Timeline 18th Century: 1700-1724
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1700
Jan 1, Russia replaced the Byzantine with the Julian
calendar.
(MC, 1/1/02)
1700 Jan 27, A tsunami hit Honshu
Island, Japan. It was later estimated that wave was trig-gered by a 9.0
magnitude earthquake in California.
(CW, Spring ‘99, p.32)
1700 Jan 29, Daniel Bernoulli,
mathematician (10 time French award), was born in Basel, Switzerland.
(MC, 1/29/02)
1700 Feb 22, Augustus II
(the Strong), elector of Saxony (1694-1733) and King of Poland
(1697-1706, 1709-1733), with the help of the Saxon army attacked
Swedish controlled Riga. This began the Northern War (1700-1721).
(LHC,
2/22/03)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_II_the_Strong)
1700 Feb 27, The Pacific Island of
New Britain was discovered. It is the largest of group of islands in
the South Pacific, NE of New Guinea.
(HN, 2/27/98)(WUD, 1994, p.962)
1700 May 1, John Dryden (b.1631),
English poet, playwright (Rival Ladies), died. He had writ-ten that
repentance was virtue of weak minds and the want of power to sin.
(MC, 5/1/02)(Econ, 7/24/04, p.70)
1700 May 7, Gerard van Swieten,
Dutch botanist, was born.
(MC, 5/7/02)
1700 May 7, William Penn began
monthly meetings for Blacks advocating emancipation.
(MC, 5/7/02)
1700 Jun 23, Russia gave up its
Black Sea fleet as part of a truce with the Ottoman Empire.
(HN, 6/23/98)
1700 Jul 15, Johann Christoph
Richter, composer, was born.
(MC, 7/15/02)
1700 Sep 11, James Thomson,
Scottish poet and songwriter, was born. He wrote the song "Rule
Britannia."
(HN, 9/11/00)(MC, 9/11/01)
1700 Sep, In Mexico Juan Bautista
and Jacinto de los Angeles informed Spanish authorities of an Indian
religious ceremony and were killed by fellow Indians. Christian
officials decapitated and quartered 15 men and staked their body parts
by the roadside as a warning. In 2002 Bauti-sta and Angeles were
beatified by Pope John Paul II.
(AP, 7/30/02)
1700 Nov 20, Sweden's 17-year-old
King Charles XII defeated the Russians at Narva.
(HN, 11/20/98)
1700 William Congreve, an
Anglo-Irishman playwright, published his last play, "The Way of the
World."
(WSJ, 11/20/98, p.W6)
c1700 Richard Gough, an aged
English lawyer, authored "History of Myddle."
(SFC, 4/3/01, p.C3)
1700 Castle Howard, Yorkshire,
England, designed by Sir John Vanbrugh as the baroque home of the earls
of Carlisle was begun.
(NG, Nov. 1985, M. Girouard, p.665)
1700 Around 1700 during a 50-year
period of brutal winters, the Thule abandoned Ellesmere Island in the
Canadian Arctic for Greenland.
(NG, 6/1988, p.763)
1700 British settlers began
arriving to the Cayman Islands.
(AP, 5/10/03)
c1700 The English slave ship
Henrietta Marie sank near Key West.
(WSJ, 6/2/98, p.A20)
1700 Germany adopted the Gregorian
calendar established in 1582.
(SFEC, 9/27/98, BR p.5)
1700 The inventory of Medici
instruments for 1700 establishes that at least one piano, created by
Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655-1731), had been completed by this date.
Cristofori began work on the “harpsichord with soft and loud” in 1698.
(www.cantos.org/Piano/History/cristofori.html)
1700 The Spanish crown
monopolized the Aquardiente industry in Colombia.
(AP, 9/2/03)
1700s In Senegal female slave
traders, called signare, prospered by conducting business with European
men.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R25)
1700s In Spain bullfighting
emerged in its modern form.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R34)
c1700-1800 Anton Graff, 18th cent. German painter.
(SFEC, 10/9/96, C2)
c1700-1800 Giuseppe Nogari, Italian artist, painted
"Old Woman With a Cup." In 1997 it became the focus of a sting
operation on Sotheby's auction house which arranged its illegal export
from It-aly to New York.
(SFC, 2/7/97, p.A18)
1700-1800 The expression "putting on the dog" derived
from the fact that in the 18th century, the finest dancing shoes were
made of dog skin, which could be worn out in one night of vigorous
footwork.
(HNQ, 2/4/99)
1700-1800 The Kabala of Isaac Luria provided the
inspiration for the revolutionary 18th century Jewish revivalist
movement in Eastern Europe, Hasidism. It included the idea known as
"tikkun olam" whereby the world is repaired by identifying the spark of
God in every living thing.
(WSJ, 5/22/98, p.W11)
1700-1800 The Gaon of Vilna, Lithuania,
excommunicated the Hasidic Jews after they cast aside the traditional
Jewish prayer book, replacing it with one composed by Isaac Luria.
(WSJ, 5/22/98, p.W11)
c1700-1800 In Malaysia Monosopiad, an 18th cent.
warrior, collected some 42 human skulls. His house near Sandakan is
known as the House of Skulls.
(SFEC, 10/17/98, p.T11)
1700-1800 Mauritius was settled by the French in
the18th cent. The island was seeded with sugar and slaves were brought
from Africa to work the plantations.
(SFC, 6/24/96, p.A8)
1700s In England Thomas Sheraton
invented twin beds in the late 1700s.
(SFEC, 3/15/98, Z1 p.8)
1701 Jan 18, Frederick III, the
elector of Brandenburg, became the king of Prussia.
(HN, 1/18/99)
1701 Feb 19, Philip V of Spain
made his ceremonial entry into Madrid.
(HN, 2/19/99)
1701 Mar 9, In Birzai
Augustus II and Russia's Czar Peter I signed a treaty.
(LHC,3/9/03)
1701 May 23, New York sea captain
William Kidd was hanged on the banks of the Thames after being found
guilty of piracy and murder. Kidd had reluctantly became a privateer
for Eng-land in 1696 and was expected to fight pirates on the open sea,
seize their cargoes, and pro-vide a hefty share of the spoils to the
Crown. According to his British accusers, Kidd turned to piracy himself
as the deadline for reporting to his employers in New York approached
and he had not taken enough booty to fulfill his commission. Kidd
himself did not know he was a wanted man until he dropped anchor in the
West Indies in April 1699. He chose to surrender to the authorities and
submit to a London trial, believing to the end that he could clear his
name. Important evidence in his favor was suppressed and he was hanged.
[see Jul 6]
(AP, 5/23/97)(HNPD, 8/27/98)(HN, 5/23/99)
1701 May 31, Alexander Cruden,
compiler of a concordance to King James Bible, was born.
(HN, 5/31/98)
1701 Jul 6, William Kidd,
English-US buccaneer, was hanged. [see May 23]
(MC, 7/6/02)(PC, 1992, p.272)
1701 Jul 24, Antoine de la Mothe
Cadillac (d.1730), aged 43, established Fort Ponchartrain for France on
the future site of the city of Detroit, Michigan, in an attempt to halt
the advance of the English into the western Great Lakes region.
(HN, 7/24/98)(DFP, 7/24/01)
1701 Sep 6, James II [Stuart],
king of England (1685-88), died at 68.
(MC, 9/6/01)
1701 Sep 7, England, Austria, and
the Netherlands formed an Alliance against France.
(HN, 9/7/98)
1701 Oct 9, The Collegiate School
of Connecticut -- later Yale University -- was chartered in New Haven,
Conn. It was the first US school to award a doctorate degree. [see Oct
16]
(SFC, 5/25/96, p.A9)(SF C, 3/8/96, p.E3)(AP, 10/9/97)
1701 Oct 13, Andreas Anton
Schmelzer, composer, died at 47.
(MC, 10/13/01)
1701 Oct 16, Yale University was
founded as The Collegiate School of Kilingworth, Connecti-cut by
Congregationalists who considered Harvard too liberal. [see Oct 9]
(HN, 10/16/00)
1701 Oct 28, William Penn
presented a Charter of Privileges for the Province of Pennsylvania
during his 2nd and last visit to the colony. Among its provisions was
one establishing total reli-gious freedom and tolerance to those who
wanted to live in peace in the colony. It remained as Pennsylvania's
constitution until the outbreak of the American Revolution (1775-1783).
(www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/states/pa07.htm)
1701 Nov 27, Anders Celsius
(d.1744), Swedish astronomer who devised the centigrade tem-perature
scale, was born in Uppsala.
(WUD, 1994, p.238)(AP, 11/27/06)
1701 The Act of Settlement
established the order of succession to the English throne.
(www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon53.html)
1701 In England presiding Chief
Justice Lord Hold (1642-1710) ruled that “As soon as a Ne-gro comes
into England, he becomes Free.”
(ON, 12/08, 8)(http://tinyurl.com/9jhg29)
1701 The English slave ship
Henrietta Marie sank 35 miles off Key West, Florida, on its way back to
Europe. It had delivered 188 captured Africans to a slave broker in
Jamaica in ex-change for sugar and other goods bound for England. The
wreck was found in 1972.
(SFC, 8/12/96, p.C5)(WSJ, 6/2/98, p.A20)(SSFC,
2/8/04, p.C12)
1701 Jethro Tull (1674-1741), a
farmer in Berkshire, England, created a horse-drawn me-chanical drill
to plant seeds in a row.
(WSJ, 1/11/99,
p.R14)(www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/jtull.html)
1701 German artisans created an
amber room for King Frederick I of Prussia. He presented it as a gift
to Peter the Great in 1712 [see 1712, 1716].
(SFC, 3/22/97, p.A16)(SFC, 4/30/98, p.E6)(WSJ,
1/20/00, p.A20)
1701 Spain’s medieval kingdom of
Aragon again rebelled against Madrid.
(Econ, 11/8/08, SR p.10)
1702 Jan 17, Thomas Franklin,
English smith and uncle of B. Franklin, died.
(MC, 1/17/02)
1702 Mar 8, William III of Orange
(51), Dutch King of England (1689-1702), died after falling from his
horse and catching a chill. Anne Stuart (37), his sister-in-law,
succeeded to the throne of England, Scotland and Ireland and reigned
until 1714.
(PCh, 1992, p.272)(MC, 3/8/02)(AP, 3/8/98)
1702 Mar 11, The Daily Courant,
the first regular English newspaper was published.
(HN, 3/11/99)
1702 Mar 21, Queen Anne Stuart
addressed the English parliament.
(MC, 3/21/02)
1702 Apr 27, Jean Bart (51),
French captain, sea hero (Escape out of Plymouth), died.
(MC, 4/27/02)
1702 May 15, The War of Spanish
Succession began.
(HN, 5/15/98)
1702 Oct 12, [British] Admiral Sir
George Rooke defeated the French fleet off Vigo.
(HN, 10/12/98)
1702 Oct 27, English troops
plundered St. Augustine, Florida.
(MC, 10/27/01)
1702 Nov 4, John Benbow, English
vice-admiral (Santa Marta), died.
(MC, 11/4/01)
1702 Nov 26, Colley Cibber's "King
Imposter" made its premier.
(MC, 11/26/01)
1702 Lord Cornbury, Queen Anne's
cousin, was made governor of New York and gave Trinity Church some
land.
(SFEC, 1/10/99, p.A13)
1702 Omori Yoshikiyo, Japanese
ehon artist, created his work “Trailing Willows,” which de-picted the
working women in the government sanctioned pleasure quarter of Kyoto.
(WSJ, 1/4/07, p.B11)
1702 Meijin Dosaku, go-master to
the shogun of Japan, died. He was the 4th head of the Honimbo go school
and is held by many Japanese to have been the game’s greatest player.
(Econ, 12/18/04, p.129)
1702 Basho Matsuo, Japanese poet,
died.
(SFC, 11/28/96, p.C16)
1702 Georg Everhard Rumpf, German
botanist, died. He was employed by the Dutch East India Company and
compiled the “Ambonese Herbal,” even after going blind in 1670. The
work was published in Amsterdam between 1741 and 1755.
(Econ, 9/25/04, p.94)
1702-1711 Old Mobile, Alabama, was the first French
settlement at Mobile.
(AM, Vol. 48, No. 3)
1703 Apr 26, Georg Christoph
Leuttner (58), composer, died.
(MC, 4/26/02)
1703 May 18, Dutch and English
troops occupied Cologne.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1703 May 26, Samuel Pepys
(b.1633), English diarist, died. In the 1930s Sir Arthur Bryant
authored a 3-volume biography. In the 1970s Richard Ollard authored a
single volume biogra-phy. In 2001 Stephen Coote authored "Samuel Pepys:
A Life" and another was expected by Claire Tomalin. In 2002 Claire
Tomalin authored "Samuel Pepys: The Unequaled Self."
(WSJ, 6/2/99, p.A24)(HN, 2/23/01)(SSFC, 12/22/02,
p.M3)(MC, 5/26/02)
1703 May 27, Peter the Great
founded St. Petersburg (Leningrad) as the capital of Russia. It was
built on a swampy settlement ceded by Sweden and occupied by about 150
people.
(WSJ, 1/28/97,
p.A16)(www.worldpress.org/Europe/1938.cfm)(MT, Winter/03, p.12)
1703 Jun 17, John Wesley (d.1791),
English evangelist and theologian, was born. He founded the Methodist
movement. He spent a brief period in Georgia (1738) as a missionary.
(HN, 6/17/99)(WSJ, 6/13/03, p.W19)
1703 Jul 31, English novelist
Daniel Defoe was made to stand in the pillory as punishment for
offending the government and church with his satire "The Shortest Way
With Dissenters."
(HN, 7/31/01)
1703 Sep 23, Jean-Marie Leclair,
composer, was born.
(MC, 9/23/01)
1703 Sep 30, The French, at
Hochstadt in the War of the Spanish Succession, suffered only 1,000
casualties to the 11,000 of their opponents, the Austrians of Holy
Roman Emperor Leo-pold I.
(HN, 9/30/98)
1703 Oct 5, Jonathan Edwards
(d.1758), US, theologian and philosopher (Original Sin), was born. He
helped promote the "Great Awakening" of religious fervor that broke out
in Protestant churches in New Jersey in the 1720s and spread to New
England in the 1730s.
(WUD, 1994, p.454)(SSFC, 7/8/01, p.B5)(MC, 10/5/01)
1703 Oct 23, In Malmesbury,
England Hannah, Twynnoy (33) teased a tiger at a circus. The tiger
broke loose and killed her.
(SFEC, 1/2/00, Z1 p.2)
1703 Nov 19, The "Man in the Iron
Mask," a prisoner in Bastille prison in Paris, died.
(MC, 11/19/01)
1703 Nov 26-27, Heavy storms hit
England and 1000s were killed. Bristol, England, was damaged by the
hurricane. The Royal Navy lost 15 warships.
(MC, 11/26/01)
1703 Dec 30, Tokyo was hit by
Earthquake and some 37,000 people died.
(MC, 12/30/01)
1703 Francois Boucher, French
painter, was born. He painted "Diana."
(AAP, 1964)(WUD, 1994, p.174)
1703 Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
(d.1792), Islamic theologian and founder of Wahhabism, was born in
Arabia. He set out his ideas in “The Book of Unity” (1736). Wahhabism,
a puritan branch of Sunni Islam, was founded by al-Wahhab in a poor
part of Ara-bia called Najd. Saudi armies helped to spread Wahhabi
Islamic reform. A Salafi, from the Ara-bic word Salaf (literally
meaning predecessors or early generations), is an adherent of a
con-temporary movement in Sunni Islam that is sometimes called Salafism
or Wahhabism. Salafis themselves insist that their beliefs are simply
pure Islam as practiced by the first three genera-tions of Muslims and
that they should not be regarded as a sect. [see 1744]
(WSJ, 11/13/01,
p.A14)(www.concise.britannica.com)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi)
1703 Johann Sebastian Bach
obtained his first position as organist for the city of Arnstadt,
Thuringia, Germany.
(Hem., Nov.'95, p.114)
1703 A pair of lovers committed
suicide in Osaka. The story of the courtesan and young mer-chant was
quickly depicted in the Kabuki play “The Love suicides at Sonexaki” by
Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653-1725).
(SFC, 6/20/05, p.C5)
1703-1730 Ahmed III succeeded Mustafa II in the
Ottoman House of Osman.
(Ot, 1993, xvii)
1704 Feb 24, Marc-Antoine
Charpentier, French composer (church music), died.
(MC, 2/24/02)
1704 Feb 28, Indians attacked
Deerfield, Mass. killing 40 and kidnapping 100.
(HN, 2/28/98)
1704 Apr 24, The Boston
News-Letter was established, first successful newspaper in U.S.
(HN, 4/24/98)
1704 May 1, Boston Newsletter
published the 1st US newspaper ad.
(MC, 5/1/02)
1704 May 20, Elias Neau formed a
school for slaves in NY.
(MC, 5/20/02)
1704 Jul 24, Admiral George Rooke
took Gibraltar from the Spanish.
(HN, 7/24/98)
1704 Aug 4, In the War of Spanish
Succession, an Anglo-Dutch fleet captured Gibraltar.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Gibraltar)(AP, 9/19/06)
1704 Aug 13, The Battle of
Blenheim, Germany, was fought during the War of the Spanish Succession,
resulting in a victory for English and Austrian forces. The Duke of
Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Austria defeated the French Army at
the Battle of Blenheim. In 1705 Joseph Addison wrote the poem "The
Campaign" for the Duke of Marlborough to commemorate the military
victory over France and Spain at the Battle of Blenheim: "Do you not
think an angel rides in the whirlwind and directs this storm."
(AP, 8/13/97)(HN, 8/13/98)(SSFC, 1/21/01, p.A6)
1704 Sep 28, Maryland allowed
divorce if a wife displeased the clergyman or preacher.
(MC, 9/28/01)
1704 Oct 28, John Locke
(b.1632), English philosopher, Oxford academic and medical re-searcher,
died. He authored 2 treatises on government.
(www.utm.edu/research/iep/l/locke.htm#Life)
1704 In England Daniel Defoe
(1660-1731) began publishing "The Review." Defoe in this year also
authored “The Storm” in which he organized the winds into categories of
scale.
(WSJ, 8/25/98, p.A12)(NH, 11/1/04, p.51)
1704 English forces attacked
Apalachee Indians in Florida driving them into slavery and exile. Some
800 Apalachee fled west to French-held Mobile.
(WSJ, 3/9/05, p.A1)
1704 John Churchill, first duke of
Marlborough, was victorious at Blenheim in Bavaria, and was rewarded
with the Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, England.
(NG, Nov. 1985, M. Girouard, p.671)
1705 Jan 8, Georg F. Handel's 1st
opera "Almira," premiered in Hamburg.
(MC, 1/8/02)
1705 Jan 17, John Ray (b.1627),
British naturalist and theologian, died. He had spent three years
traveling in Europe collecting material for his book “Historia
Plantarum.” The classification in his 1682 book “Methodus Plantarum
Nova” is based on overall morphology. Ray's plant clas-sification
system was the first to divide flowering plants into monocots and
dicots.
(www.1911encyclopedia.org/John_Ray)(WSJ, 5/10/08,
p.W8)
1705 Feb 15, Charles A. Vanloo,
French painter, was born.
(MC, 2/15/02)
1705 Apr 16, Queen Anne of England
knighted Isaac Newton at Trinity College.
(HN, 4/16/98)(MC, 4/16/02)
1705 Apr 23, Richard Steele's
"Tender Husband," premiered in London.
(MC, 4/23/02)
1705 May 5, Leopold I von Hapsburg
(b.1640), Emperor of Holy Roman Empire, died.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor)
1705 Aug 4, Vaclav Matyas Gurecky,
composer, was born.
(MC, 8/4/02)
1705 Oct 14, The English Navy
captured Barcelona in Spain.
(HN, 10/14/98)
1705 Nov 23, Nicholas Rowe's
"Ulysses," premiered in London.
(MC, 11/23/01)
1705 Dec 29, Prosper Jolyot's
"Idomenee," premiered in Paris.
(MC, 12/29/01)
1705 Joseph Addison wrote the poem
"The Campaign" for the Duke of Marlborough to com-memorate the military
victory over France and Spain at the Battle of Blenheim.
(SSFC, 1/21/01, p.A6)
1705 The first steam engine was
built.
(WSJ, 1/11/98, p.R18)
1705 Luca Giordano (b.1634),
Neopolitan baroque painter, died. He had studied under Span-ish-born
teacher Jusepe de Ribera and late in life spent 10 years in Spain.
(WSJ, 1/15/02, p.A14)
c1705 Yodoya Tatsugora, Japanese
merchant, died. He was a member of the 5th generation of a family that
became rich as silk traders and rice merchants. The Shogunate claimed
that his wealth was unbecoming and confiscated it. Many government
officials owed him money.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R8)
1705-1782 Carlo Broschi (a.k.a. Farinelli), Italian
castrato, said to be able to produce 250 notes in a single breath. A
film depicting his life was made in 1995, directed by Gerard Corbiau
and fea-tures Stefano Dionisi as Farinelli.
(SFC, 4/28/95, p.C-3)
1706 Jan 17, Benjamin Franklin
(d.1790), American statesman, was born in Boston, the youngest boy in a
family of 17 children. He helped draft the Declaration of Independence
and wrote "Poor Richard's Almanac." Carl Van Doren portrays Franklin as
a harmonious rationalist in his classic biography. David Morgan writes
of Franklin's darker side in: "The Devious Dr. Franklin, Colonial
Agent." And Robert Middlekauff describes Franklin as a trickster in
his: "Ben-jamin Franklin and his Enemies." Franklin believed in white
superiority and said: "why increase the Sons of Africa by planting them
in America, when we have so fair an opportunity, by exclud-ing all the
Blacks and Tawneys, of increasing the lovely white.?" "If you would not
be forgotten, as soon as you are dead and rotten, either write things
worth reading, or do things worth the writing."
(WSJ, 8/8/95, p. A12)(SFC,12/897, p.A27)(AP,
1/17/98)(AP, 4/17/98)(HN, 1/17/99)(HNQ, 11/19/01)
1706 Jan 28, John Baskerville,
English typographer and inventor of the "hot-pressing" method of
printing. He also manufactured lacquered ware.
(HN, 1/28/00)(WUD, 1994 p.124)
1706 Feb 27, John Evelyn, diarist,
died.
(MC, 2/27/02)
1706 Mar 3, Johann Pachelbel
(b.1653), German organist and composer best remembered for his “Canon
in D,” died Nuremberg at age 52.
(WUD, 1994 p.1034)(AP, 3/3/06)
1706 Mar 8, Vienna's Wiener
Stadtbank was established.
(MC, 3/8/02)
1706 Apr 23, Spanish Gov.
Francisco Cuervo y Valdes founded a new villa consisting of 35 families
and named it in honor of the viceroy of New Spain, who was also the
Duke of Albu-querque, a town in southwestern Spain. The 1st r was later
dropped and in 2006 Albuquerque, NM, celebrated its 300th anniversary.
(SSFC, 5/22/05, p.E12)
1706 Apr 24, Giovanni Battista
Martini, composer (Padre Martini), was born.
(MC, 4/24/02)
1706 May 23, Battle of Ramillies:
Marlborough defeated the French and 17,000 were killed.
(MC, 5/23/02)
1706 Jul 10, In Virginia Grace
Sherwood (d.1740), aka the Witch of Pungo, was forced to un-dergo a
trial by water under accusations of being a witch. She floated, a sign
of guilt, and was imprisoned for nearly 8 years. In 2006 the governor
of Virginia officially cleared her name.
(http://tinyurl.com/k42jq)(WSJ, 9/15/06,
p.A1)(http://carolshouse.com/witch/)
1706 Dec 28, Pierre Bayle (59),
French theologist (History of Criticism), died.
(MC, 12/28/01)
1706 Bishop White Kennet printed
his "Complete History of England with the Lives of All the Kings and
Queens Thereof, Vol. 3" in London.
(SFC, 5/10/97, p.A8)
1706 The First Presbyterian church
was organized in Philadelphia. It had begun in Scotland and the British
Isles by John Knox around 1560.
(SFC, 7/21/97, p.A11)
1706 Pi, the 16th letter of the
Greek alphabet, was 1st used as a mathematical symbol by Wil-liam Jones
of Wales. Pi represents the approximate ratio of a circle’s
circumference to its di-ameter.
(SFEC, 3/14/99, p.C5)(WSJ, 3/15/05, p.B1)
1706 Isaac Newton published the
results of his 40 years of experiments with light in the "Op-ticks."
(V.D.-H.K.p.206)
1706 San Felipe Church in
Albuquerque, N.M., was founded.
(WSJ, 12/15/95, p.A-1)
1706 The Treaty of Union between
Scotland and England was set up. Daniel Defoe worked as a British agent
in Scotland and sent back reports on agitation against the yielding of
auton-omy.
(WSJ, 8/25/98, p.A12)
1706 Thomas Twinings opened his
tea shop in London.
(SFEC, 9/12/99, p.T2)
1707 Jan 16, Scotland ratified the
Treaty of Union by a majority of 110 votes to 69. The Acts created a
new state, the Kingdom of Great Britain, by merging the Kingdom of
England and the Kingdom of Scotland together.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707)
1707 Feb 25, Italian playwright
Carlo Goldoni (d.1793) was born in Venice. "He who talks much cannot
always talk well."
(AP, 6/1/98)(AP, 2/25/07)
1707 Mar 3, Aurangzeb (88),
Emperor of India (1658-1707), died.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1707 Mar 7, Stephen Hopkins,
signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born.
(HN, 3/7/98)
1707 Apr 6, Willem Van de Velde
(73), the Young, Dutch seascape painter, died.
(MC, 4/6/02)
1707 Apr 22, Henry Fielding
(d.1754), English novelist and essayist, was born in Sharpham Park,
Somerset, England. His work included "Tom Jones."
(WUD, 1994 p.528)(AP, 4/22/07)
1707 Apr 25, At the Battle of
Almansa, Franco-Spanish forces defeated Anglo-Portuguese.
(HN, 4/25/98)
1707 Apr 29, English-Scottish
parliament accepted Act of Union and formed Great Britain. [see May 1]
(MC, 4/29/02)
1707 May 1, Effective on this day
Scotland and England were united by an act of Parliament. England,
Wales and Scotland were united to form Great Britain.
(WSJ, 4/16/97, p.A13)(HN, 5/1/98)
1707 May 9, Dietrich Buxtehude
(~69), German organist, composer, died.
(MC, 5/9/02)
1707 May 23, Carolus Linnaeus
[Carl von Linné], Swedish botanist, was born.
(HN, 5/23/01)
1707 Sep 7, George-Louis Leclerc
(d.1788), Comte de Buffon, French naturalist and theoreti-cal
biologist. He commented on the origins of marine invertebrate fossils
in the hills of France. He also wrote a 35 volume work titled "Histoire
Naturelle, Generale, et Particuliere," that was an attempt to record
all that was known of the world of nature.
(DD-EVTT, p.114)(WSJ, 8/28/97, p.A12)(MC, 9/7/01)
1707 Oct 17, German composer
Johann S. Bach married his niece Maria Bach.
(MC, 10/17/01)
1707 Oct 23, The first Parliament
of Great Britain, created by the Acts of Union between Eng-land and
Scotland, held its first meeting.
(AP, 10/23/07)
1707 Dec 1, Jeremiah Clarke,
composer, died.
(MC, 12/1/01)
1707 Dec 5, The Society of
Antiquaries of London was founded at the Bear Tavern in the Strand by
John Talman, the son of an architect, Humfrey Wanley, a student of
ancient inscrip-tions and Anglo-Saxon, and John Bagford, an eccentric
shoemaker and dealer in books. They met for the purposes of forming a
Society for the study of British antiquities, whose agreed aim was to
further the study of British history prior to the reign of James I.
(www.sal.org.uk/newsandevents/makinghistoryantiquaries/)(http://tinyurl.com/32uzwc)
1707 Dec 18, Charles Wesley,
co-founder of the Methodist movement, was born.
(MC, 12/18/01)
1707 Moses Chaim Luzzato (d.1746),
Hebrew playwright, was born in Padua. His work in-cluded the Mesillat
Yesharim (1740), essentially an ethical treatise but with certain
mystical un-derpinnings.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe_Chaim_Luzzatto)
1707 Jonathan Swift, novelist,
said: "Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let
wasps and hornets break through."
(SFEC, 5/14/00, Z1 p.2)
1707 Handel composed his first
opera, "Almira." He went to Rome and was nicknamed Il Sas-sone, the
Saxon. Legend has it that he had a harpsichord and organ duel with
Domenico Scar-latti at the house of Cardinal Ottoboni. They tied on the
harpsichord but Handel won easily on the organ. Handel also composed
"Dixit Dominus" in this year.
(LGC-HCS, p.38)(WSJ, 5/11/99, p.A20)
1707 Kondraty Bulavin led a
Cossack uprising.
(SFC,10/28/97, p.A8)
1707 In Japan Mount Fuji erupted.
(SFC, 2/14/98, p.A12)
1708 Feb 28, A slave revolt in
Newton, Long Island, NY, left 11 dead.
(MC, 2/28/02)
1708 Mar 23, English pretender to
the throne James III landed at Firth of Forth.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1708 Apr 23, Friedrich von
Hagedorn, German poet (Versuch einiger Poem), was born.
(MC, 4/23/02)
1708 Apr 30, Simon de Vries, book
seller, writer (Unequal), died.
(MC, 4/30/02)
1708 Jun 8, The Spanish galleon
San Jose was trying to outrun a fleet of British warships off
Colombia's coast, when a mysterious explosion sent it to the bottom of
the sea with gold, silver, emeralds and 600 men. 14 men survived. In
1979 Sea Search signed a deal with Colombia giv-ing Sea Search
exclusive rights to search for the San Jose and 50 percent of whatever
they find. In 1982 Sea Search announced to the world it had found the
San Jose's resting place 700 feet below the water's surface, a few
miles from the historic Caribbean port of Cartagena. In 1984 Colombian
President Belisario Betancur signed a decree reducing Sea Search's
share from 50% to a 5% "finder's fee." By 2007 the treasure was valued
at more than $2 billion. In July, 2007, Colombia’s highest court ruled
that the ship must first be recovered before an inter-national dispute
over the fortune can be settled. In 2007 Carla Rahn Phillips authored
“The Treasure of San Jose: Death at Sea in the War of the Spanish
Succession.”
(AP, 6/3/07)(AP, 7/6/07)(WSJ, 1/31/07, p.D6)
1708 Jul 4, Swedish King Karel XII
beat Russians.
(Maggio)
1708 Jul 11, The French were
defeated at Oudenarde, Malplaquet, in the Netherlands by the Duke of
Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.
(HN, 7/11/98)
1708 Aug 29, French Canadian and
Indian forces attacked the village of Haverhill, Mass., kill-ing 16
settlers.
(AP, 8/29/08)
1708 Sep 28, At the Battle at
Lesnaya the Russian army captured a Swedish convoy.
(MC, 9/28/01)
1708 Oct 1, John Blow, composer
(Venus & Adonis), died at 59.
(MC, 10/1/01)
1708 Oct 16, Albrecht von Haller,
Swiss experimental physiologist, was born.
(MC, 10/16/01)
1708 Nov 15, William Pitt the
Elder, Secretary of State of England whose strategies helped win the
Seven Years War, was born. He served as Whig PM from 1756-61 and 66-68.
(HN, 11/15/98)(MC, 11/15/01)
1708 Dec 21, French forces seized
control of the eastern shore of Newfoundland after win-ning a victory
at St. John's.
(HN, 12/21/98)
1708 Thomas Corneille mentioned
Camembert cheese in his geographical dictionary.
(Econ, 7/26/03, p.79)
1708 A map was made that depicted
Towasa Indian Lamhatty's account of his enslavement in colonial
America. It was one of 75 documents in the 1997 book "Another America"
by Mark Warhus.
(NH, 5/97, p.11)
1708 Mir Wais, a forerunner of
Afghan independence, made Kandahar independent of Sa-favid Persia, that
had ruled it since 1622.
(www.afghan, 5/25/98)
1708 London’s St. Paul’s
Cathedral, designed by Sir Christopher Wren, was completed. In 2008 Leo
Hollis authored “The Phoenix: St Paul’s Cathedral and the Men Who Made
Modern London.”
(Econ, 6/7/08, p.97)
1708 The German Baptist Brethren
were founded as a band of Pietists in the village of Schwarzenau. Due
to persecution they soon migrated to America. The Holy Spirit whispers
to every believer but can only be heard by those who sacrifice
self-will to god's will. They observe the rite of the "holy kiss" and
have no leaders.
(WSJ, 8/3/01, p.W13)
1708 The Great Buddha Hall at
Nara’s Todaiji Temple, the world’s largest wooden structure, was
rebuilt at two thirds of the original scale.
(Hem, 9/04, p.46)
1708 Gobind Singh, the 10th Sikh
guru died in India. He named the “Granth Sahib” holy book as his
eternal successor before his death.
(AP, 9/1/04)
1709 Jan 5, Sudden extreme cold
killed 1000s of Europeans.
(MC, 1/5/02)
1709 Jan 10, Abraham Darby
(1678-1717) in Coalbrookdale, England, began using coke to provide
carbon for making iron. This led to the end of the use of charcoal for
making iron.
(Econ, 8/29/09,
p.69)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Darby_I)
1709 Feb 2, British sailor
Alexander Selkirk was rescued after being marooned on a desert island
for 5 years. His story inspired "Robinson Crusoe." [see Feb 12]
(MC, 2/2/02)
1709 Feb 8, Giuseppi Torelli (50),
Italian composer, died.
(MC, 2/8/02)
1709 Feb 12, Alexander Selkirk,
the Scottish seaman whose adventures inspired the creation of Daniel
Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, was taken off Juan Fernandez Island after more
than four years of living there alone. [see Feb 2]
(HN, 2/12/99)
1709 Mar 8, William Cowper/Cooper
(~62), English anatomist, died.
(MC, 3/8/02)
1709 Apr 12, The Tatler magazine
in England published its 1st edition. It used the names of coffee
houses as subject headings for articles.
(MC, 4/12/02)(Econ, 12/20/03, p.89)
1709 Jun 28, Russians defeated the
Swedes and Cossacks at the Battle of Poltava. [see July 8]
(HN, 6/28/98)
1709 Jul 5, Etienne de Silhouette,
French minister of finance, outline portrait artist, was born.
(HN, 7/5/98)
1709 Jul 8, Peter the Great
defeated Charles XII at Poltava, in the Ukraine, effectively ending the
Swedish empire. [see June 28]
(HN, 7/8/98)
1709 Sep 3, The 1st major group of
Swiss and German colonists reached the Carolinas.
(MC, 9/3/01)
1709 Sep 11, John Churchill, Duke
of Marlborough, won the bloodiest battle of the 18th cen-tury at great
cost, against the French at Malplaquet.
(HN, 9/11/98)
1709 Sep 17, Samuel Johnson,
lexicographer and writer (Boswell's Tour Guide), was born. [see Sep 18]
(MC, 9/17/01)
1709 Sep 18, Samuel Johnson
(d.1784), English lexicographer, essayist, poet and moralist best known
for "The Dictionary of the English Language," was born. "Patriotism is
the last ref-uge of a scoundrel." -- (To which Ambrose Bierce replied,
"I beg to submit that it is the first.") Boswell wrote the celebrated
"Life of Johnson." In 1955 Walter Jackson Bate (d.1999 at 81) published
"The Achievement of Samuel Johnson" and in 1977 the biography "Samuel
John-son." "The lawyer has no business with the justice or injustice of
a cause. The justice or injus-tice is to be decided by the judge." [see
Sep 17]
(AP, 10/8/97)(BS, 5/3/98, p.13E)(HN, 9/18/98)(SFEC,
1/10/99, Par p.10)(SFC, 7/27/99, p.A17)
1709 Oct 20, Marlborough and
Eugene of Savoy took Mons in the Netherlands.
(HN, 10/20/98)
1709 Nov 22, Frantisek Benda,
composer, was born.
(MC, 11/22/01)
1709 Dec 1, Franz Xaver Richter,
composer, was born.
(MC, 12/1/01)
1709 Dec 8, Thomas Corneille (74),
French dramatist, died.
(MC, 12/8/01)
1709 Dec 18, Elizabeth, empress of
Russia (to Peter the Great & Catherine I), was born. [see Dec 29]
(MC, 12/18/01)
1709 Dec 29, Elisabeth Petrovna,
daughter of Peter the Great and Catherine, was born. She became tsarina
of Russia (1741-1762).
(www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/Elizabeth_of_Russia)
1709 Boston minister Thomas
Bannister donated the book "Complete History of England with the Lives
of All the Kings and Queens Thereof, Vol. 3" to Harvard Univ. It was
written by Bishop White Kennet and printed in 1706 in London.
(SFC, 5/10/97, p.A8)
1709 Handel composed his opera
"Agrippina."
(WSJ, 4/17/02, p.D7)
1709 In Paris representatives of
the Comedie-Francaise tore down the loges at the Foire de
Saint-Germain. The loges were quickly rebuilt and the Comedie-Francasie
people came back enraged and burned them. The theaters were rebuilt in
a week and plays resumed.
(PNM, 1/25/98, p.4)
1709 Augustus the Strong, Elector
of Saxony, ordered alchemist Johann Friedrich Bottger to re-create the
formula for oriental porcelain. Bottger was imprisoned and joined
physicist Ehren-fried Walther von Tschirnhaus in a search for the
formula. Tschirnhaus died but Bottger discov-ered the formula in this
year. Within 2 years a factory was established in Meissen's
Albrechts-burg and Meissenware became Europe's first hard-paste
porcelain. Two blue crossed swords was the insignia of Meissenware. In
1999 Janet Gleeson authored "The Arcanum," a history of the origin and
growth of the European porcelain industry.
(Hem, 6/96, p.111-112)(WSJ, 3/18/99, p.W12)
1709 Britain passed its first
copyright act.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R14)
1709 Qing emperor Qianlong built
the gardens of Yuanmingyuan (the garden of perfection and light) on the
outskirts of Beijing as the imperial summer palace. In 1860 Lord
Elgin’s cavalry set fire and let the gardens burn for 3 days and nights.
(www.china.org.cn/english/features/beijng/31186.htm)(Econ, 11/26/05,
p.18)
1710 Jan 4, Giovanni Battista
Pergolesi (d.1736), Italian composer (Il Prigioniero Superbo), was born.
(MC, 1/4/02)(SFC, 6/24/02, p.B6)
1710 Feb 4, August II with the
support of the Russian army was recognized by the parliament in Warsaw
as King of Lithuania and Poland.
(LHC, 2/4/03)
1710 Feb 7, William Boyce, English
organist, composer of Cathedral music, was born.
(MC, 2/7/02)
1710 Feb 15, Louis XV (d.1774),
King of France, was born. He ruled from 1715-1774.
(HN, 2/15/98)(WUD, 1994, p.848)
1710 Mar 27, Joseph Marie Clement
dall' Abaco, composer, was born.
(MC, 3/27/02)
1710 Oct 16, British troops
occupied Port Royal, Nova Scotia.
(MC, 10/16/01)
1710 Nov 14, Gottfried W. Leibniz
(b.1646-1716), German philosopher and theologian, au-thored “Theodicy”
in which he tried to resolve the theological problem of evil.
(www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Leibniz.html)(WSJ,
12/15/05, p.D8)
1710 Nov 21, Barnardo Pasquini
(72), composer, died.
(MC, 11/21/01)
1710 Nov 22, Wilhelm Friedemann
Bach, composer, son of JS Bach (Sinfonias 64), was born.
(MC, 11/22/01)
1710 "The Narrow Road" by Basho
Matsuo (d.1702), Japanese poet, was first published.
(SFC, 11/28/96, p.C16)
1710 Handel returned from Italy to
Hanover and was appointed as court musician to the Elec-tor of Hanover.
Later that year he first went to London. He wrote opera in the Italian
style and was very successful.
(LGC-HCS, p.35)(WSJ, 8/7/01, p.A12)
1710 Louis-Nicolas Clerambault
composed his cantata "Medee."
(SFC, 6/6/96, E3)
1710 The original Chapel of San
Miguel in Santa Fe, New Mexico, was erected. (AWAM, Dec. 94, p.69)
1710 St. Peter's Roman Catholic
Church was built in Malacca, Malaysia.
(SFEC, 3/19/00, p.T8)
1710 The Elector of Hanover
commissioned the Hanover Cistern and Fountain, a silver buffet service
intended to cool wine. In 1997 it had an estimated value of $2-3
million.
(SFC, 10/8/97, Z1 p.4)
1710 In Germany Baron Johann
Bottger invented the Meissen hard-paste porcelain at the Meissen
factory on the river Elbe under the auspices of Augustus, King of
Poland. [see 1709] Kandler was a virtuoso sculptor and brilliant artist
at Meissen and was responsible for the figu-rine of Mazzetin and
Columbine, 2 characters from the Italian comedia dell ‘arte. In 2008
Mau-reen Cassidy-Geiger edited “Fragile Diplomacy,” an illustrated look
at Meissen porcelain.
(WSJ, 8/28/98, p.W10)(WSJ, 2/16/08, p.W11)
1710 Umbrellas became popular in
London.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R14)
1710-1784 Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, oldest son of J.S.
Bach.
(LGC-HCS, p.31)
1711 Feb 14, Handel's opera
Rinaldo premiered. He composed his opera "Rinaldo," with the Italian
librettist Giacomo Rossi. It was his 1st opera for London.
(LGC-HCS, p.41)(WSJ, 11/13/00, p.A32)(MC, 2/14/02)
1711 Mar 1, "The Spectator" began
publishing in London.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1711 Mar 19, War was declared
between Russia and Turkey.
(AP, 3/19/03)
1711 Apr 26, David Hume (d.1776),
Scottish historian and philosopher, was born. His work included the
“Treatise of Human Nature” and the 6-volume “History of England.” Use
of the new calendar puts his birthday on May 7.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hume)
1711 May 7, David Hume (d.1776),
Scottish historian and philosopher, was born. His work included the
“Treatise of Human Nature” and the 6-volume “History of England.”
The old style calendar puts his birthday on April 26.
(http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/hume/index.html)
1711 May 18, Ruggiero G. Boscovich
[Rudzer J Boskovic], Italian astronomer, was born.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1711 Jun 1, The Queen Anne Act,
known as The British Post Office Act of 1710, took effect in North
America on June 1, 1711. It created a formula that was used to improve
the colonial postal system and remained in effect in North America
until 1789. Colonists came to view the postal rates set forth in the
act as an excessive and unwelcome form of taxation. The rates were
revised by a later act, which took effect on October 10, 1765.
(http://tinyurl.com/adqtq)
1711 Jul 21, Russia and Turkey
signed the Treaty of Pruth, ending the year-long Russo-Turkish War.
(HN, 7/21/98)
1711 Aug 1, Czar Peter the Great
fled Azov after being surrounded.
(MC, 8/1/02)
1711 Aug 23, A British attempt to
invade Canada by sea failed.
(HN, 8/23/98)
1711 Sep 6, Heinrich Melchior
Muhlenberg, founder of the US Lutheran church, was born.
(MC, 9/6/01)
1711 Sep 22, The Tuscarora Indian
War began with a massacre of settlers in North Carolina, following
white encroachment that included the enslaving of Indian children.
(HN, 9/22/98)
1711 Sep 22, French troops
occupied Rio de Janeiro.
(MC, 9/22/01)
1711 Nov 3, Ferdinand Tobias
Richter (60), composer, died.
(MC, 11/3/01)
1711 Dec 31, Duke of Marlborough
was fired as English army commander.
(MC, 12/31/01)
1711 Horse racing began at the
Royal Ascot track west of London. The 1st four day royal meeting was
held there in 1768.
(SFC, 6/21/06,
p.A2)(www.icons.org.uk/nom/nominations/royal-ascot)
1711 Marin Marais, a great French
virtuoso on the viola da gamba, composed a pair of suites.
(SFC, 6/10/98, p.D1)
1711 The city of Beaufort, SC, was
founded. It was later hailed as the state's 2nd oldest city.
(SSFC, 1/19/03, p.C12)
1711 English ships captured the
Spanish galleon San Joaquin, part of a fleet returning to Spain from
Portobelo under Don Miguel Augustin de Villanueva, who was mortally
wounded. New World wealth was on another ship, which managed to return
to Spain.
(WSJ, 1/31/07, p.D6)
1712 Jan 24, Frederick II
(d.1786), Frederick the Great, the Hohenzollern King of Prussia
(1740-1786), was born. He was noted for his social reforms and leading
Prussia in military vic-tories.
(WUD, 1994, p.565)(HN, 1/24/99)(WSJ, 4/27/00,
p.A24)(MC, 1/24/02)
1712 Feb 8, L. Joseph de Montcalm
de Saint-Veran, French general in America, was born. [see Feb 29]
(MC, 2/8/02)
1712 Feb 29, Marquis Louis Joseph
de Montcalm, Commander of French Forces in North America during French
and Indian War, was born. [see Feb 8]
(HN, 2/29/00)
1712 Apr 7, There was a slave
revolt in New York City. A slave insurrection in New York City was
suppressed by the militia and ended with the execution of 21 blacks.
[see Jul 4]
(HN, 4/7/97)(HNQ, 6/10/98)
1712 Jun 7, The Pennsylvania
Assembly banned the importation of slaves.
(HN, 6/7/98)
1712 Jun 28, Jean-Jacques Rousseau
(d.1778), writer and philosopher, was born in Geneva, Switzerland. His
books include "The Social Contract" (1762) and Emile (1762).
(www.infed.org/thinkers/et-rous.htm)(HN, 6/28/99)
1712 Jul 4, Twelve slaves were
executed for starting a slave uprising in New York that killed nine
whites. [see Apr 7]
(HN, 7/4/98)(PCh, 1992, p.278)
1712 Jul 12, Richard Cromwell
(85), English Lord Protector (1658-59), died.
(MC, 7/12/02)
1712 Jul 30, Abraham Elsevier,
publisher, died.
(MC, 7/30/02)
1712 Oct 4, Utrecht banished poor
Jews.
(MC, 10/4/01)
1712 Oct 30, Christian Wilhelm
Ernst Dietrich, German painter, was born.
(MC, 10/30/01)
1712 The poem “The Rape of the
Lock” by English poet Alexander Pope (1688-1744) was anonymously
published in Lintot’s Miscellany. It was revised, expanded and reissued
under Pope’s name in 1714.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock)
1712 The English tract "Onania; or
the Heinous Sin of Self-Pollution, and All Its Frightful Con-sequences
in Both Sexes, Considered, With Spiritual and Physical Advice to Those
Who Have Already Injur'd Themselves by This Abominable Practice," was
published. It was later attributed to a quack doctor named John Marten.
(SSFC, 5/18/03, p.E7)
1712 Handel composed his operas
"Il Pastor Fido" and "Teseo."
(LGC-HCS, p.41)
1712 English Tories introduced a
stamp tax, which taxed newspapers per sheet. Papers were then published
as broadsheets, single sheets with huge pages
(Econ, 6/12/04, p.18)
1712 Robert Walpole, later British
prime minister, served a spell in the Tower of London on charges of
financial impropriety.
(Econ, 2/10/07, p.89)
1712 Englishman Thomas Newcomen
created a piston system to separate the steam from the water.
(HNQ, 1/18/01)
1712 In Mexico Maria de Ortiz
Espejo was convicted by the Inquisition of telling women that
hummingbirds and earthquakes could help them get pregnant. She got off
with a warning.
(SFC, 9/18/96, p.A11)
1712 King Frederick I of Prussia
presented his amber room, made as a gift by German arti-sans in 1701,
to Peter the Great. Catherine the Great later added four marble panels
from Flor-ence, that were inlaid with precious stones. It was moved to
Konigsberg in 1945 and then lost during WW II. One of the marble panels
turned up in Bremen in 1997. [see 1716]
(SFC, 3/22/97, p.A16)(SFC, 4/30/98, p.E6)(WSJ,
1/20/00, p.A20)
1712 In Russia Peter the Great
married Catherine.
(WSJ, 6/28/99, p.A27)
1712-1793 Francesco Guardi, Italian painter. He
painted "A Seaport and Classic Ruins in Italy."
(AAP, 1964)(WUD, 1994, p.627)
1712-1862 England taxed soap with the declaration
that it was a frivolous luxury of the aristocracy.
(SFC, 4/17/99, p.B3)
1713 Jan 8, Arcangelo Corelli
(59), composer, violinist (Concerti Grossi), died.
(MC, 1/8/02)
1713 Feb 25, Frederik I (55), King
of Prussia (1701-13), died.
(MC, 2/25/02)
1713 Mar 15, Nicolas Louis de
Lacaille, astronomer who mapped the Southern Hemisphere, was born.
(MC, 3/15/02)
1713 Apr 11, The Peace of Utrecht
was signed, France ceded Maritime provinces to Britain. The French
colony of Acadia, now Nova Scotia, was ceded to Great Britain. The
Acadians had come from western France to fish and farm. Those who would
not swear allegiance to the crown were deported. Many of these
deportees went to the bayou country of Louisiana.
(WUD, 1994, p.7)(WSJ, 9/4/96, p.A12)(HN,
4/11/98)(WSJ, 11/29/99, p.A29)
1713 Apr 11, Spain ceded the
2.5-sq. mile Gibraltar in perpetuity to Britain under the Treaty of
Utrecht.
(WSJ, 11/29/99, p.A29)(SFC, 2/19/02, p.A2)
1713 Apr 21, Louis Duke de
Noailles, marshal of France, was born.
(MC, 4/21/02)
1713 May 25, John Stuart 3rd earl
of Bute, English premier (1760-63), was born.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1713 Jul 7, The 1st performance of
Georg F Handel's "To Deum" & "Jubilate."
(MC, 7/7/02)
1713 Jun 13, Arcangelo Corelli
(~49), Italian violinist, composer, died.
(MC, 6/13/02)
1713 Oct 5, Denis Diderot
(d.1784), French encyclopedist (Dictionnaire Encyclopedique), was born
in Langres, Champagne, France. Age of Enlightenment philosopher, writer
who with his friend Voltaire, scoffed at organized religion, ultimately
bringing on the French Revolution.
(www.nndb.com/people/914/000082668/)
1713 Oct 10, Johann Ludwig Krebs,
composer, was born. [see Oct 12]
(MC, 10/10/01)
1713 Oct 12, Johann Ludwig Krebs,
composer, was born. [see Oct 10]
(MC, 10/12/01)
1713 Nov 20, Thomas Tompion,
English clock maker (cylinder tunnel), died.
(MC, 11/20/01)
1713 Nov 24, Junipero Serra
(d.1784), Spanish Roman Catholic missionary to the Indians in
California and Mexico was born on the Spanish isle of Palma de
Mallorca. He came to the New World in 1749 accompanied by 14 other
Mallorcans including the geographer Crespi and Father Francisco Palou,
biographer of Serra and historian of the missions. Serra was beatified
in 1988.
(SFC, Z1, 4/28/96, p.6)(SFEC, 9/14/97,
p.A18)(www.beachcalifornia.com/carmel2.html)
1713 Nov 24, Laurence Sterne
(d.1768), novelist and satirist (Tristram Shandy), was born in Ireland.
"Free thinkers are generally those who never think at all."
(MC, 11/24/01)(AP, 6/19/97)
1713 Joseph Addison, English
writer, authored the play "Cato."
(SFC, 12/1/00, p.A3)
1713 Bach composed his Brandenburg
Concerto No. 3.
(WSJ, 10/5/98, p.A21)
1713 Andrew Robinson built the
first schooner. In New England "to scoon" meant "to skim."
(SFC, 5/17/97, p.E3)
1713 Most European powers vowed to
respect the 1713 royal pronouncement of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles
VI, called the Pragmatic Sanction, in which he declared that if he had
no direct male heir upon his death, his Austrian domains would go to
his eldest daughter, Maria Theresa.
(HNQ, 7/29/99)
1713 The plague in Vienna ended.
The Karlskirche Church, designed by Johann Bernard Fischer von Erlach
was built to commemorate this event. It is considered to be Vienna's
great-est Baroque church.
(Hem., Dec. '95, p.69)
1713-1791 Kang Se-hwang, Korean painter.
(SFC, 7/26/97, p.E1)
1714 Jan 7, A typewriter was
patented by Englishman Henry Mill. It was built years later.
(MC, 1/7/02)
1714 Mar 8, Carl Philipp Emanuel
Bach (d.1788), German composer, son of J.S. Bach, was born. He played
keyboard at the court of Frederick the Great for 28 years, and
succeeded Telemann at Hamburg. Because he was left-handed he did not
play the violin. He represented the elegant, noncontrapuntal style
gallant that was developed by the Mannheim composers and led into Haydn
and Mozart.
(LGC-HCS, p.31)(MC, 3/8/02)
1714 Jul 2, Christoph Willibald
Ritter von Gluck, composer, was born in Erasbach, Germany.
(SC, 7/2/02)
1714 Aug 1, Queen Anne (1702-1714)
of Britain died at age 48. By the 1701 Act of Settle-ment Prince George
Louis (54) of Hanover succeeded her as King George I (d.1727).
(PCh, 1992,
p.279)(www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon53.html)
1714 Sep 25, Jean-Benoit Leclair,
composer, was born.
(MC, 9/25/01)
1714 Oct 20, Georg Ludwig of
Hanover was crowned as George I of England. Queen Anne of England died
and was succeeded by the Elector of Hanover. The Hanoverian
dynasty ruled to 1901.
(LGC-HCS, p.36)(HN, 10/20/98)(WUD, 1994, p.644)
1714 Nov 11, A highway in Bronx
was laid out. It was later renamed East 233rd Street.
(MC, 11/11/01)
1714 Bernard de Mandeville, Dutch
philosopher, achieved widespread fame with his lengthy poem "The Fable
of the Bees: Private Vice, Publick Benefits."
(NH, 7/02, p.74)
1714 Henry Mill received the first
recorded patent for a typewriter in England.
(SJSVB, 3/25/96, p.27)
1714 Henrietta Howard
(b.1689-1767) traveled with her husband to Hanover to the court of
George Louis, heir to the English throne. In 1720 she was appointed as
Woman of the Bed-chamber to Princess Caroline and in 1723 became a
royal mistress. In 2007 Tracy Borman au-thored “Henrietta Howard:
King’s Mistress, Queen’s Servant.”
(Econ, 10/6/07,
p.99)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrietta_Howard,_Countess_of_Suffolk)
1714 In France Dom Perignon
invented champagne. [see 1688]
(SFEC, 2/1/98, Z1p.8)
1714 In Japan Ando Kaigetsudo
(1671-1743) was banished to the island of Oshima. He was the founder of
the Kaigetsudo school of ukiyo-e (scenes of the transient world of
daily life) painters and print designers.
(SSFC, 11/20/05,
p.M1)(www.ready-to-hang.com/LCP_ArtNotes/Kaigetsudo_Ando_Bio.htm)
1714 In Northern Russia the Church
of the Transfiguration was built by the Kizhi community on an island on
Lake Onega. The wooden church with 22 onion domes was built without
nails.
(WSJ, 9/16/06, p.P18)
1714 Peter the Great instituted
the Order of St. Catherine in honor of his wife, Catherine. It was the
highest Russian honor awarded exclusively to women. Only 12 women
outside the royal family could be members of the Order at a time.
(WSJ, 6/11/99, p.W14)(WSJ, 6/28/99, p.A27)
1714 Peter the Great of Russia
founded Oktyabar, a pharmaceutical firm. In 1995 US ICN Pharmaceuticals
increased its investment in the firm to 75% from 41%.
(ICN, 1995 An. Rep., p.11)
1715 Jan 26, Claude
Helvétius, French philosopher, was born. He advanced the theory
that sensation is the source of all intellectual activity.
(HN, 1/26/99)
1715 Mar 7, Ewald Christian von
Kleist, German lyric poet (Der Freuhling), was born.
(MC, 3/7/02)
1715 Mar, William Dampier
(b.1651), English explorer and privateer, died. In 2004 Diana and
Michael Preston authored "A Pirate of Exquisite Mind: Explorer,
Naturalist and Bucaneer," a bi-ography of Dampier.
(WSJ, 4/16/04, p.W8)
1715 Apr 15, Uprising of Yamasse
Indians in South Carolina.
(MC, 4/15/02)
1715 Apr 20, Nicholas Rowe's
"Tragedy of Lady Jane Gray," premiered in London.
(MC, 4/20/02)
1715 May 3, Edmund Halley observed
a total eclipse phenomenon: "Baily's Beads."
(MC, 5/3/02)
1715 May 4, A French manufacturer
debuted the first folding umbrella.
(HN, 5/4/98)
1715 Jul 20, The Riot Act went
into effect in England.
(HFA, '96, p.34)(HN, 7/20/01)
1715 Jul 29, A hurricane sank 10
Spanish treasure galleons sank off Florida coast.
(MC, 7/29/02)
1715 Jul 30, A Spanish gold and
silver fleet disappeared off St. Lucie, Florida.
(MC, 7/30/02)
1715 Sep 1, Louis XIV (b.1638),
"the Sun King," king of France (1643-1715), died of gan-grene. His wife
was Madame de Maintenon, founder of the convent academy Maison St. Cyr.
In 2006 Antonia Fraser authored “Love and Louis XIV.”
(THC,
12/3/97)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France)(WSJ,
11/4/06, p.P10)
1715 Sep 6, A pro-James III
uprising took place in Scotland.
(MC, 9/6/01)
1715 Sep 30, Etienne B. de
Condillac, French philosopher (sensualism, Cours d'etudes), was born.
(MC, 9/30/01)
1715 Oct 2, Peter II, czar of
Russia (1727-30), was born.
(MC, 10/2/01)
1715 Nov 13, The English beat the
Scots at the Battle of Sheriffmuir in Scotland.
(HN, 11/13/98)(MC, 11/13/01)
1715 Nov 13, The pro-James Edward
Stuart rebellion surrendered.
(MC, 11/13/01)
1715 Nov 24, The Thames River
froze.
(MC, 11/24/01)
1715 Nov 25, England granted the
1st patent to an American. It was for processing corn.
(MC, 11/25/01)
1715 Handel composed the opera
"Amadigi di Gaula." It was about the sorceress Melissa and her attempts
to seduce the hero Amadigi.
(WSJ, 3/24/97, p.A16)
1715 The Ottomans recaptured the
Peloponnesus from the Venetians.
(AM, May/Jun 97 p.56)
1715 Mir Wais of Afghanistan died
peacefully, and lies in a mausoleum outside of Kandahar.
(www.afghan, 5/25/98)
1715 In Russia Peter the Great
held a funeral for his favorite court dwarf. Lines of ecclesias-tics
were followed by 24 pair of male and female dwarves.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R4)
1715-1721 Colen Campbell and William Kent built the
Burlington House in London, England. In 1854 the Cavendish family sold
it to the government. Lady Cavendish had complained that its rooms were
too narrow for hooped-skirted ladies to waltz in.
(Econ, 10/6/07, p.19)
1715-1774 In France Louis XV, great-grandson of Louis
XIV, ruled as king.
(WUD, 1994, p.848)(PCh, 1992, p.279)
1716 Jan 15, Philip Livingston,
Declaration of Independence signer, was born.
(HN, 1/15/99)
1716 Mar 13, Georg Gabriel Schutz
(46), composer, died.
(MC, 3/13/02)
1716 Apr 4, John Evangelist
Schreiber, composer, was born.
(MC, 4/4/02)
1716 Apr 12, Felice de' Giardini,
composer, was born.
(MC, 4/12/02)
1716 May 29, Louis J.M. Daubenton,
French zoologist, was born.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1716 Jun 6, The 1st slaves arrived
in Louisiana.
(MC, 6/6/02)
1716 Jul 18, A decree ordered all
Jews expelled from Brussels.
(MC, 7/18/02)
1716 Sep 2, Johann Trier,
composer, was born.
(MC, 9/2/01)
1716 Sep 14, The 1st lighthouse in
US was lit in Boston Harbor.
(www.lighthouse.cc/boston/history.html)
1716 Sep 24, Medici Grand Duke
Cosimo III passed a law limiting and regulating the area of wine
production in Tuscany, thus creating the 1st "Appelation Controlee"
wine.
(Carmignano, 1997)
1716 Nov
3, In the Pacification Treaty of Warsaw Czar Peter the Great
(1672-1725) guaran-teed Saxon monarch August I's (1682-1718) Polish
kingdom.
(DoW, 1999, p.373)
1716 Nov 14, Gottfried W. Leibniz
(Leibnitz b.1646), German philosopher and theologian, died. In 2005
Matthew Stewart authored “The Courtier and the Heretic: Leibniz,
Spinoza, and the Fate of God in the Modern World.
(www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Leibniz.html)(WSJ,
12/15/05, p.D8)
1716 Nov 26, The 1st lion
exhibited in America was in Boston.
(MC, 11/26/01)
1716 Dec 23, Johann Heinrich
Rolle, composer, was born.
(MC, 12/23/01)
1716 Dec 26, Thomas Gray, English
poet, was born: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard: "The paths of
glory lead but to the grave."; also: "...where ignorance is bliss/'Tis
folly to be wise."
(440.com)
1716 Agostino Cornacchini created
the porcelain version of his sculpture "Sleeping Endy-mion."
(WSJ, 1/29/02, p.A18)
1716 In the summer of 1716, a
Cornish cabin boy named Thomas Pellow (11) and fifty-one of his
comrades were captured at sea by Barbary corsairs. Ali Hakem and his
network of Islamic slave traders had declared war on the whole of
Christendom. Thousands of Europeans had been snatched from their homes
and taken in chains to the great slave markets of Algiers, Tu-nis, and
Salé in Morocco, where they were sold at auction to the highest
bidder. Pellow and his shipmates were bought by the sultan of Morocco,
Moulay Ismail, who was constructing an im-perial palace of such scale
and grandeur that it would surpass every other building in the
world. In 2005 Giles Milton authored “White Gold,” an account of
the trade in white slaves.
(SSFC, 6/19/05, p.C3)(http://tinyurl.com/7wv2s)
1716 Thomas Fairchild brushed with
a feather pollen from a sweet William over the stigma of a carnation,
creating the first human-made hybrid plant.
(www.orangepippin.com/articles/yorkshireapples.aspx)(SSFC, 4/19/09,
Books p.J7)
1716 In France John Law
established a private bank called Law & Co. with the promise that
his notes were redeemable on demand for coin.
(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.B1)
1716 St. John Island in the West
Indies was settled by the Danes.
(NG, Jan, 1968, C. Mitchell, p. 71)
1716 The Virginia Colonial
Assembly passed a law that required every householder to plant at least
ten grapevines.
(WSJ, 9/9/96, p.A16)
1716 Prussian King Friedrich
Wilhelm I gave the Czar of Russia an elaborately carved amber chamber.
In exchange, he received his wish: 55 very tall Russian soldiers.
German troops dis-mantled it in 1941 and took it to Koenigsburg where
it disappeared. In 1979 the Soviet govern-ment initiated a
reconstruction, which was unveiled in 2003. [see 1701, 1712]
(AP, 5/13/03)
1716-1788 Charles III, (Carlos III) king of Spain
from 1759-1788, was born in Madrid. He was a member of the
Bourbon-Parma dynasty. He was King of Naples from 1734-1759 and
author-ized expeditions from Mexico to California.
(WUD, 1994, p.249)(SFC, 6/7/00, p.A15)
1716-1800 Ito Jakuchu, Japanese artist. He created
the "Vegetable Parinirvana," a hanging scroll that recasts the Buddha
as a languishing radish surrounded by other vegetable onlookers.
(WSJ, 12/1/98, p.A20)
1717 Jan 30, Surrounded by the
Russian army the Lithuanian-Polish parliament reduced its army by half
and acknowledged Russian protection.
(LHC, 1/30/03)
1717 Apr 26, Pirate Black Sam
Bellamy died along with 143 others when their ship, the Why-dah, sank
off of Wellfleet, Cape Cod. 2 men on the Whydah survived as did 7
others aboard the Mary Anne, a smaller ship loaded with Madeira wine.
The slave ship Whydah had just been captured by Bellamy in February as
it left Ouidau, Benin, with a load of sugar and indigo as well as
chests of silver and gold. 6 or the 9 survivors were later hanged for
piracy in Boston. In 1984 the wreck of the ship was discovered by Barry
Clifford.
(SFC, 3/4/96, p.A4)(WSJ, 9/12/07,
p.D9)
1717 May 13, Maria Theresa was
born in Vienna. She later became Archduchess of Austria, a Queen of
Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, and a Holy Roman Empress.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria)
1717 Jun 4, The Freemasons
established their Grand Lodge in London. They had begun in the 13th
century as a guild of masons, who worked in soft stone called freestone.
(HN, 6/4/98)(WSJ, 2/6/02, p.A16)
1717 Jun 19, Johann Wenzel Anton
Stamitz, composer, was born.
(MC, 6/19/02)
1717 Jul 17, Handel's "Water
Music" was played for George I on the occasion of a royal barge trip on
the Thames.
(LGC-HCS, p.40)(Internet)
1717 Aug 4, A friendship treaty
was signed between France and Russia.
(HN, 8/4/98)
1717 Aug 22, The Austrian army
forced the Turkish army out of Belgrade, ending the Turkish revival in
the Balkans.
(HN, 8/22/98)
1717 Sep 24, Horace Walpole
(1797), son of Robert Walpole, author and Fourth Earl of Or-ford, was
born. He was a life time collector of bibelots and authored one of the
first Gothic nov-els: "The Castle of Otranto" (1764). "The whole secret
of life is to be interested in one thing pro-foundly and in a thousand
things well." Wilmarth Lewis (d.1979) later edited Yale's 48-volume
edition of Walpole's correspondence. He created the Gothic novel genre.
(AP, 1/13/98)(WSJ, 10/19/99, p.A24)(HN, 9/24/00)
1717 Nov 17, Jean Le Rond
d'Alembert (d.1783), French mathematician, philosopher and physicist,
was born. He and Denis Diderot (1713-1784) designed and edited the
"Encyclope-die," a massive reference work and polemical attempt to
reform French society. In 1998 Andrew Crumey authored the novel
"D'Alembert's Principle: A Novel in Three Panels."
(SFEC, 12/27/98, BR
p.5)(www.nndb.com/people/405/000087144/)
1717 Dec 9, Johann J. Winckelmann,
German archaeologist (History of Ancient Art), was born.
(MC, 12/9/01)
1717 Isaac Newton, England's
master of the mint, recommended a temporary freeze on the value of the
gold guinea to establish an appropriate ratio between the prices of
gold and silver and their supply.
(WSJ, 11/9/00, p.A24)
1717 Thomas Coke, the first Earl
of Leicester, purchased a manuscript made by Leonardo da Vinci that
came to be know as the Codex Leicester. It was sold in 1980 to Armand
Hammer.
(SFC, 10/29/96, p.F3)(NH, 5/97, p.11)
1717 The 1st New Orleans levee, 3
feet tall, was built on the Mississippi River.
(WSJ, 8/31/05, p.B1)
1717 Wang Hui (b.1632), Chinese
master painter, died.
(WSJ, 10/29/08, p.D9)
1717 Johann Martin Schubart,
former student of JS Bach, succeeded Bach as organist at the court of
Weimar.
(SFC, 9/1/06, p.E10)
1717 Louis Liger (b.1658), French
writer, died. His 1700 book “Oeconomie Generale de la Campagne, ou
Nouvelle Maison Rustique” included a chapter on French viticulture.
(SFC, 10/21/04, p.F3)(www.rappaport.it/catalogo.htm)
1717 The French notes of John
Law's bank were made receivable for taxes and other royal revenue.
(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.B4)
1717 In France John Law proposed a
company with exclusive rights to trade with and exploit the resources
of the Mississippi territory and to pay down the government's debt from
company profits. The regent and Parliament approved and the Companie
d’Occident (Company of the West) was established.
(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.B4)(Econ, 8/15/09, p.63)
1717-1718 Voltaire (1694-1778), French writer, was
imprisoned in the Bastille for his lampoons of the Regency.
(www.online-literature.com/voltaire/)
1718 Jan 7, Israel Putnam,
American Revolutionary War hero, was born. He planned the
forti-fications at the Battle of Bunker Hill and told his men, "don't
fire until you see the whites of their eyes."
(HN, 1/7/99)
1718 Apr 26, Esek Hopkins, first
U.S. commander-in-chief, was born.
(HN, 4/26/98)
1718 May 7, La Nouvelle-Orleans
(New Orleans) was founded by the French Mississippi Company, under the
direction of Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, on land inhabited by
the Chitimacha. It was named for Philippe II, Duke of Orleans, the
Regent of France.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans)
1718 May 15, James Puckle, a
London lawyer, patented the world's 1st machine gun.
(MC, 5/15/02)
1718 May 23, William Hunter
(d.1783), obstetrician, surgeon, anatomy teacher, was born near
Glasgow, Scotland. In 1768 he opened a medical school. The Glasgow
Hunterian Museum opened in 1807.
(MC,
5/23/02)(http://www.hunterian.gla.ac.uk/index.html)
1718 May, Edward Teach, aka
Blackbeard, used his 40-gun, captured French flagship (La Concorde),
renamed as Queen Anne's Revenge, to blockade the harbor at Charleston,
S.C.
(www.qaronline.org/history/search.htm)(AM, May/Jun
97 p.21)
1718 Jun 5, Thomas Chippendale,
English furniture maker was baptized.
(MC, 6/5/02)
1718 Jun 10, Blackbeard's ship,
the Queen Anne's Revenge, ran aground about this time and soon sank off
the coast of Beaufort, NC. In 1997 underwater archeologist raised a
canon be-lieved to be from this ship.
(SFC, 3/4/96, p.A4)(SFC,10/24/97,
p.A3)(www.qaronline.org/history/search.htm)
1718 Jun 26, Alexius Petrovich
(28), the son of Peter the Great, died in St. Petersburg from wounds
inflicted for an imagined rebellion.
(PC, 1992 ed, p.281)
1718 Jul 21, The Turkish threat to
Europe was eliminated with the signing of the Treaty of Passarowitz
between Austria, Venice and the Ottoman Empire.
(HN, 7/21/98)
1718 Jul 30, William Penn, English
Quaker, colonizer (No cross, no crown), died.
(MC, 7/30/02)
1718 Aug 25, Hundreds of French
colonists arrived in Louisiana, with some of them settling in
present-day New Orleans.
(AP, 8/25/97)
1718 Nov 3, John Montague, fourth
Earl of Sandwich and inventor of the sandwich, was born.
(HN, 11/3/98)
1718 Nov 18, Voltaire's "Oedipe"
premiered in Paris.
(MC, 11/18/01)
1718 Nov 22, A force of British
troops under Lt. Robert Maynard captured English pirate Ed-ward Teach
(b.~1682), better known as "Blackbeard" (aka Captain Drummond), during
a battle near Ocracoke Island, off the North Carolina coast. They
beheaded him. The governor of Vir-ginia had put a price of 100 pounds
on his head.
(AP,
11/22/97)(www.outerbankschamber.com/relocation/history/ocracoke.cfm)
1718 Dec 11, Charles XII, King of
Sweden (1697-1718), was shot dead.
(MC, 12/11/01)
1718 James Puckle patented a
machine gun that utilized a revolving block for firing square bullets.
(V.D.-H.K.p.267)
1718 Handel composed his opera
"Silla."
(LGC-HCS, p.41)
1718 Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur
de Bienville, French-Canadian explorer, founded New Orleans.
(Hem., 1/97, p.63)
1718 The "Casket Girls" of New
Orleans began to arrive from France with casket full of dowry articles
to marry settlers.
(SFC, 1/24/98, p.E5)
1718 Edward Teach, aka Blackbeard,
began to pillage settlements along the Atlantic coast and around the
Caribbean.
(AM, May/Jun 97 p.21)
1718 Czar Peter the Great imposed
a tax on the entire male peasant population while ex-empting the
wealthiest, the nobles and the merchants. Lords, villages and town
officials were responsible for collecting the tax.
(SFC, 5/3/00, p.A12)
1718 In France John Law's Bank was
made the state-royal-bank. The Law bank bought the French tobacco
monopoly.
(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.B4)
1718 The Paris Meridian was first
plotted. It was recalculated in the early 1800s by Arago.
(SSFC, 1/25/04, p.C12)
1718-1719 The French artist Watteau, known for his
draftsmanship, created "Woman in Black" and "Head of a Man."
(WSJ, 12/9/99, p.A24)
1718-1736 Russian Czar Peter the Great, having
conquered Estonia in the Great Northern War, constructed the baroque,
peach and white Kadriorg Palace on the outskirts of Tallinn.
(Hem, 4/96, p.23)(CNT, 3/04, p.145)
1718-1780 In Connecticut Colonel Samuel Browne
operated his 30-square-mile New Salem planta-tion. Evidence of slave
labor was later found.
(AM, 9/01, p.10)
1719 Jan 23, Principality of
Liechtenstein was created within the Holy Roman Empire.
(www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/9403.htm)
1719 Mar 22, Frederick William
abolished serfdom on crown property in Prussia.
(AP, 3/22/99)
1719 Mar 30, Sir John Hawkins,
author of the first history of music, was born.
(HN, 3/30/98)
1719 Apr 7, Jean-Baptiste de la
Salle (67), French priest, explorer, saint, died.
(MC, 4/7/02)
1719 Apr 15, In France Madame de
Maintenon (b.1635), the wife of former King Louis XIV, died. In 1930
Maud Cruttwell authored the biography “Madame de Maintenon.” In 2008
Veron-ica Buckley authored “Madame de Maintenon: The Secret Wife of
Louis XIV.”
(WSJ, 5/12/07,
p.P10(http://tinyurl.com/32xq5o)(Econ, 7/26/08, p.96)
1719 Apr 25, Daniel Defoe's novel
"Robinson Crusoe" was published in London. Crusoe was based on the
story of Alexander Selkirk, a man who was voluntarily put ashore on a
desert is-land.
(WSJ, 8/25/98, p.A12)(HN, 4/25/01)
1719 Jun 11, Scottish rebels,
aided by Spanish troops, who are defeated at Glenshiels sur-rendered.
(AP, 6/11/03)
1719 Jun 17, Joseph Addison (47),
English poet, writer, secretary of state, died.
(MC, 6/17/02)
1719 Sep 23, Liechtenstein
declared independence from the German empire.
(MC, 9/23/01)
1719 Sep, John Law announced that
he would buy the entire debt of France.
(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.B4)
1719 Nov 14, Johann Georg Leopold
Mozart, composer, was born.
(MC, 11/14/01)
1719 Dec 2, Pasquier Quesnel (85),
French theologian (La Foi), died.
(MC, 12/2/01)
1719 Dec 11, The first recorded
sighting of the Aurora Borealis took place in New England.
(AP, 12/11/99)
1719 Dec 18, Thomas Fleet
published "Mother Goose's Melodies For Children."
(MC, 12/18/01)
1719 Tiepolo painted "Scipio
Africanus Freeing Massiva," a 9 x 16 foot painting that now re-sides at
Walters Art Gallery in Baltimore. The painting required much
restoration after having fallen into New York Harbor and being dripped
on from a leak in the Walters roof.
(WSJ, 5/21/96, p.A-16)
1719 The bawdy ballad "The Ball of
Kirriemuir" was first published at least this far back. The poem was
later used by T.S. Eliot.
(WSJ, 9/12/96, p.A14)
1719 Chikamatsu Monzaemon created
his Kabuki Theater masterpiece 'Shankun: The Exile on Devil's Island."
(SFEC, 9/8/96, DB p.7)
1719 In New Hampshire the first
potato in America was planted in Londonderry Common Field.
(SFC, 1/29/00, p.E3)
1719 James Bradley, English
astronomer, identified the star Castor (Alpha Geminorum) as a double
star.
(SCTS, p.162)
1719 The Zwinger Palace was
erected in Dresden, Germany.
(SSFC, 4/25/04, p.D12)
1719 The French government gave
the Law company the right of coinage. By this time John Law controlled
the mint, public finances, the bank, the sea trade, Louisiana, tobacco,
and salt revenues.
(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.B4)
1719 In Paris, France, the fair
theaters were closed through the intrigues of their enemies.
(PNM, 1/25/98, p.4)
1719 The French captured and
burned the Spanish settlement Presidio Santa Maria de Galve (later
Pensacola, Flordia), but handed Pensacola back to Spain three years
later. Hurricanes forced the Spanish to repeatedly rebuild.
(AP, 3/24/06)
1720 Jan 26, Guilio Alberoni was
ordered out of Spain after his abortive attempt to restore his
country's empire.
(HN, 1/26/99)
1720 Jan-1720 Aug, Speculators in
London bid up the price of the South Sea Co., which had been granted a
trading monopoly with South America and the Pacific. The South Sea
Bubble burst and London markets crashed. Speculation in government
chartered trading companies had led to artificially inflated equity
prices with high leverage. The average stock dropped 98.5%. It
reportedly took 100 years for markets to recover. In 1999 Edward
Chancellor pub-lished "Devil Take the Hindmost: A History of Financial
Speculation." In 2002 Malcolm Balen authored “The Secret History of the
South Sea Bubble.”
(SFEC, 8/16/98, p.B2)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R42)(WSJ,
6/1/99, p.A20)(Econ, 1/3/04, p.42)
1720 Feb 10, Edmund Halley was
appointed 2nd Astronomer Royal of England.
(MC, 2/10/02)
1720 Feb 17, Spain signed the
Treaty of the Hague with the Quadruple Alliance ending a war that was
begun in 1718.
(HN, 2/17/99)
1720 Mar 24, In Paris, banking
houses closed in the wake of financial crisis. The "Mississippi Bubble"
burst as panicked investors withdrew their money from John Law's bank
and Missis-sippi Company [see South Sea Bubble, Jan, 1720].
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R8)(HN, 3/24/99)(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.B4)
1720 May 21, The French government
issued an edict that devalued all the notes and shares of the Law
company and fixed their prices. The edict was repealed after a week but
the econ-omy was severely damaged and John Law resigned as comptroller
general.
(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.B4)
1720 May 25, "Le Grand St.
Antoine" reached Marseille, plague killed 80,000.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1720 Jun 10, Mrs. Clements of
England marketed the 1st paste-style mustard.
(MC, 6/10/02)
1720 Jun 10, The French state bank
reopened after a 10 day closure and some people were crushed to death
in the rush to get in.
(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.B4)
1720 Jul 17, In France Barricades,
placed at the state bank, incited a crowd and 12 people were killed.
(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.B4)
1720 Oct, A government sloop,
commissioned by the governor of Jamaica to capture pirates,
attacked and captured the pirate ship of Captain Calico Jack Rackham.
[see Nov 20]
(ON, 12/01, p.12)
1720 Sep 12, Frederick Philipse
III, NYC, land owner (Bronx, Westchester & Putnam), was born.
(MC, 9/12/01)
1720 Nov 20, Pirates Mary Read,
Anne Bonny (b.~1700) and Captain Calico Jack Rackham were tried by an
admiralty court in Jamaica. Rackham was found guilty and hanged the
next day. Read and Bonny were also found guilty and sentenced to hang
but pleaded pregnancy. Their sentences were commuted until they gave
birth. Bonny was later pardoned but Read died in prison on Apr 28,
1721. Bonny, an Irish American pirate, had plied her trade in the
Caribbean and died around 1782.
(ON, 12/01,
p.12)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Bonny)
1720 Nov 27, In France John Law's
bank closed for the last time.
(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.B4)
1720 Dec 20, Charles Edward
Stuart, [Bonnie Prince Charlie, Young Pretender], was born. [see Dec 31]
(MC, 12/20/01)
1720 Dec 31, Charles Edward
Stuart, grandson of James II, known as the Young Pretender and Bonnie
Prince Charlie, was born. [see Dec 20]
(HN, 12/31/98)
1720 Dec, John Law left France and
returned to England.
(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.B4)
1720 J.S. Bach composed his Double
Violin Concerto in D Minor.
(SI-WPC, 12/6/96)
1720 Handel composed his opera
"Radamisto." It dealt with the tyrant Tiridate, King of Arme-nia, and
his insatiable pursuit of a woman who is not his wife.
(LGC-HCS, p.41)(WSJ, 7/5/00, p.A20)
1720 Handel composed his oratorio
"Esther" based on the 1689 drama by Racine.
(WSJ, 5/12/98, p.A20)
1720 The time setting for "Moll
Flanders."
(SFC, 6/14/96, p. C3)
1720 England passed a law that
prohibited the emigration of skilled craftsmen and the export of
machinery, models and plans.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R50)
1720 Paris, France, had 380 coffee
houses by this time. Due to strict curbs on the press handwritten
newsletters were exchanged there and government spies were common.
(Econ, 12/20/03, p.90)
1720 In Ireland the first yacht
club appeared in Cork Harbor.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R34)
1720 The world's 1st futures
exchange began in Osaka, Japan, with trade in 3-months forward
contracts in rice.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R51)
1720 The last major eruption of
the Popocatepetl volcano outside Mexico City.
(SFC, 7/3/97, p.C5)
1720 On Dominica beginning in this
year the island's administration shifted between the French and the
British until the early 19th century.
(SFEC, 2/15/98, p.T6)
1720 Sardinia, held by Catalan
conquerors since 1354, was handed over to Piedmont's Savoy Kingdom.
(SFEC, 1/30/00, p.T5)
1720 The Spanish quashed Chamorro
resistance and forcibly evacuated to Guam all Chamorros on Saipan and
the other Northern Marianas islands.
(SFEC, 3/7/99,Z1 p.4)
1720s The Ephrata Cloister
communal society in Amish country near Philadelphia was founded by a
former elder of the German Dunkers (German Baptists who later became
the Church of the Brethren).
(Hem, 6/96,
p.107)(http://www.cob-net.org/cloister.htm)
1720s Timothy Hanson took a seeds
of a European perennial grass known as hay from New York to the
Carolinas. The hay is called Timothy.
(SFEC, 11/17/96, zone 1 p.2)
1720-1778 Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian artist.
His fame rests on fantastic and often nightmar-ish etchings of ruins
and prisons. He restored the church of Santa Maria in Aventino.
(WSJ, 3/31/98, p.A20)
1720- 1790 The great period of Castrato singing.
Singers such as Nicolo Grimaldi (Nicolini), Fran-cesca Bernardi
(Senesino), Gaetano Maiorano (Caffarelli), and the greatest Carlo
Broschi (Farinelli).
(LGC-HCS, p.44)
1720-1800 The American counterpart to the religious
movement in Europe known as Pietism and Quietism was known as the Great
Awakening. The Great Awakening was a religious revival in the American
colonies in the early 18th century. It was one of the first great
movements to give colonists a sense of unity and special purpose in
God's providential plans. The Great Awaken-ing was part of a religious
ferment that swept across Western Europe that was know on the Continent
among Protestants and Roman Catholics as Pietism and Quietism. In
England it was referred to as Evangelicalism.
(HNQ, 8/31/98)
1720-1806 Carlo Gozzi, Italian fantasist, playwright.
(WSJ, 10/20/95, p. A-12)
1721 Jan 25, Czar Peter the Great
ended the Russian orthodox patriarchy.
(MC, 1/25/02)
1721 Mar 19, Tobias George
Smollett, Scottish satirical author and physician (Roderick Ran-dom,
Humphrey Clinker), was born (baptized).
(HN, 3/19/01)(MC, 3/19/02)
1721 Mar 24, In Germany, the
supremely talented Johann Sebastian Bach published the Six Brandenburg
Concertos.
(HN, 3/24/99)
1721 Apr 13, John Hanson, first
U.S. President under the Articles of Confederation, was born in
Maryland.
(HN, 4/13/98)(MC, 4/13/02)
1721 Apr 14, William Augustus duke
of Cumberland, English army leader ("Butcher of Cullo-den"), was born.
(MC, 4/14/02)
1721 Apr 19, Roger Sherman
(d.1793) of Connecticut, signer of the Declaration of Independ-ence,
was born in Newton, Massachusetts. Sherman was among the first to
declare that Par-liament had no right to legislate for the colonies. He
was a delegate to the Continental Con-gress, served in the first
U.S. House of Representatives and was a U.S. senator.
(HN, 4/19/97)(HNQ, 7/10/99)
1721 Apr 26, The smallpox
vaccination was 1st administrated. Lady Mary Wortley Montegu had
returned to England following a stay in Turkey with her ambassador
husband. She had learned of a procedure to inoculate against smallpox
and began a campaign to have the proce-dure established.
(ON, 9/01, p.1)(MC, 4/26/02)
1721 May 25, John Copson became
America's 1st insurance agent.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1721 May 29, South Carolina was
formally incorporated as a royal colony.
(HN, 5/29/98)
1721 Jun 26, Dr. Zabdiel Boylston
gave the 1st smallpox inoculation in Boston. The epidemic had arrived
by ship from Barbados.
(ON, 3/05, p.4)
1721 Jul 18, Jean Antoine Watteau
(b.1684), French rococo painter, died. His work included "Le Mezzetin."
(WUD, 1994 p.1614)(MC, 10/10/01)(MC, 7/18/02)
1721 Jul 21, Doctors in Boston
raised objections to a new practice of using live smallpox to inoculate
patients against the disease. A smallpox epidemic had recently broken
out in Boston and Cotton Mather (58), following some study, encouraged
the inoculation technique to prevent death from the disease.
(ON, 3/05, p.4)
1721 Aug 30, The Peace of Nystad
ended the Second Northern War between Sweden and Russia, giving Russia
considerably more power in the Baltic region.
(HN, 8/30/98)
1721 Oct 6, Deaths from smallpox
in Boston reached 203 with 2,757 people infected.
(ON, 3/05, p.5)
1721 Oct 22, Czar Peter the Great
became "All-Russian Imperator."
(MC, 10/22/01)
1721 Dec 29, Madam Jeanne Poisson
de Pompadour, influential mistress of Louis XV, was born. She was later
blamed for France's defeat in the Seven Years' War.
(HN, 12/29/00)
1721 Samuel Johnson published his
"Dictionary of the English Language." [good job for one only 12 years
old]
(SFEC, 10/18/98, BR p.7)
1721 Handel composed his opera
"Floridante. "
(LGC-HCS, p.41)
1721 Abdul Qadir Bedil (b.1644),
Afghanistan Sufi poet, died. In 2000 Afghan cab drivers in Washington
DC began meeting to discuss his work in a program called “An Evening of
Sufism.”
(WSJ, 7/10/06, p.A1)(http://devoted.to/bedil)
1721 Robert Walpole (1676-1745)
began serving as England’s first lord of the treasury and chancellor of
the exchequer. He shared power with John Carteret (later 1st Earl
Granville) until 1724 and with Townshend, whom he left in charge of
foreign affairs, until 1730. Thereafter his ascendancy was complete
until 1742.
(www.answers.com/topic/robert-walpole)
1721 In France the bandit
Cartouche (The Cartridge) took refuge in a Belleville cabaret, Le
Pistolet. He was captured while sleeping and was hung at the Place de
Greve in the center of Paris.
(SFEC, 6/28/98, p.T8)
1721-1785 Reigen Eto, Japanese Zen painter. His work
included "White-Robbed Kannon."
(SSFC, 9/23/01, DB p.48)
1722 Jan 24, Czar Peter the Great
capped his reforms in Russia with the "Table of Rank" which decreed a
commoner could climb on merit to the highest positions.
(HN, 1/24/99)
1722 Feb 10, Black Bart (b.1682),
Welsh pirate, died. He raided shipping off the Americas and West Africa
between 1719 and 1722.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholomew_Roberts)
1722 Mar 8, Afghan monarch Mir
Mahmud occupied Persia.
(MC, 3/8/02)
1722 Mar 29, Emanuel Swedenborg
(b.1688), Swedish scientist and clairvoyant, died in Lon-don. In 1744
he entered into a spiritual phase in which he experienced dreams and
visions. The foundation of Swedenborg's theology was laid down in
“Arcana Cœlestia” (Heavenly Secrets), published in eight volumes from
1749 to 1756.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg)
1722 Apr 5, Dutch explorer Jacob
Roggeveen discovered Easter Island, a Polynesian Island 1400 miles from
the coast of South America. They noted that the island was treeless and
won-dered how massive statues were erected. Much of the population was
later wiped out and the island became a possession of Chile. An
indigenous script called rongorongo survived but by 2002 was still not
deciphered. In 2005 Steven Roger Fischer authored “Island at the End of
the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island.”
(WSJ, 1/7/05,
p.W1)(http://islandheritage.org/eihistory.html)(Econ, 7/23/05, p.77)
1722 Apr 6, In Russia Peter the
Great ended tax on men with beards.
(MC, 4/6/02)
1722 Apr 11, Christopher Smart,
English journalist and poet, was born.
(HN, 4/11/01)(MC, 4/11/02)
1722 Apr 12, Pietro Nardini,
composer, was born.
(MC, 4/12/02)
1722 Apr 22, In Batavia,
Indonesia, 19 VOC "komplotteurs" were executed.
(MC, 4/22/02)
1722 Apr 30, Game of Billiards was
mentioned in New England Courant.
(MC, 4/30/02)
1722 Jun 16, John Churchill
(b.1650), first Duke of Marlborough, English military strategist, died.
In 2008 Richard Holmes authored “Marlborough: England’s Fragile Genius.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Churchill%2C_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough)(Econ,
6/21/08, p.99)
1722 Sep 12, The Treaty of St.
Petersburg put an end to the Russo-Persian War.
(HN, 9/12/98)
1722 Sep 27, Samuel Adams
(d.1803), American propagandist, political figure, revolutionary
patriot and statesman who helped to organize the Boston Tea Party, was
born. He was Lt. Gov. of Mass. from 1789-94.
(AHD, 1971, p.14)(HN, 9/27/98)(MC, 9/27/01)
1722 Oct 12, Shah Sultan Husayn
surrendered the Persian capital of Isfahan to Afghan rebels after a
seven month siege. Mir Wais' son, Mir Mahmud of Afghanistan, had
invaded Persia and occupied Isfahan. At the same time, the Durranis
revolted, and terminated the Persian occupa-tion of Herat.
(www.afghan, 5/25/98)(HN, 10/12/98)
1722 Oct 19, French C. Hopffer
patented the fire extinguisher.
(MC, 10/19/01)
1722 Nov 7, Richard Steele's
"Conscious Lovers," premiered in London.
(MC, 11/7/01)
1722 Nov 24, Johann Adam Reincken
(99), German organist and composer, died.
(MC, 11/24/01)
1722 Daniel Defoe wrote his novel
"Moll Flanders."
(SFC, 10/11/96, p.C1)
1722 Daniel Defoe published his
novel “A Journal of the Plague Year.” The novel posed as a historical
document and covered the London in 1665 as it was hit by bubonic plague.
(WSJ, 9/9/06, p.P8)
1722 Cotton Mather authored “An
Account of the Method and Success of Inoculating the Small-Pox…” This
followed work in support of inoculation trials in Boston.
(WSJ, 11/22/08, p.W11)
1722 John Hamilton Moore published
"The Practical Navigator."
(AH, 12/02, p.22)
1722 Legend has it that the
Arkansas “Little Rock” rock was first discovered at this time by the
French explorer Jean Baptiste Benard de La Harpe. It was the first
outcropping of any size on an 118-mile stretch of the Arkansas River.
(http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123309302911621329.html)
1722 Jonathon Swift, author and
pamphleteer, urged his fellow countrymen to boycott English goods and
"burn everything that came from England, except their people and their
Coals."
(SFEC, 12/22/96, Z1 p.6)
1722 Yongzheng followed Kangxi and
was the 2nd of three Qing emperors who reigned over China for 133 years
(1662-1795). He was followed by Qianlong.
(Econ, 11/5/05, p.90)
1722 In Paris three disgruntled
playwrights, Lesage, Fuzelier, and Dorneval, bought a dozen marionettes
and set themselves up at the Foire de Saint-Germain to give plays of
their own composition.
(PNM, 1/25/98, p.4)
1722 A French Jesuit got into the
Jingdezhen, a gated porcelain producing city in China, and sent home
detailed letters on porcelain production. Within decades France
developed its own porcelain production plant at Sevres.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R50)
1722 Russian troops fought against
Chechen tribes for the 1st time.
(SSFC, 11/10/02, p.A11)
1722-1735 Britain’s PM Walpole built his Palladian
house in Norfolk.
(Econ, 2/10/07, p.89)
1722-1780 Bernardo Belotto (Il Canaletto), Italian
topographical view painter. He was the nephew of Antonio Canal. He
later worked as court painter in Dresden and Warsaw.
(WSJ, 9/13/01, p.A18)
1723 Feb 5, John Witherspoon,
Declaration of Independence signer, was born.
(HN, 2/5/99)
1723 Apr 14, John Wainwright,
composer, was born.
(MC, 4/14/02)
1723 Jun 5, Economist Adam Smith
(d.1790) was baptized in Kirkcaldy, Scotland. He was the author of "An
Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations." Smith
studied at the Univ. of Glasgow, and then went to Balliol College,
Oxford. He then returned to the Univ. of Glasgow as a Prof. of logic
and then of moral philosophy. He promoted Laissez faire economics and
wrote "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations."
His most famous statement is: "It is not from the benevolence of the
butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from
their regard to their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their
humanity, but to their self-love." He also wrote the Theory of Moral
Sentiments in 1759. In 1995 Ian Simpson Ross wrote a biography of Smith
titled: The Life of Adam Smith. Smith also wrote "The Theory of Moral
Sentiments." In 1999 Charles L. Griswold wrote "Adam Smith and the
Vir-tues of Enlightenment.
(WSJ, 11/30/95, p.A-20)(AP, 6/5/97)(WSJ, 1/11/99,
p.R20)(WSJ, 2/09/99, p.A20)(MC, 6/5/02)
1723 Jun 20, Adam Ferguson,
Scottish man of letters, philosopher, historian, and patriot, was born.
He wrote "Principals of Moral and Political Science."
(HN, 6/20/99)
1723 Jul 10, William Blackstone
(d.1780), English jurist (Blackstone's Commentaries), was born in
England. He wrote that: "Husband and wife are one, and that one is the
husband." His "Commentaries on the Laws of England" were a dominant
source for the men who ratified the US Constitution.
(WUD, 1994, p.155)(SFC, 7/18/98, p.A15)(WSJ,
1/25/99, p.A19)(MC, 7/10/02)
1723 Jul 16, Sir Joshua Reynolds,
British portrait painter and first president of the royal Acad-emy of
Arts, was born.
(HN, 7/16/98)
1723 Aug 26, Anton van Leeuwenhoek
(b.1632), Dutch biologist, inventor (microscope), died in Delft,
Netherlands. [Aug 30 also given as a birthdate]
(Internet)
1723 Oct 31, Cosimo III de' Medici
(81), ruler of Florence (1670-1723), died.
(MC, 10/31/01)
1723 Handel composed his operas
"Ottone " and "Flavio."
(LGC-HCS, p.41)(WSJ, 4/15/03, p.D8)
1723 Marivaux wrote his comedy
play "La Double Inconstance" (The Inconstant Lovers).
(WSJ, 5/9/96, p.A-16)
1723 Dominicus Montagnana made a
viola, later acquired by the Chicago Symphony, valued at $1 million. He
was one of the greatest Venetian violin makers.
(SFC, 6/23/98, p.A3)
1723 Britain’s Black Act, under
the government of PM Robert Walpole, directed that anyone convicted of
blackening or disguising his face to hunt dear could be hanged.
(Econ, 2/10/07, p.89)
1723 Sir Christopher Wren
(b.1632), British astronomer and architect, died. He designed the
current St. Paul's Cathedral in London. In 2003 Lisa Jardine authored
"On a Grander Scale: The Outstanding Life of Sir Christopher Wren."
(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.14)(HN, 10/20/98)(SSFC, 2/2/03,
p.M1)
1723 Augustus the Strong, ruler of
Saxony and King of Poland, ordered the expansion of the Royal Residence
Palace treasure chamber in Dresden, long called the Green Vault because
of the color of its walls.
(http://tinyurl.com/gp7uy)(Econ, 9/16/06, p.95)
1723 Dimitrie Cantemir (b.1673),
2-time Prince of Moldavia (1693 & 1710-1711), died near Kharkov,
Ukraine. He was born in what is now Romania and became a prolific man
of letters with talents as a philosopher, historian, composer,
musicologist, linguist, ethnographer, and ge-ographer. Between 1687 and
1710 he lived in forced exile in Istanbul, where he learned Turkish and
studied the history of the Ottoman Empire at the Patriarchate's Greek
Academy, where he also composed music.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrie_Cantemir)(Econ, 9/15/07, p.104)
1723 Zanabazar (b.1635),
Mongolia’s greatest sculptor, died.
(SSFC, 3/27/05, p.F4)
1724 Jan 10, King Philip V shocked
all of Europe when he abdicated his throne in favor of his eldest son,
Louis. Philip V (1683-1746) was King of Spain from 1700-1746.
(WUD, 1994, p.1081)(HN, 1/10/99)
1724 Apr 1, Jonathan Swift
published Drapier's letters.
(OTD)
1724 Apr 7, Johann S. Bach's "St.
John Passion" premiered in Leipzig.
(MC, 4/7/02)
1724 Apr 22, Immanuel Kant
(d.1804), German philosopher (Critique of Pure Reason), was born in
Konigsberg (Kaliningrad). He held that space is just a "form of
sensibility" that our minds impose on experience to give it structure.
His work included the essay "Perpetual Peace."
(V.D.-H.K.p.40)(HN, 4/22/98)(WSJ, 8/21/98,
p.W13)(WSJ, 1/7/98, p.A10)
1724 May 18, Johann K. Amman (54),
Swiss-Dutch doctor for deaf-mutes, died.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1724 Jun 8, John Smeaton, English
engineer, was born.
(HN, 6/8/01)
1724 Nov 16, Jack Sheppard,
English robber, was hanged.
(MC, 11/16/01)
1724 Dec 9, Colley Cibber's
"Caesar in Aegypt," premiered in London.
(MC, 12/9/01)
1724 Dec 24, Benjamin Franklin
arrived in London.
(MC, 12/24/01)
1724 Captain Samuel Johnson's
"General History of the Pirates" was 1st published. "Johnson" may have
been a pseudonym for journalist Daniel Defoe.
(ON, 12/01, p.12)
1724 Handel composed his operas
"Giulio Cesare" and "Tamerlano." The Julius Caesar op-era premiered in
London. [see Mar 2 and Nov 11, 1725]
(LGC-HCS, p.41)(WSJ, 4/15/99, p.A20)(WSJ, 3/1/00,
p.A24)
1724 Brattleboro became the first
permanent English settlement in Vermont.
(Reuters, 8/25/06)
1724 Jesuit padre Jaime Bravo set
up a visiting mission in the southern Baja peninsula for the nomadic
Guaicura Indians.
(SSFC, 11/4/01, p.T12)
Go to 1725