "The Night
Before Christmas." [see 12/23/1823]
(AH, 4/01, p.12)
1748-1979 In Chile the Cathedral of Santiago was
built. The current structure replaced three earlier ones destroyed by
fires or earthquakes.
(SFEC, 10/27/96, p.T8)
1749 Jan 16, Vittorio Alfieri
(d.1803), Italian dramatist and tragic poet famous for Cleopatra and
Parigi Shastigliata, was born. "Often the test of courage is not to die
but to live."
(HN, 1/16/99)
1749 Jan 19, Isaiah Thomas, US
printer, editor, publisher, historian, was born.
(MC, 1/19/02)
1749 Feb 7, Andre Cardinal
Destouches (76), composer, died.
(MC, 2/7/02)
1749 Feb 8, Jan van Huysum (66),
Dutch still life painter, died.
(MC, 2/8/02)
1749 Feb 28, The 1st edition of
"The History of Tom Jones: A foundling" was published. Henry Fielding
(1707-1754) wrote the book and a film based on the novel was made in
1963. A TV production premiered in 1998.
(SFEM, 11/24/96, p.59)(SFC, 4/2/98, p.E1)(MC,
2/28/02)(ON, 9/03, p.9)
1749 Mar 23, Hugo Franz Karl
Alexander von Kerpen, composer, was born.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1749 Mar 23, Pierre-Simon Laplace
(d.1827), French mathematician, astronomer, physicist, was born.
(WSJ, 2/19/98,
p.A20)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace)
1749 Mar, Jean Godin, French
geographer, left Quito, part of the Viceroyalty of Peru (later
Ecuador), in an attempt to reach France to settle his family estate. He
traveled by an eastern route across South America and became stranded
in French Guiana for over 20 years. In 2004 Robert Whitaker authored
“The Mapmaker’s Wife: A True Tale of Love, Murder, and Survival in the
Amazon.” It was an account of Jean Godin (d.1792), French mapmaker, and
his wife, Isabel Godin. They managed to reunite in 1770.
(Econ, 5/15/04, p.81)(ON, 5/05, p.4)
1749 May 19, George II granted a
charter to the Ohio Company to settle Ohio Valley.
(DT internet 5/19/97)
1749 May 17, Edward Jenner,
physician, discoverer of vaccination, was born.
(HN, 5/17/98)
1749 Jun 19, Jean-Marie Collot
d'Herbois, French revolutionary (Committee of Public Safety), was born.
(MC, 6/19/02)
1749 Jul 20, Earl of Chesterfield
said: "Idleness is only refuge of weak minds."
(MC, 7/20/02)
1749 Jul 24, Denis Diderot was
arrested in Paris during a government crackdown on writers and
publishers of subversive books. He was released Nov 3 to continued his
work on the Encyclopedie.
(ON, 4/05, p.8)
1749 Aug 28, German author Johann
Wolfgang von Goethe (d.1832), "the master spirit of the German people,"
was born at Frankfurt am Main. Scientist, philosopher, novelist, and
critic as well as lyric, dramatic, and epic poet, he was the leading
figure of his age after Napoleon. He had early pretensions in the
visual arts and was an avid draftsman into old age. He is best known
for "Faust." : "True excellence is rarely found, even more rarely is it
cherished."
(V.D.-H.K.p.239)(AP, 8/28/97)(WSJ, 7/16/98,
p.A16)(HN, 8/28/98) (AP, 9/4/98)
1749 Sep 10, Emilie du Chatelet
(b.1706), writer and mathematician, died from an infection that
followed a pregnancy. Her work included a translation of Newton’s
Principia from Latin to French. She met Voltaire in 1733 and they soon
began living together. In 1957 Nancy Mitford authored “Voltaire in
Love.” In 2006 David Bodanis authored “Passionate Minds: The Great
Enlightenment Love Affair” and Judith P. Zinsser authored “La Dame
d’Esprit.”
(www.math.wichita.edu/history/women/chatelet.html)(WSJ, 12/9/06, p.P12)
1749 Oct 26, The Georgia Colony
reversed itself and ruled slavery to be legal.
(MC, 10/26/01)
1749 Nov 2, The English Ohio Trade
Company formed its 1st trade post.
(MC, 11/2/01)
1749 Nov 23, Edward Rutledge,
(Gov-SC), attorney and signer of Declaration of Independence, was born.
(MC, 11/23/01)
1749 Nov 27, Balthasar Schmid
(44), composer, died.
(MC, 11/27/01)
1749 Nov 27, Gottfried Heinrich
Stolzel (59), composer, died.
(MC, 11/27/01)
1749 Giovanni Battista Piranesi
began his painting "The Gothic Arch.’
(WSJ, 4/28/00, p.W8)
1749 King George commissioned
Handel’s "Music for the Royal Fireworks" to highlight the end of the
War of the Austrian Succession.
(WSJ, 6/25/97, p.A20)
1749 Rameau’s composition
"Zoroastre," a lyric tragedy, was first performed in Paris. It did not
do well and the composer reworked it with his librettist, Louis de
Cahusac, for a Les Arts performance in 1756.
(WSJ, 4/13/98, p.A20)
1749 Henry Fielding, novelist and
magistrate, commissioned a half dozen constables known as the Bow
Street Runners. The runners vanished in 1829 with the creation of the
Metropolitan Police, who established their headquarters at Scotland
Yard.
(SFC, 7/14/06, p.A2)
1749-1803 Vittorio Alfieri, Italian dramatist.
"Often the test of courage is not to die but to live."
(AP, 3/27/01)
Go to 1750-1770